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BECOMING-BODY
IN
THE REPETITION
OF KANTIAN
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL
THINKING
CRITIQUE
OF NIETZSCHE
by
Andrea
A PhD thesis
to
submitted
Rehberg
the
University
September
of
Department
Warwick
1993
of
Philosophy
ABSTRACT
This
dissertation
thinking
physiological
this
it
end
potential
In
mark
a radicalisation
out
some of
chapters
the
salient
it
falls
relation
ways in
and
two
the
categories
of
theory
of
the
temporal
connection
one
his
through
traced
Reason and are
which
the
Analytic
and
Deduction
the
of
against
Understanding
which
implicitly
contains
Since
Critique
the
Teleological
temporal
cohesion
of
under
the
aspect
of
together
the
multiple
the
of
Kant's
theory
of
the
offers
a reading
of
project
of
Chapter
critique
the
terms
Kantian
critique.
latter
of
the
of
its
own
in
which
points
short
To
it
-
Kant
phenomena
explicitly
of
the
Critique
of
Pure
the
Pure Concepts
of
the
theory
another
Faculty
Tudgerment complements
of
the
phenomena,
its
time.
of
relation
third
chapter
to
the
wider
which
Kantian
critique.
draws
four
can be shown to
theory
is
physiology
in
Nietzsche's
of
Dialectic
read
and
of
the
examine
that
radicality.
articulates
are
to
thesis
the
substantiate
constitutes
attempts
and to
project
to
seeks
of
of
in
the
will
to
Nietzsche's
in
implicit
temporality
presented
into
mutate
terms
power
of
his
as eternal
around
strands
it.
philosophical
Nietzschean
Finally,
thinking
recurrence.
of
physiology
the
becoming
of
matter,
-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I
like
would
to
thank
my supervisor,
for
this
recipients
of
and
generous
support
to
be among
the
Professor
David
questions
about
this
dissertation.
Professor
David
Farrell
Krell,
for
become
least,
I
become
what
thank
Jim
it
is.
Urpeth,
his
for
I
been
very
nomadic
Wood for
to
a student
Land,
project.
grateful
me to
Dr. Nick
of
many
have
his
dispatches.
privileged
I
productive
patient
am also
comments
and
I
am forever
indebted
to
whose
persistence
made it
possible
philosophy
at
without
whom this
all.
thesis
Last,
but
would
not
not
have
List
of
Abbreviations
Works by Kant
in
German
KrV
Kritik
der
reinen
twelve
volumes,
Vernunft.
Vol. s III
by Wilhelm
edited
and IV of
Weischedel,
the
Werkausgabe
Frankfurt/M:
in
Suhrkamp,
1974.
KtU
Kritik
der
teleologischen
KU
Kritik
der
Urteilskraft.
Prol
Prolegomena
zu einer
Werkausgabe
English
CJ
Hackett
CPR
jeden
Kant's
of
Judgement.
of
Publishing
Critique
Vol.
KU.
X of
Werkausgabe.
künftigen
Metaphysik.
Vol. V of
Works
Translated
Company,
by
Werner
S.
Pluhar.
Indianapolis:
1987.
Translated
by Norman Kemp Smith.
Teleological
Judgement
in
to Any Future
Metaphysics.
Pure
of
Macmillan,
Reason.
Critique
P
Prolegomena
of
Hackett
Works
by Nietzsche
in
ASZ
Also
sprach
FW
Die
fröhliche
GD
Götzendämmerung.
GdM
Zur
JGB
Jenseits
von Gut
KSA
Kritische
Studienausgabe.
Translated
by Paul
1977.
KSA.
Vol. 4 in
Vol. 3 in
Wissenschaft.
Vol. 6 in
KSA
KSA.
Moral.
Vol. 5 in
KSA.
und Böse.
Vol. 5 in
KSA.
der
Fifteen
volumes,
Deutscher
edited
by Giorgio
Montinari.
München:
and New York:
Walter
de Gruyter,
Wille
Macht.
Edited
by Peter
Gast
and Elizabeth
Alfred
Kröner
Verlag,
twelfth
Nietzsche.
Stuttgart:
Colli
Berlin
Verlag;
Taschenbuch
and Mazzino
zur
Carus.
German
Zarathustra.
Genealogie
CJ.
Company,
Publishing
Indianapolis:
Der
London:
1964.
CTS
WM
in
.
Translations
Critique
Urteilskraft
1980.
Förster-
edition,
1980.
English
Translations
BGE
GoM
Beyond
Good and Evil.
Penguin
Books,
1978.
On the
Genealogy
of
Random House,
TI
House,
1974.
Twilight
of
Penguin
Books,
WP
by Walter
Kaufmann.
New York:
Translated
by Walter
Kaufmann.
New York:
Random
Harmondsworth:
Translated
by R. J. Hollingdale.
Harmondsworth:
Random House,
and R. J. Hollingdale.
Kaufmann
by Walter
Translated
New York:
I
reasons
and
in
consulted
have
found
1968.
7 to
the
give
in
make
disagree
the
Will
to
with
their
I
to
this
Power,
translated
to
translations
or
reader
be made aware
even
Pluhar's
translation
reliable
than
those
more
the
of
of
of
Hollingdale
KSA I
the
so-called
a
quote,
Nachlaß
was necessary
decisions
I
obviously
I
this
Secondly,
Hollingdale
be
we
although
I
Kaufmann,
and
had
only
could
access
in
such
a large
number
of
often
than
to
modify
their
not,
And again
of
these
changes.
first
translation
of
the
Critique
are
on the
third
the
nature
the
it
re-translate.
completely
Norman Kemp Smith's
Although
by
necessary,
from
felt
versions.
decisions
interpretative
it
and
both
original
and
that
German
the
notes,
interpretative
the
was given
felt
material
possible,
for
in
both
translated
been
material
as
whenever
quote
unpublished
reader
have
should
concerns
the
yet
not
access
reader
if
that
cases
has
translating
guaranteed
The
13),
as
necessary
to
Nietzsche's
of
part
translations
existing
it
Firstly,
English.
(volumes
have
have
I
substantial
and Kaufmann,
I
felt
and Werner
Critique
whole
the
much more
some modifications
were
necessary.
I have
been
by R. J. Hollingdale.
1980
to Power.
two
still
Translated
1984.
The Will
Although
to
Translated
on Translations
Note
to
Harmondsworth:
Morals.
Idols.
the
Books,
Penguin
by R. J. Hollingdale.
Translated
Zarathustra.
Thus Spoke
TSZ
Works
1967.
The Gay Science.
GS
Nietzsche's
of
indicated
modified
throughout
(t. m. ),
hence
whether
this
term
an existing
translation
encompasses
the
entire
has merely
range
from
to
adjustments
minor
translation
complete
from
quotes
appear
a rather
seemed
to
daring
Nietzsche
the
Nietzsche's
spelling
standards.
On the
other
hand,
Kant's
works
I
of
edition
Werkausgabe.
hence
had
to
I
not
quote
from
have
his
Nietzsche's
I
have
for
emphasis).
I
this
decision.
would
had
texts
German
be less
not-tampered
can
decision
but
one
which
KSA Colli
and
Montinari
rather
archaic
by
modern
German
Weischedel,
the
editor
of
used,
I
it
(although
have
Since
felt
large.
my
made what
Wilhelm
he explains
of
anachronism
is
have
appears
lines
along
spelling
which
the
English
the
whether
I
in
orthographic
Throughout
dictate.
or
(m. t. ).
altogether
As concerns
rewriting,
only
to
a large
to
access
as
presented
to
capital
readers
of
Kant's
retain
modernise
initial
agree
with,
the
XII
volume
of
script
the
and
the
than
Kant's
Nietzsche's
letters
or
German
Kant's
modernises
original
archaic
might
common sense
by Weischedel,
more
appearing
disturbing
that
extent
on pp. 826-830
with-any
hope
German,
at
loomed
spelling
used
by him
least
accept
CONTENTS
Introduction
1
1. THE SURGE OF PHYSIOLOGY
I. The
Principle
II.
The
Transcendental
Idea
III.
The
Transcendental
Deduction
IV. Physiology
Substance
of
22
of
Substantiality
(I)
Inchoate
37
49
57
2. TUMULTUOUS BODIES
I. The
Principle
of
Containment
II.
The
III.
An Antinomy
3. DIVINE
Causality
64
Matter
82
of
Nature
against
105
PUTRESCENCE
I. The
Idealisations
of
II.
The
Transcendental
Deduction
III.
The
Marasmic
120
Reason
(II)
134
141
Ideal
4. THE TIME OF PHYSIOLOGY
I. The
Repetition
II.
Waves
III.
Critique
of
IV. The Time
of
179
Physiology
196
as pErazßok
210
of
Physiology
218
234
Notes
Select
Critique
Bibliography
252
This
text
offers
that
accepted
there
thinking.
a significant
although
thought
and
references
to
and his
innumerable
other
Kant
ones
sometimes
cast
attentive
reader
of
concerned
with
producing
not
physiological
is
Nietzsche's
should
theoretical
of
Nietzsche's
of
perspective
Kant's
a reading
which
Kante.
the
strong
the
case
with
puts
possible
without
Kant'
m. t. ).
One aspect
of
this
thesis
draw
out
and
to
continuation,
but
also
It
purpose.
shows
trajectory
acknowledged
that
to
relation
tradition.
(as
well
that
the
significance
when
it
is
is,
I
thought,
when
the
as,
the
of
placed
position
foregrounded.
day
it
and
is
not
conflict
guides
my readings
(71,
this
is
a
a dual
and
always
in
philosophical
of
Nietzsche
is
of
the
Kantian
edifice
against
this
reading
strategy
critical
history
of
philosophy
point
is
taken
-1-
KSA 13,25
comprehensible
turn
This
be
not
finally
in
the
would
not
text
in
we
is
consequence
is
Kant,
thought
the
with)
he says
'I
be understood
must
are
Nietzsche
historical
a particular
fifty
not
To do so serves
of
Kantian
them.
s.
A second
the
of
unfold
against
that
works
be to
background
hope,
obviously
Kant. "
the
written.
are
ohne
what
much
or
when he says
of
of
thorough
Kant'
can
which
doubts
of
this
assumptions
Kant),
Nietzsche's
to
course,
(and
which
of
in
oeuvre'
in
be part
even
and
the
between
therefore
sense
and
readily
hundred
to
of
möglich
thinking
often
is
nicht
will
to
so
Janus-headed
ties
simplicity
wäre
Kant
writings
studies
a transformation,
is
it
which
("Ich
Nietzsche's
One of
not
forceful
Nietzsche
philosophical
textual
subterranean
himself
pronouncement
Nietzsche's
detailed
always
Nietzsche's
reference
the
not
two
over
was a particularly
Although
ignore
is
between
well
implicit
make
Nietzsche
on whether
are
throughout
works
It
connection
there
from
philosophy
enriched
and in
up and
the
developed
when
its
trajectory
below.
of
do not
I
of
course
respects
a radicalisation
Deleuze,
in
Nietzsche
who is
et
s 'method',
Nietzsche'
to
that
claim
thereby
la
philosophie
Kant.
Deleuze's
procedure
dialogue
his
this
in
mentioned
la
Nietzsche
alongside
to
in
of
the
of
text
known
a little
'early'
another
and
North
American
West
of
of
the
in
European
1900
and
ten
concentrated
present
study.
For
rather
self-evident
of
relation
re-interpretation
of
Kant's
extended
areas
reasons,
on Kant's
focus
the
issues
or
scope
this
beyond
of
raised
even
philosophy,
study
on
on this
practical
the
But
theses
thematic
worked
Kant-Nietzsche
a
offer
academic
and
the
to
relation.
textual
on Nietzsche's
have
only
one
only
the
a consideration
would
1980,4,
texts.
above-mentioned
the
with
gives
which
through
explore
which
and
some aspects
(1974)
the
place
Reboul
by Olivier
of
of
study
not
to
text
Kant-Nietzsche
any
the
acceptable.
another,
exposition
natural
being
although
veritd
towards
tending
the
At any rate,
me the
which,
be
de la
Le probleme
of
texts
bounds
(1966)
the
could
which
course
none
thereof,
Granier's
works
is
these
aspect
of
dissertation
between
But
a re-reading
this
writings
them.
project
of
comments
which
ethical
understands
many of
discussed
of
be
the
and
most
to
in
written
the
most
Deleuze's
relation
are
the
closely,
Jean
Nietzsche
register
Nietzsche,
for
not
itself
include
title
textual
a recent
figure
de Kant
Furthermore,
detailed
the
does
dissertation
Other
and
from
critique
auspicious
substance
in
Kant;
chapter
influential
most
terms.
Gilles
move.
it
overall
of
some
an entire
derivation
its
this
very
distinction
the
has
devotes
Nietzsche's
of
de Nietzsche
philosophie
scholastic,
the
context
to
and
in
as
original
a wholly
these
in
tradition
philosophical
daps
with
is
thought
(1962),
Although
follow
implicit
of
one
as
predecessors,
in
Kant
that
critique,
portrayed
Nietzsche's
read
of
namely
part
to
science
of
equally
Nietzsche's
and on the
challenging
and important
reflections
on Kant's
philosophical
-2-
conceptuality
project
critical
with
seemed to
conception
which
Kant
it.
underwrites
In
other
thinking
which
leads
Nietzsche
lurking
in
the
crevices
of
driving
out
the
old
delirium
of
the
Nietzsche
for
receptacle
dispenser
of
morality
with
"Die
and
expose
the
about
reassurance
and
Wissenschaft
das
-
human
Intellekts
mich
bei
durch
durch
Vereinfachung:
sie
das
ness
things
in
the
was
of
to
myself
intellectual
the
morality...
science
we have
to
myself:
us. " (KSA
14,24
our
lives
-
Welt
und
über
die
war
eine
solche
as
understood,
as
-
of
-3-
bekommt
hier
wir
einen
allein
sie
complete
confusedhence
-
a schema,
like
also
and
out
seizes
same aversion
I would
uns
to
come out
of
was such
a simplification:
it
known.
Now we have
destroyed
-
for
the
spirit:
a new magic
after
the
a restorative
solely
in
accordingly,
( 181, my omissions,
Wohltat
einrichten,
the
This
Nun
eine
everything
world
attains
because
weil
darauf
'clarify'
Morality
and
innere
Kenntnis)
of
by means
knowledge)
morality
Moral
und
eradication
inner
to
arrange
Leben
the
the
of
unser
chaos.
reveals
eradication
Moral
to
itself
path
der
intellect
Physics
(as
die
vorstellen
Weg zur
which
as
selbe
als
pictorially,
being
-
sich
confusedness.
human
Dieser
also
-
ergibt
hypotheses
of
contemplation
represent
taught
the
vollkommenen
bekannt.
wir
next
of
als
now the
until
through
aversion
into
next
the
erkannt,
Beseitigung
so müssen
is
als
der
that
him
god
the
Menschen
(als
der
is
it
selber:
Die
Wissenschaft
-
of
bildlich
mir
die
"Science
of
'erklären'
alles
meiner
Gemüt:
11
god
observe
erosion
der
an dem Chaos.
Betrachtung
den
gradual
welche
Physik
erhalten.
the
Hypothesen,
Die
zu
tyranny
science
Beseitigung
vernichtet...
finden,
little
God:
of
Moral
Konsequenz
of
death
herauskommen.
lehrte
nach
the
of
to
nature,
that
the
die
Zauber
neuen
natural
die
Schema
ein
Verworrenheit
wir
of
that
after
bisher
war
des
haben
timid
self-definition,
the
of
dem Widerwillen
auch
development
shrivelled,
from
security,
Dinge
ich
the
nature
implies
der
ergreift
trace
theory
critical
releasing
anxieties
intellektuelle
for
to
on occasion
realisation
möchte
the
to
becoming.
the
Widerwille
für
wanted
Kant's
a material
Verworrenheit
aus
idol
himself
I
words,
m. t. )
here
we find
order
to
a consequence,
preserve
science
me
The
is,
contention
Platonic-Christian
then,
to
two-world
least,
by Kant's
not
but
has secretly
found
refuge
which
underlies
Kant's
critical
as
Critique.
third
the
to
will
to
a will
Kantian
in
offered
critical
which
truth
(theoretical)
mortality
forcefully
seek
to
suppress.
aching,
dying
suppurating,
perverse
'ground'
philosophy
after
must
legitimate
Kantian
show
in
though,
system
of
carrying
out
the
it
in
the
),
it
is
to
affirm
the
desire
and
Platonism,
so
affirm
and
establish
the
to
that
Kant
not
of
Kant,
take
is
interstices
as the
basis,
even
as a
be the
chief
task
of
philosophy
metaphysics
for
which
this,
the
merely
itself
understands
of
affirmation
elements
for
that
affirmation
to
an academic
dissertation
an attempted
of
necessary
to
to
the
and Nietzsche
outline
and
as not
critique
determines
the
present
reading
to
the
only
attempted
to
had
to
be in
place
at
rate,
a quasi-propaedeutic
as
I
physiology.
have
which
minimally
become
possible
at
would
not
be the
all
most
of
-
and,
any
setting
conducive
affirmation,..
we can turn
Kant
of
echoing
as a
critique
understands
A841, B869),
a distant
In
scope.
before
lurks
the
of)
(eg. KrV/CPR
philosophical
such
(eg. GdM/GoM III.
thinker
I
this
part
paradoxically,
an intense
which
the
domain)
natural
second
that,
(God)
(driven
conceptuality
rational
(the
and
rather
of
the
of
God that
some of
readings
is
body
objective
diagnoses
the
order
But
allegedly
body
thinking,
unsystematic)
perhaps
for
legitimate
To recognise,
the
critique
(wholly
its
the
Nietzsche.
to
actually
of
the
the
of
be remembered,
also
propaedeutic
yet
for
delineation
but
critique
and
of
Truth
down
theology
site
Nietzsche
hunts
which
'god',
the
Critique
overcomes
that
has fled
the
first
terms,
general
projection
the
materiality
It
in
And although
truth
in
theory,
out,
sciences,
it
put
in
broad
four
chapters
which
to
seek
terms
-4-
which
carry
substantiate
my understanding
of
detailed
out
the
this
thesis,
their
it
respective
philosophical
projects
and
it
with
the
reading
Kant.
It
strategies
employed
throughout.
Modern
philosophy
philosophy
gets
its
first
taste
throw
off
the
shackles
to
begins
existence
commences
with
freedom
of
of
of
god
and
seeks
instead,
is
not
only
the
destabilisation
is
with
from
speculative
perennial
to
so
his
concern
speak,
critical
theology
with
and
proofs
for
the
existence
for
proofs
that
works
the
of man.
it
But
Kantian
distinguishes
reason's
speculative
an unconditioned
reason
and about
whether
God in
order
to
the
of
or
this
dissertation
that
certain
Nietzschean
becomes
transcendental
phenomena,
project.
Platonistic,
which
Because
is
Kant
is
to
apply
the
critical
claims
of
speculative
the
this
first
the
will
strands
his
is
text
assumptions.
to
of
a perpetual
of
Kant's
re-examination
of
course
critical
claims
in
distinction
this
of
-5-
philosophy
transcendent
between
distinction
importance
of
reason
It
power,
he
method
place.
Kantian
central
theses
subsidiary
project
own critical
is
recuperative
the
merely
of
and legitimate
as a result
critical
one
illegitimate
of
their
Hence
that
the
in
text.
of
world,
the
is
unconditioned
perspective
in
question
the
assumed
his
of
But
succeed
throughout
ideas
from
really
able
assume
status
knowledge.
unfounded,
it
causality
to
foundational
of
transcendent
in
the
examine
which
curb
tendencies
of
to
claims
transcendent
possible
or
nature
to
the
in
producer,
then,
the
philosophy
seeks
to
proposes
formation
that
it
unavoidable
an illegitimately
equally
without
To my mind,
their
points
from
project
banish
blatantly
most
relapses
production
about
a theologised
generally,
Critiques
is
into
the
I,
the
points
other
the
at
Kant
legitimate
whether
at
to
Hence
theoretical
resurfaces
but
seemingly
as given.
Kant's
develops
'natural',
or
aspirations
of
More
soul
domain
the
critique.
the
about
of
his
entire
the
to
be productive
and
of
philosophical
differences
and strands
of
between
uninhibited
productivity
of
thought
are
activated.
Although
them as such,
it
is
to
say
that
Platonistic
the
become
object
of
And again
Kant.
true
because
philosophy
it
is
Nietzsche's
dormant
in
that
of
Kant
and
possible
to
assess
Kant
according
critical
philosophy.
four
Critique,
it
structures
text
is
the
of
one hand
it
chapters
rational
elements
Concepts
hereafter
referred
to
as the
synthesis
is
initially
needs
to
demonstrate
integrated
is
instance
according
to
to
by his
own
a Nietzschean
runs
through
pervades
parts
of
the
first
the
read
of
Kant.
synthesis
an unconscious
two
conflictual
(for
text
of
the
critical
deeply
those
in
This
aspect
of
system
and
in
the
text
there
the
context
runs
the
of
the
In
Deduction).
After
requisite.
(intuition
Kant's
and concepts),
respective
material
distinct
phenomena
and this
happens
But
the
Nietzsche
aid
as an early
process
productive
-6-
of
(as yet,
which
Kant
in
a
(and Deleuze)
by Kant,
both
text
he has isolated
can be
with
the
(KrV A94 - B169,
Understanding'
knowledge
rational
instance
emphatically
a structural
of
of
categorial
Reason).
the
of
the
of
and how their
that
formation
possible
of
two stems
by
Transcendental
merely
the
in
synthesis,
it
the
becomes
polyvocity
of
ideas
most
arises
Pure
what he calls
lies
it
from
knowledge.
of
the
on the
which
an exposition
represented
throughout
the
essentially
constitutive
as
the
of
is
which
reducing
are
imposes
synthesis
'Deduction
there
strongly
the
by
what
that
is,
really
a tension
unduly
that
most
and the
But alongside
thought
without
sees
it
critique
from
arises
Kant
organisation
Principles
Kantian
questions
obviously
Nietzsche
can only
study.
For
which
after
and
posed
On the
it.
with
explicit
question,
may be said
in
strands
makes
the
this
Critique.
which
So on one level
of
first
the
thinking
name
introduced
introduced
chapters
of
distinction
criteria
how critical
set
this
of
explicitly
thought
of
the
of
A second
is
forms
to
point,
vantage
it
he does not
unrealised)
precedes
and
contributes
to
different
Closely
connected
of
processes
which
which
permeate
that
throughout
are
his
filter
his
thought
and
four
these
chief
claims
Critiques
at
least
two
with
other.
each
whereas
non-Platonistic
the
recurrence
eternal
returning
to
the
manner
echo
in
the
second
type
experience
are.
among these
sense,
namely
love
system
quality,
of
Kant
into
temporality,
of
That
one,
three
Deduction
is
chapters
phenomena
the
same.
I
to
have
sheet
should
hope
be seen
can
as
are,
True
to
the
poses
the
appear
to
of
the
the
and
clarified
space
question
categories
to
age,
Kant's
of
how it
is
in
knowledge
(together
the
Kant
four
and modality.
-7-
with
transcendentally
of
pares
an object
of
groups
of
three
It
is
in
the
outer
are
rather
and designates
third
of
of
With
Analytic.
down Aristotle's
an
what
such
forms
of
for
possible
conceived)
Transcendental
the
Critique
more precisely,
or,
of
production
the
the
around
the
consciousness
and time
symmetry
of
that
indicate
concentrated
spirit
constituents
relation
the
processes
temporality
of
is
concealed,
returns
on one level,
of
study
synthesis
contents
as introduced
categories
characteristic
the
at
issues
to
in
this
supports
Transcendental
the
of
them
synthetic
same.
time
four.
chapter
relation.
the
of
the
of
of
much more
rethinking
of
which
recurs
glance
these
of
in
a second,
terms
conflicting
One of
to
a discussion
recurrence
Foremost
quantity,
the
Nietzsche's
constituents
sprawling
One of
this
necessary
his
theories
elaborates
the
the
Kantian
theoretical
Pure Reason systematically
course
the
that
of
and inner
are
them
is
Even a fleeting
of
unconscious
texts.
Kant
repetitions
object
the
My contention
which
categories
against
attaches
keep
readings
as
rationality
time
to
manner
in
of
of
of
in
text
of
vie
the
critical
and
temporality
into
intended
individuation.
conception
subterranean
to
reading
critical
the
of
outlines.
this
productive
structures
rational
of
consciousness
structures
conceptions
with
forms
these,
more
them
in
the
group
of
categories
themselves
present
categories
are
(KrV/CPR
A177).
insights
implicit
in
the
to
which
particularly
part
of
the
they
are
occasionally
the
three
chapters
claims
of
the
of
of
disjunctive,
are
based
along
which
it
first
level,
the
mechanical
Critique
Faculty
of
Judgements
theory
of
mechanism.
of
discussion,
in
chapters
causality
and
with
context
the
which
Kant
the
finds
a
unravel
two,
of
of
the
Kant'
s
temporality
by a reading
of
to
complement
his
this
dissertation
focuses
on
neglected
feature
of
discussed
at
of
art7.
-g-
present
necessary
it
concentrate
A323, B379
Teleological
is
necessary
the
the
When it
to
of
of
Critique
strangely
is
types
KrV/CPR
to
three,
an as yet
physiology
(cf.
and
the
the
three
notions
chapter
which
philosophy
one
of
on which
possible
is
Nietzschean
why it
in
the
of
relation
This
physiology`.
thought.
in
causality
thematises
accompanying
complemented,
Nietzsche's
Nietzsche's
becomes
nature.
teleological
of
of
of
is
Dialectic
and
thread
theory
the
terms
useful
s critical
Critique,
in
categories
Kant'
first
reason
the
their
the
Kant
reason
rich
formulation
which
speculative
group
explicit
of
hypothetical
are
study.
structure
Hence
of
can be cited
ideas
of
this
centrally
this).
On another
of
in
an object
given
their
Aesthetic
states
of
to
opposed
compared
in
syllogisms
especially
Transcendental
also
erroneous
of
as
relation
categorical,
that
temporality,
of
namely
is
appearances"
offer
second
The aspect
of
should
Analogies,
theory
this
they
the
the
in
relations
in
the
thematised
time
nature
in
are
"all
of
conception
which
as they
of
of
notions
structure
nexus
those
Kant's
singularly
causal
emphatically
into
Kant
the
relations
relation,
where
possibilities,
the
that
illegitimate
the
thinking
of
means
Critique,
that
relation,
This
The categories
first
Kant,
to
Furthermore,
thematised.
of
called
all
is
frequently
in
several
strong
reasons
this
But
on physiology
itself.
the
these
Before
from
start
not
be enumerated
can
the
assumption
thinking
physiological
the
tasks
elements
of
interface
with
Kant,
substance
and
of
of
text
Nietzsche's
Chapters
is
be pointed
out
that
it
is
known
what
Nietzsche's
it
implies'.
what
I understand
to
be the
thinking.
As regards
the
Nietzschean
questions
whether
the
Kantian
concept
of
to
this
or what
elaborate
the
raises
(mechanical)
causality
the
or
for
conceptuality
two and three
one,
to
physiological
an appropriate
offer
has
consists
this
of
it
thinking
this
This
text
does
means that
categories
of
of
teleology
physiology.
these
questions
answer
each of
are
directed
against
three
one
chief
a Nietzschean
to
seek
that
respectively.
Nietzsche's
Although
the
perhaps
There
are
the
history
world
philosophy
it
has
guises.
But
in
the
course
first
of
realm
of
The
set
forms
are
of
structure
values
then
distributed
'this'
(the
possible
to
Chief
among these,
mentioned,
is
inferior
its
usual)
copies
in
throughout
found
articulation
in
forms
common to
all
and hence
two-world
theory,
to
that
of
these
two
of
all
that
is
-g-
and
Although
following
the
for
in
second
material.
form,
three
strategic
their
'this'
a transcendent
one).
chapter
original
a pristine
between
are
problems
is
opposed
distribution
move,
this
the
fallen,
the
understand
them as separate
of
and
by comparison
this
of
structuring
original
hatred
is
world
details
(and
discuss
thinking
eternity
purity,
with
associated
particularly
to
is
is
chapters,
important
forms.
Platonism,
tSsa)
following
of
of
the
and unproductive
this
its
all
aspects
(of
whereas
capacity,
in
course
forms
the
many things,
be isolated.
the
all
of
related
closely
can preliminarily
mere effects
merely
four
a great
Platonism
Western
the
transient
is
a Platonistic
of
productive
thought
to
and a whole
realms.
his
aspects
is
in which
of
many different
of Platonism
There
target
chief
different
very
writings
discussed
it
is
as
elements
reasons
of
it
is
to
be
own right.
aspect
of
Platonism
Nature
is
made up of
the
body
is
merely
an
inferior
fear
and
are
initially
which
hatred
of
in
necessity
A third
natural
processes.
Thus,
a moral
to change
highest
in
time,
finally
fact
'real'
are
nexus
although
they
effect
'this'
importantly,
is
of
the
conception
God,
course
up further
introduction
detail
in
chapter
obvious
that
the
last
they
in
fact
our
obstacles
for
time
and
hence
to
death,
is
thereby
good,
the
eternal
and unchanging.
greatest
make up this
which
capacity.
is
is
reserved
precisely
by
This
point
in
discussed
also
three
imply
mutually
all
of
elements
Platonism
are
Platonism
which
more importantly,
in
order
to appreciate
any overcoming
Platonism,
I consider
them separately.
of
thought
of
the
understanding
Throughout
on the
problems.
-10-
intimately
in
order
holds
sway
exactly
what
But
one another.
through
albeit
is
capability.
and it
do
world
This
underwritten
productive
subject
or production.
productivity
of
are
three.
mechanisms
purposes
in
As
'merely'
the
as primary
this
the
is
productive
ultimate
is
moral
and
forms
Hence
things
the
thinking
purity.
subject
inferior.
morally
of
Whatever
world.
whose status
alone
separately,
of
The
on in
to enumerate
treated
its
originary
that
and that
the
of
this
it
eternal
mark
which
the
Platonism.
another
that
naturally
in
fact
in
or
world,
occurs
as
of
has
to understand
and,
form
which
designated
concerns
element
time
is
instance,
the
for
a mere physical
forms
and
the
related
not
and most
for
is
is
on what
into
the
of
not
It
scheme 'corruption'
realm
have any significant
greater
drawn
the
a Platonistic
taken
are
above,
In
is
matter
of
deficient
A fourth
organic
of
suppression
things
moral
the
the
and,
considered
instance,
is
themselves
the
for
evil.
is
in
This
soul.
judgements
and spiritual
this
eternal
moral
processes
but
and
superior,
itself
Platonistic
element
temporal,
the
expresses
this
unchanging
houses
materiality
simply
was mentioned
not
temporarily
putrefactory
occurring
realm:
shell
it
important
present
study
they
are
that
they
form
a common
also
Although
these
all
be mentioned)
will
it
Platonism,
undergo
is
the
Platonistic
hatred
importance
to
suppression
of
This
has
aspects
all
My claim
body
is
effects
several
One of
these
philosophers
that
thinking
it
only
finally
yet
reminds
basis
of
ideality
the
site
on which
between
the
materiality
It
by means
Nietzsche
can
I
power'
becoming
like
the
hand,
prepower,
the
body
on the
body
reminds
activity,
but
that
fundamental
In
pure
Nietzsche's
philosopher)
the
fight
is
named
death
the
to
and that
materiality
an excessive
on the
been attained
the
of
Nietzschean
fact.
ever
only
that
strenuously
speaking,
Platonism,
of
be highly
however
that
thinking.
to
activity,
(even
Platonistic
consider
spiritual
physicality.
of
thought
the
all
of
will
overcoming
economic
differential
or
is
becoming,
will
prior
to
a becoming
as the
of
Platonism.
to
The
'given'
On the
power
basis
typical
11-
to
By 'will
a material
which
principle
explanatory
power
is
formative
and
but
it,
on the
other
forces
that
is
it
play
of
is
perpetual,
unconscious,
thought
the
which
of
that
as physiology
through
differential
formative,
to
a metaphysical,
not
Spirit1O.
emerges
the
eventual
as nothing
body
I
which
have
central
physiological
historically
of
out,
and trans-individual.
the
denial
and
reason
describes
of
the
itself
forms,
productive
the
forget
eradication
the
understand
insofar
primary
of
begin
plays
to
a purely
the
fought.
are
is
his
bodily
struggles
attempted
that
new emphasis
that,
the
the
be of
answer
overcome
namely
to
an explicitly
this
and
above,
to
I consider
spirituality
or
thinking,
is
never
deny
prior
a violent
physiological
is
philosophy
physiology
consciousness,
that
attempt
mentioned
implications
another
to
attempt
philosophers
is
Nietzsche's
ones which
which
develop
and
desirable.
is
to
other
factors
materiality
Nietzsche9.
the
the
of
(and several
in
a rethinking
second
of
Platonism
of
the
instance
of
such
of
will
a becoming.
to
It,
as
is
too,
a becoming
without
subsequently
undergoes
substantial
that
for
point
founding
the
of
this
the
of
it
will
to
study
nothing
transformed
into
to
By reinstating
the
simultaneously
displaces
power.
(the
draw
to
attempt
is
'model'
denial
body)
the
minutae
the
will
to
it
makes
sense
some of
think
a body.
the
body as the
starting
the
one of
and puts
the
All
four
chapters
this
crucial
footing.
materialist
out
to
on which
the
of
only
is
as the
on a firmly
power
that
prior
there
emerges
Platonism
moves of
that
or pre-given
a becoming-body
nothing
Nietzsche
philosophy,
will
and
stable
In
change".
becomes
But as becoming-body
formations
anything
of
thought
of
reversal.
Probably
the
anti-humanist
new kind
of
it
the
will
stance
from
does
not
seek
to
undo
it.
It
cannot
be overemphasised
human
to
to
the
most
simplistically
the
affirmative
sense
this
impoverished
species.
which
is
perspective
reassuring
confirmation
contrary,
in
the
is
also
materiality
to
Here
displacement
replacement
it
needs
('self'-)excessive
Nietzschean
In
to
its
be emphasised
is
physiological
one
of
the
thinking
or
beyond
Consequently,
the
is
arises
ever
only
the
think
to
most
fundamental
which
-12-
is,
a
identify
is
to
thought
and
to
of
the
petty
physiological
as yet
another
On the
of
of
conception
Platonism,
of
an excessive
incidental.
matter
after
a
(human)
anthropomorphisation
utterly
that
the
impulse
the
of
to
anthropocentrism.
thought,
in
perspective
be taken
anti-materialist
place
for
that
modes
not
radically
an ontology
force,
this
should
the
of
human life
which
proclivity
of
a physiological
overcome.
account
a philosophical
of
by
explain
metaphysical
here
elaborated
or
faculty,
any
of
a cosmology
or
the
as a constituent
it
no longer
is
power
kind
is
with
entirely
nature
alone
power
miss
its
which
of
to
it
in
aspect
which
seeks
reduce
concerns
ignored
thought
recognisable
world,
most
as
intrinsically
implications
of
not
merely
all,
a
a vulgar
materialism.
the
philosophical
with
one of
namely
to
of
The issue
of
Nietzschean
task
of
rethinking
the
determine
the
which
have
historically
exceeds
and,
importantly,
that
of
experience.
This
implies
deficient,
that
it
can
another
explanatory
instance
of
all
materiality.
impositions
on the
deficiency
idealist
thinking
physiological
is
intrinsically
'itself'
which
As opposed
nature
based
will
to
power
is
the
type
in
this
way.
For
this
reason
the
categories
constituents
terms
of
the
of
categories
of
relation
thought
of
the
body
show the
historical
Nietzschean
thought
out
have
is
roots,
and
transcendental
of
of
is
The
Kant's
aim
contrast
constitution
-13-
Kant's
realm,
and
is
and
that
the
be understood
about
notions
transcendental
will
power
re-thinking
time
his
this
thesis
works,
of
as
matter
can
to
physiological
theories.
matter
the
these
conceived
-
re-thinking
critical
a 'higher'
materialist
that
shown which
of
be
intrinsic
complete
by the
in
another
vulgar
Nietzsche's
of
and to
Nietzsche's
as the
case)
when it
a perpetual
alleged
between
Nietzsche's
to
this
which
comparison
undergone
in
to
both
itself,
precede
self-transcending
with
our
produced.
perspective
concerning
or
The radicality
can be brought
two-world
and
recourse
say
excesses
is
matter
presupposition
auto-production
physiology
the
the
to
to
to
the
explore
be located
materiality,
on the
in
experience
import.
physiological
of
thinking
of
relation,
non-causal
considerable
by
supplements
self-excessive
(of
that
be understood
only
to
is
set
been understood
experience
than
to
experience,
to
realm
that
has traditionally
prior
logically
bound up with
closely
transcendental,
philosophy
that
These
experience.
tasks
central
is
physiology
Kantian
'reality'
is
of
them
also
of
of
transformations
the
post-metaphysical
is
of
therefore
to
Nietzsche's
preconceptions
with
productivity
the
beyond
all
in
Nietzsche
Since
is
his
often
a purely
secular,
overlooked
is
justification
and
the
or
fact
proof
thought
which
formally
way in
which
any
two-world
strata
which
is
fundamentally
this
any
traditional
repeat
the
the
key
lesser
in
be diminished
in
other
('real')
world
between
one stratum
inhibited
productivity,
and which
enjoys
elements
is
itself
dualistic,
Thus,
though
Kant's
tenets
of
previous
speculative
of
Platonism.
Insofar
fundamental
in
the
structures
on the
predicated
possibility
former
which
of
of
since
which
break
the
in
divested
to
the
type
which
the
the
realm
of
of
the
of
important
will
of
the
of
which
is
is
this
It
two
the
it
is
the
two
the
is
worlds
located
as suffering
is
one which
is
of
nihilistic.
unproduced
essential
that
dismisses
it
the
is
system
critical
themselves,
back
is
all
to
Plato.
identified
the
latter
the
produced,
entirely
of
conditions
objects
the
participates
still
of
idealism
transcendental
stretches
Furthermore,
with
the
human
productivity
significant
is
human productions.
Nietzsche
the
as profoundly
all
the
structures
between
themselves
productivity
effect
those
values
between
anthropomorphic,
philosophy
productions
activity,
further
in
is
its
productivity,
of
God that
Because
theology,
as the
not
which
transcendental
of
has
this
To this
synthetic
productive
a tradition
with
realm
faculties
reduced
are
of
emphatically
and those
but
in
implicit
or
systems.
philosophy
experience
of
fundamentally
are
does not
objects
belief
higher
distinction
theoretical
too
and produced,
theistic
critical
all
theism.
which
of
even
however,
unproduced.
another,
characteristic
such
What is,
of
power,
productivity
undiminished
that
'fallen')
as passive
as against
accepted
overt
as well
productive
which
widely
participation
distributes
its
is
notion
('apparent',
to
distribution
the
not
theistic,
thought
the
is
but
theory
the
it
god,
philosophy.
it
philosophies,
projection
of
that
of
theistic
In
death
non-theistic
of
mark
the
pronounces
contrasts
to
aspect
14-
power
of
are
which
a physiological
thinking
understood
as an ongoing
is
that
it
envisages
a
without
production
and hence
a producer
liberated
a nature
from
all
anthropocentrisms.
A further
question
animates
(the
Platonistic
the
death
critique
are,
and specifically
critique.
The
contention,
that
with
of
four,
is
which
begins
further
'god'
of
death
to
of
Another
it
as immanent
of
self-overcoming
immanent
critique,
claim
is
that
process
critique
issues
in
Nietzsche's
physiological
in
the
context
This
concerns
the
of
the
discussion
thought
and
the
economic
or
materialist
aspects
separated
in
the
way
they
are
throughout
the
from
Plato
to
Kant.
Insofar
as Nietzsche's
aspect
in
the
thought
of
and a materialist,
economic
Nietzsche
to
is
able
heal
anti-materialist
thinking
on the
the
terrain
of
the
of
eternal
which
physiological
is
the
the
the
to
power,
crucially,
will
same
up by the
violently
he is
to
able
do so
both
incorporating
of
capable
no longer
are
of
opened
and,
physiology,
recurrence
them,
of
chapters
encompasses
between
Platonism
in
thinking
of
rift
be fully
only
tradition
philosophical
thought
the
thinking.
thinking
the
in
element
of
(especially
Nietzschean
in
temporal
a temporalising
can
below
that
be
the
physiological
mode of
fact
Platonism
claims
of
of
chapter
can and must
The
this
stretching
of
unexamined
this
project
throughout
hitherto
of
one and four).
in
the
effects
on the
particularly
'god'
of
the
what
theory)
the
effect
comprehended
version
is
encompass
themselves.
radicalisation
two-world
substantiated
the
radicalised
rationality
dissertation
on Kant's
become explicit
to
this
which
aspects.
A final
discusses
concerns
point
explicitly
Nietzsche's
comprehension
thought
because
the
of
notion
repetition/2
I take
in
passing.
which
is
most
it
is
intrinsically
resistant
15-
this
which
to
be the
to
any traditional
unsubsumable
this
element
to
text
only
of
notions
the
categories
of
of
the
Although
understanding.
Nietzsche's
in
importance
tangentially,
and
eternal
of
reproduction
this
type
is
instead
thought
of
repetition
that
sense
appears
as
oriented
the
that
it
any
extent
thinking.
as
of
productive
same thematises
utterly
as
the
same,
identities,
also
in
as the
the
which
identities,
same.
which
is
repeated.
least
at
to
identities
of
Insofar
is
in
productive
as a by-product,
and,
assumption
project
the
which
'itself'
on the
and
'itself'
reproduces
bearing
difference
substantial
it
on it
seeming
nothing
process
be pointed
both
touches
all
is
repetitious
the
precedes
of
the
towards
a becoming
central
only
difference.
productive
there
as
has
physiological
self-differing
is
repetition
of
study
the
of
indisputably
present
repetition
recurrence
is
the
Nietzsche's
thinks
thought
philosophy,
to
only
of circumscribing
Nietzsche
this
produces
a Platonistic
It
the
what
thinking
to
than
rather
In
the
of
play
difference.
It
of
must
that
repetition,
are only
ever
too
it
the
that
out
are
In
other
processes.
immediate
for
a non-metaphysical
matter
its
model
temporalising
incidentally
reproduces
leads
also
On a 'hermeneutic'
the
textual
repetition
specific
of
issues
of
both
selective
and that
first
third
or
of
undergoes
set
readings
note,
effects
it
to
Kant
in
with
no claims
Critique
or of
for
which
basic
Kantian
Nietzsche's
and Nietzsche
in
repetition
this
which
is
what
which
by interlacing
the
most
differential,
less
and more or
reproduction
the
reading
in
a becoming-body
a form
such
formations.
bodily
using
of
displaced
constantly
words,
reproductive
an instance
self-differing
a perpetual
marks
stabilities
relative
is
body
model,
my aim
critical
text
writings.
this
thesis
which
are
a comprehensive
Nietzsche's
-16-
notes
It
carried
in
follows
concerns
show
terms
of
the
from
this
very
itself
out
here
interpretation
are
to
has
made.
been
that
the
are
highly
of
the
Before
we can
a brief
note
turn
to
detailed
the
discussions
on the
nature
case
that
on one level
the
nature
obviously
the
Nietzsche
concerns
of what
constitutes
striking
difference
validity
of
a philosophical
thought
is
as absolute
explains
in
the
"Weil
die
zur
System
macht ."
texts
between
their
of
the
two
system
of
unity
is
science,
i. e.
turns
a mere
to
Kant
(loc.
into
a system,
merely
'rhapsodic'.
For
Kant
the
guarantees
through
is
the
Enlightenment
it
is
that
which
Reason which
infallible
thinking
alone
which
occurs
and
Kant
the
conception
to
the
most
thinkers
is
that
Kant's
belief
in
way of
articulating
This
it.
of
is
from
regard,
the
as Kant
is,
Reason:
was gemeine
Erkenntnis
Aggregat
derselben
ein
vulgar
knowledge
into
aus
bloßen
einem
first
which
turns
into
it
of
aggregate
Reason
without
which
Reason,
and the
and
and consequently,
to a systematic
philosophy
reaches
hence
a system.
" (KrV/CPR
that
knowledge
'vulgar'
and
beliefs
of
dogmatic
can lead
to
the
surpasses
the
Dark
of
it
system
the
absolute
it
validity
the
surpass
maturity1s
under
in
reason
that
of
superstitions,
theology.
For
thinking
and to
of
Ages which
is
dictates,
universal
emancipation
systematically
belief
remains
speculative
an intellectual
itself
demands
which
to
possible
it
alone
articulates
movement
is
is
sign
as this
This
It
this
ist,
scientificity,
and unfounded
it
the
required.
In
it
cit)
integrated
prejudices
is
texts
dasjenige
that
be thus
knowledge
here
t. m. )
And according
which
chapters
which
suspicion
d. i.
systematic
which
four
writing.
Pure
Einheit
Wissenschaft,
shift
respective
as Nietzsche's
Architectonic
next
as an appropriate
"Because
A832, B860,
considered
the
a philosophical
systematische
allererst
the
of
the
of
it.
preceded
wanes,
rule
Kant
itself
asserting
the
For
Kant
of
so the
Reason,
adherence
diminishes.
its
pinnacle
in
-17-
Nietzsches
writings
and it
is
on
basis
the
the
of
another
picture
is
as
read
by
"Je
of
sustaining
je
mehr
der
um so
mehr
Kraft
ist
da. "
to
unity
is,
there.
"
(KSA 11,36
It
follows
that
Nietzsche's
form
(which
is
course
should
not
to
implication
is,
positively,
as
to
mechanism,
having
behind
gibt
Systematische
decay,
Köpfe,
fast
aber:
dem wahren
das Chaotische,
erkannten
Sein
vast
Vorurteil
is
in
majority
of
his
and
hence,
it
is
dissected
the
which
only
a defence
ever
to
seeks
moral
protect
itself
impulses
which
implies
a reference
welche
einen
Gedankencomplex
entworfene
Schemata
großen
'Systeme'
anhaften
zum Vorscheine
nur
auf
falschen
komme -kurz
ein
entnommen
aus der
dann
oder
diesem
das
umgekehrt
einer
in
Kant:
hierhin.
gehören
müsse,
which,
to
Übersichtlichkeit,
Ordnung,
Dinge
-18-
note
clearly
Der Selbst-Täuschungen
ist,
requires
following
the
note
writings),
weakness
in
vorher
daß die
is
be considered
should
The deeply
alle
der
that
Unberechenbare
Welt
it
when
life.
läßt.
the
weakness;
force
thinking
in
a
innerlichem
more
which
solche,
sich
es unzählige:
ist
the
by name,
or
Schwäche
man auf
the
especially
a system
are
is,
a body
may deduce
systematicity
against
unification,
t. m. )
Nietzsche
einzeichnen
moralisches
inner
with
with
darf
quite
it
that
one
intellectual
wenn er
Das Grundvorurteil
and
more
the
mentioned
halten,
power
the
but
schematisations
not
to
Differenz,
rigour,
spasm,
Kategorien-Tafeln
- was ein
lacking
an extended
wahrer
unvollständig
as
overcome
schematische
Unordung,
case
For
he is
"Es gibt
the
itself,
for
Varietät,
philosophy,
a system.
such
nach
WM/WP no. 655,
intellectual
difference
Gebiete
1211,
be considered
drive
um so mehr
differentiation,
variety,
of
Einheit,
Drang
urge
will
the
force:
zur
more
or
the
that
physiology
differentiation
ist
urge
as
an exhaustive
Drang
the
power
of
der
greater
für
unity,
a weakening
"The
although
Here
itself.
undiminished
Zerfall,
lie
to
its
schließen;
against
will
demonstrates
größer
recourse
the
of
presents
a symptom
conversely,
thinking
thought
die
oder
Irrtum
Tatsache,
sei-:
daß der
Berechenbares
und im Ganzen etwas
ist
ganz
es aber
sich
verhält.
heads,
such
as consider
"There
are
schematic
can
be inscribed
The
categories.
'systems'
belong
clarity,
the
systematic
the
known
world
has
all
something
that
the
model
civil
which
this
division
innumerable
point
to
"
(KSA
'the
with
their
atmosphere
-
that
the
truthful,
trustworthy
of
either
this
work
Kant
project,
such
of
a
of
is
is
necessarily
Nietzsche.
has grown
Nietzsche's
that
a systematic
of
on the
other
and
in
in
indebted
But
has been redolent
as such
the
for
and,
it
Nechlaß1&.
me to
moreover,
agreement
intellectual
of
is
hand,
some respects
unqualified
the
that
Platonistic
effect
impossible
imply
another
echoes
found
be
as can
It
to
fact
Platonism,
dissertation
-19-
in
and the
is
the
itself
overcoming
or
a
all
prescription
impulse,
a moral
is
this
and
or
be proven
all
as opposed
whom I am exclusively
not
this
to
is
which
maxims,
at
as an error,
perspectives.
does
a writer
cannot
things',
philosophical
that
to
any one figure
it
of
The implication
writing1*,
a false
in
an error-:
order,
all
order,
is
only
from
the
almost
m. t. )
project
towards
innumerable:
of
it
of
on Platonism.
many philosophical
which
191,
being
follows
be self-evident
in
that
and then
'worlds'
reading
appears
11,40
true
appears',
oriented
of
only
incalculable
according
a non-systematic
the mention
things,
behaves
modes of
amalgam of
of
Yet
Nietzsche's
should
being
the
pedantic.
thinking.
It
true
to
and
a philosophical
requires
that
a man of
of
all
is:
being
articulation
at
prejudice
of
reflections
times
basic
the
between
of
the
fact
servant.
'only
But
the
things
tables
or
are
from
of
schemata
true
more
area
derived
in-itself
world
a thought-complex
-in
habit
diesem
nach
this
attach
Nun
pflegt.
in
chaotic,
calculable
The contrast
to
Dinge
Maximen,
"
short,
prejudice,
human being
this.
have
disorder,
incompletely
moral
to
der
zu sein
der
designed
previously
self-deceptions
great
conversely
in
Ordnung,
und Pedantisches
Muster-Beamten
eines
when
Mann der
daß das Ansich
unbeweisbar,
Rezepte
it
Mensch ein
zutrauenswürdige
wahrhaftige
Heidegger,
the
Deleuze
to
and,
a lesser
respective
responses
markedly.
Although
any explicit
to
this
have
work.
Equally,
cited
in
in
resulted
the
of
of
Kant
and
This
is
based
on the
challenges
for
tradition'
'the
is
deeply
parasitic
responses
to
a completely
unwieldy,
monstrously
it
them in
Nietzsche
thinking
termed
the
their
of
my aim throughout
texts
despite
dissertation
bibliography,
select
Klossowski,
many important
although
a discussion
Finally,
is
what
consideration
would
include
degree,
this
secondaries
their
have differed
so
on their
thought,
raised
here
bloated
body of
have been read
and are
been impossible
to
study.
offer
which
cast
would
that
that
points
has unfortunately
has been to
assumption
the
fact
their
today.
-20-
readings
a new light
texts
still
of
the
primary
on their
present
work.
the
greatest
THE SURGE OF PHYSIOLOGY
Überzeugungen,
"Unsere
heiligsten
Unwandelbares
in Hinsicht
unser
Werte sind
Urteile
der obersten
Muskeln. "
unserer
"Our most sacred
is unalterable
for
that
convictions,
which
us as
the highest
regards
values,
are Judgements
of our muscles. "
(KSA 13,11 ( 3761 ), WM/WP no. 314, t. m. )
I. The Principle
Substance
of
"Whole
were
which
awaited
and serene
in
time
the
objects
was the
light
us
were
vision.
Pure
walking
sepulchre
oyster
to
This
dirge
its
shell
."
another
and
revealed
and
pure
whole
and
to
in
us
a body,
(Phaedrus
250b, c)
and
light
to
which
we are
evils
changeless
that
of
the
mystic
of
the
bound
like
an
pollution
the
myth of
fallen
souls
in
is
preceded
by his
proof
of
the
soul's
immortal,
nature
(245c
246a).
-
immortality
is
it
is
perpetually
but
that
motion
its
immediately
capacity:
self-moving
the
parts
of
the
body,
preceding
it.
It
is
uncreated
because
it
is
self-moving
it
cannot
cease
to
is
clear
that
every
turn,
this
'proof'
Since
the
we from
were
we call
unspotted
the
of
and indestructible
moves
come,
by all
unspotted
account
uncreated
which
festival,
ends Socrates'
It
by
to
which
Phaedrus.
proven
that
we who celebrated
Its
is
in
motion,
not
itself
exist
it
in
self-creating
is
that
caused
by
its
motion.
its
negating
without
the
own
nature.
It
absolute
here
passivity
identified
incapacity
it
as to
the
is
tone
the
appears
author
of
of
horror
as
those
little
sentiments
the
motion,
is
predicated
the
passage
of
this
this
which
more
than
it
if
quoted
idea
of
suppurating,
a chute
is
very
not
above
the
the
the
soul,
notion
of
on the
body's
with
soul.
leaves
little
endowed
which
it
soul:
foetid
towards
on according
has
matter,
extinction,
to
body
doubt
be devised
the
to
body,
instils
which
in
the
lines.
Some two thousand
the
that
activity
value
ultimate
here
with
relies
extent
the
self-caused
the
cope with
to
even
entirely
for
But
at
remain
years
later
the
tone
unabated:
_22_
has calmed
considerably,
even
if
"Bei
Wechsel
allem
Quantum
derselben
"In
change
all
is
nature
This
of
is
der
of
Kant's
first
'Analogies
Analogies
is
"Experience
connection
relation
and
this
thus
constitutes
under
which
term
(ein
formulation
judgements
Drittes)
in
in
highest
principle,
are
is
which
a synthetic
for
the
the
section
is
Analogies
which
attention
to
the
theory
time
nexus
temporality
above
Experience,
said
to
the
enable
representation
types
of
causality
Analogies.
fundamental
will
which
is
of
representation
experience.
finds
different
three
representation
which
and reciprocity.
We can now pick
agreement
(or
up the
collusion)
which
deals
with
their
term,
the
"medium
third
time
than
the
of
connection
general
articulations,
in
this
namely
an introductory
with
-23-
of
of
there
such
are
a
three
substance,
the
to
which
sees
Platonic
is
perceptions
remark
an argument
certain
Analogies
that
the
overtly.
demand for
this
to
as
as well
thematise
of
thread
of
The
itself.
them
in
criterion,
a third
pay particular
principle
So much for
aspect
and
general
fulfil
temporal
subject
production
though,
Analogies
of
they
fact,
the
a temporal
association
implicit
a necessary
case
for
therefore
of
In
each
The
demand
which
the
the
of
the
other
follow
natural
formulation
nothing
first
the
representation
of
necessary
the
In the
in
of
of
and
is
principle
This
of
A176, B218).
at,
readings
of
the
looked
ß1'93f).
permanence
principle
through
here
the
section
now being
A154f,
of
the
explicitly
(in
KrV/CPR
in
the
judgement
in
of
(KrV/CPR
terms
quantum
principle
only
general
"
A182, B224)
of
judgements"(ibid)
synthetic
the
vermindert.
its
The general
demanded
of
noch
das
und
"(KrV/CPR
occurs
possible
(Verknüpfung)
Substanz,
permanent;
the
of
perceptions"
a reiteration,
predicate
all
is
of
is
which
die
vermehrt
Experience'.
of
connection
necessary
weder
diminished.
nor
Analogy
entitled
of a necessary
Natur
formulation
Critique
that
beharret
substance
increased
the
of
der
appearances
course
substance
in
wird
neither
of
Erscheinungen
strands.
Kant
in
is
It
perhaps
immediately
riot
and Kant's)
(Plato
in
are
that
obvious
the
any way related.
In
initially
involve
will
be established.
This
will
the
quote
from
but,
on a more subterranean
Kant
directionality
to
have
impetus
or
this
of
principle
immediately
proceeds
hand,
the
of,
on the
hand,
a priori
under
the
latter.
intuition
-
had
already
been
equally,
that
of
the
categories
What
is
of
the
demonstration
imagination
which
sensibility
connection
the
meaning
of
sense,
project
will
also
of
The particular
is
independence
of
modes
of
character
imposed
of
their
of
of
time
the
Transcendental
subsumption
form
Aesthetic
and,
the
Transcendental
this
stage
of
the
first
their
combination
in
general
in
the
Critique
by
the
provided
the
is
the
faculty
of
term
median
Doctrine
of
Judgement
of
subsumption
is
to
the
Analogies
(as of
in
Hence
the
which
be shown in
of
for
A124, B151).
(KrV/CPR
Deductions
the
of
a priori
- as pure,
in
Transcendental
the
to
this,
of
modes
of
in
formation
conceptual
means
implications
objects
subjective
perception
A19, B33)
by the
on them
According
revolution.
the
on the
(KrV/CPR
understanding
of
the
and,
general
of
principle
intuitions
in
possibility
and
by
respect
of
in turn.
each category
Critique)
at
the
Kant
to which
substance
necessitated
possibility
in
shown
required
the
this
the
of
empirical
of
The apriority
already
Kant now launches
possibility
is
be proven
understanding
and
one
concepts
former
Deductions.
permanence
ourselves,
What is
KrV/CPR
the
out
the
Platonic
the
as we remind
pure,
to
the
of
A137f).
the
drawing
level,
is,
heterogeneity
initial
matter,
from
follows,
what
above
be shown.
The proof
other
derives
it
two statements
(which
that
Kant
what
calls
are
of
-24-
do not
exist
in
or,
for
that
The
apriority
for
instance
perception
a consciousness.
'receptivity',
now re-thought
first
Copernican
Kant's
experience
their
the
of
all
as
the
forms
of
formal
of
at
their
intuition,
sensible
to objects
of
constitutes
the
experience
qua objects
revolutionary
space
The Analogies
time
and
keeping
this
prerequisite
developed
main
points
The major
first
of
the
critical
is
than
time
succession
these
-
"representation
the
introductory
But necessity
the
but
experience.
made possible
required
to
the
by the
have
the
of
turn
with
all
appearances
is
merely
namely
that
the
(KrV/CPR
there
is
A183, ß226).
co-existence
perceptions",
A176, B218,
(KrV/CPR
Analogies
in
a priori
constituents
temporal
modes of
form
of
inner
intuition
character
of
permanence.
co-existence
which
this
in the
of
and succession
in
and
the
articulated
of
time
which
of
of
the
in
are
originate
_25_
the
Kant's
which
second
] connection
the
tenets,
given
can never
the
a more
(KrV/CPR
substance
in appearances,
only
by
summarise
relations
which
to
of
be taken,
prejudices,
temporal
(temporal!
to
ideality
simply
shall
the
oldest
in
section
my insertion).
Thus
but
modes within
a necessary
empirical,
them),
co-existence
as the
I
and succession
be perceived
are
of
demanded by the
are
namely
that
philosophy's
to
in
which
to
permanence
Copernican
one of
objects
proceeding
two previously
to
intuition
Before
the
appertaining
of
the
them
of
underway,
of
transcendental
proof
of
what
it.
the
of
referred
understand
result
can only
of
Analogy,
is
Appearances
realm
mind.
of
gets
is
wishes
out
time
modes of
Kant
developed
the
to
I
as
Kant's
prior
is
objects
as objects
on this
in
appertain
time.
and
as
first
the
of
This
itself
reiteration
only
space
constantly
of
philosophy
(rather
them.
to
and this
reversal,
produced
predicated
argument,
premise
which
and through
of
this
logically
exist
nature
reading
of
B224f)
time
be thought
Instead,
of
are
be comprehended,
only
A182,
and
entirely
can
fully
the
are
character
intuition
ideal
transcendentally
can no longer
attributes.
of
in
receives
sensibility
as their
experience
time;
and
space
and time,
space
context
are
is
only
The minor
premise
be perceived.
That
is
to
say
ideality
be the
object
of
not
since
the
to,
and never
even,
strictly
of
status
apart
to
The conclusion
which
this
and that
time,
necessary,
form
to
underlie
or
succession
allows
the
understanding
a concept
by means
argument
from
the
point
of
the
interaction
of
in
place'.
the
first
Although
established
implications,
itself
the
the
by the
view
of
two
first
some of
so
is
prima
facie
entirely
Critique,
it
nonetheless
highlight
its
metaphysics.
-26-
as
position
appearances
temporal
relations
that
substance
only
to
provide
to
regulated
the
within
the
former
sums up the
and the
latter
from
the
harmonious
say,
which
prove
fact
was this
troublesome
in
the
and hence
faculties
which
which
it
that
an a priori,
indicating
thereby
namely
of
sensibility
understanding,
argument
and some of
Platonistic
of
or
of
it
to
to say
articulation
a substrate
Needless
is
that
temporal
by the
which
of
can be thought.
extension
view
permanence
that
empirical
a change
observable
to
prior
but
be found
assumption
secondly
and
alone
must
empirically
of
time
of
the
which
its
be tautological
themselves,
general
in
transcendental
the
A182, ß225),
by the
attribution
in
point
in
its
cannot
as being
succession,
in
itself
definitional)
is
in
time
would
(KrV/CPR
substance
firstly
demanded
for
and
this
say
experience
be perceived
time
is
co-existence
of
premises
permanence,
of
transcendentality
accorded
be observed.
is
in
is
can
substratum
time
can
(to
appearances
represents
that
simply
only
from
these
is
perception
cannot
features
of
not
co-existence
abstraction
concurrence
that
object
speaking,
in
substratum
the
of
A182, B225)
that
all
itself
determinations
or
(KrV/CPR
coherent
for
to
task
Analogy's
in
the
the
prove
framework
certain
carries
the
critical
within
the
project
trajectory
of
a
In
the
explanatory
is
permanent
in
itself,
the
paragraphs
to
this
of
the
empirical
substratum
which
determination
all
A183, B226,
t. m. ) and "Permanence
correlate
of
existence
all
(ibid,
"
concomitance.
itself,
one
succession
would
explicitly
stated
permanence
and
time
of
keine
ist
"
(ibid,
in
its
time
time
oder
unserm
Anschauung
keine
Gestalt
Analogien
Unendliche
ausmacht,
Eigenschaften
einigen,
jederzeit
der
Zeit
äußern
"Time
die
daß
is
selbst
Anschauung
intuition
of
ourselves
determination
state.
replace
but
etc,
And just
this
progressing
outer
of
want
to
in
b)
in
the
Zustandes.
weil
suchen
auch
diesen
das
welcher
ist,
die
zugleich,
erstere
Hieraus
erhellet
durch
der
Zeit,
der
letztern
auch,
of
inner
sense,
that
our
inner
state.
For
appearances;
it
belongs
and of
inner
this
in
form
the
which
dem
außer
aber
Vorstellung
an einer
sich
"
lassen.
the
den
die
daß
Reihe
eine
aus
alle
than
ins
eine
Verhältnisse
sei,
der
Mangel
ihre
weil
zu einer
Mannigfaltige
Eigenschaften
kann
Zeit
innre
schließen
und
des
diese
durch
Zeitfolge
die
weder
gehöret
sie
d. i.
Denn
eben
alle
the
following
Sinnes,
innern
Und,
in
with
full:
Zustande.
die
is
6 of
paragraph
concepts',
des
wir
it
be associated
only
Verhältnis
by analogies
infinity
Here
das
Dimension
determines
because
must
to
this
which
sie
vor,
ausdrücken
other
in
my
emphasis).
,
bestimmt
stellen
sind.
einander
nothing
position
der
nach
Anschauung
t. m.
sein;
auf
time
another
Erscheinungen
einer
Teile
a succession
innern
Linie
dieser
ascribe
unsers
Linie
von
to
Form
fortgehende
nur
wanted
apriority
dagegen
abiding
and all
die
gibt,
as the
change
als
innern
generally
the
all
-I
und
possible;
"...
of
quote
und
die
(KrV/CPR
these
ersetzen,
zu
"
from
etc.,
in
alone
'Conclusions
occurs
Vorstellungen
time
under
äußerer
Lage
of
But
selbst
unserer
representations
succession.
anders,
nichts
Bestimmung
Gestalt,
think
with
characterisation
Anschauens
to
that
Aesthetic
Zeit
have
also
that
time
appearances,
one
is
stated
is
expresses
"If
be possible.
never
time
of
t. m, ) and
would
Transcendental
"Die
of
it
proof
relation
of
intuition
and represent
the
-27-
manifold
time
is,
neither
a shape
in
representations
yields
the
no shape,
time
constitutes
be the
cannot
to
the
of
sequence
nor
our
inner
we seek
to
by a line
a series
which
one dimension
is
of
all
the
former
properties
simultaneous
successive.
From this
is
intuition
in
an outer
Analogy,
are
to
If
we recall
that
the
paragraph
four
transcendentality
in
mentioned
the
transcendental
inner
passage
and
the
latter
are
at
also
becomes
when
is
it
is
said
our
inner
according
to
infinity,
least
all),
of
it
used
in
the
sense
designates
transcendental,
indeed
since
what
to
he is
he speaks
of
imposed
misleading
to
a relatively
trivial
sudden
speaking
doing.
of
it
this
use
called
determines
the
it
in
-28-
form
of
of
relation
"because
want
by
represented
by a
here
cannot
refer
that
name. At
bearing
the
employment
of
and
certain
pure
form
Kant
here
seems to
time
in
of
here.
aside,
of
empirical
(Zeitfolge),
the
been introduced
term
time
and
yet
speaking
its
a priori
this
is
and
time
that
by
the
them
on
mean time
succession
is
not
He can only
of
its
chapters
point
from
shift
the
apriority
the
in
mentioned
later
unannounced
time
' analogies'
the
his
to
problems.
in
leave
assume that
several
'Analogy'
such
to
time
since
leaving
the
of
categories
But
establishing
replace
point
sense),
(from
to
have
is
Aesthetic
we seek
the
it
his
contention
text
inner
being
of
Transcendental
succession
restrictions
of
the
the
the
representation
But
in
(under
times
in
it
this
categories
the
all
allow
with
when
that
state.
later
technicus
of
to
comments
underwritten
the
line
A33, B49f, t. m. )
of
refers
incurs
into
the
of
of
this
problematic.
no shape
which
relations
reasonable
the
the
when compared
cited
This
yields
stretching
its
" (KrV/CPR
is
that
clear
all
degrees
just
intuition
terminus
of
it
inner
to the
parts
function
this
(and
the
has the
in
Firstly
while
part
representations
line
parts
second
the
analogies"
the
varying
aspect.
sense
that
time,
of
of
one,
because
onwards)
properties
the
moves which,
first
the
for
intuition.
makes four
here
Kant
from
except
it
itself
expressed
time,
of
are
time
and we infer
only
in
its
employment
its
that
empirical
is
to
if
-
that
is
employment
say one of
the
modes or
he does
however,
since
he says
not
mean empirical
of
of
contentions
determinations
of
not
mean empirical
time
it
that
the
time
he
would
-
empirical
manifold
time
(cf.
KrV/CPR A182, B226).
Zeitfolge
when speaking
of
makes up a series
in
be blatantly
a non-empirical
time
as the
importantly,
the
implication
it,
contradicting
permanent
If,
- and
he may well
his
own later
of
all
is
that
at
least
terms
of
substrate
appearances.
Thirdly
and most
time
'itself'
not
in
the
terms
Thus it
by the
critical
may be inferred
that
time
thought,
that
it
set
representational
altogether
and,
temporal,
as
out
in
all
its
passage
own terms
but
project)
to
translation
its
framework.
one hand Kant
takes
it
away
it
in
terms
of
in
terms
manoeuvre
(or
in
only
the
representation
than
describing
this
mentions
it
sense,
although
a serious
defect,
Kant
and lastly,
this
simultaneity
the
one that
whereas
in
is
the
replaced
translating
inferences
of
line
in
all
or at
positively,
of
representations
time
"allow
of
intuition".
after
that
the properties
dominant
saying
an outer
- nature
that
as
he
transcendentality,
the
rather
unrepresentable
just
that
to
in
for
time's
be observed
a non-
time
expressed
except
must
in
reducing
being
of
it
properly
by again
neutrally
claims
terms,
spatial
though,
as
other
by simply
he then
be thought
only
into
schemas
of
least
space,
representational
to
specificity
outer
of
Here,
can
be subject
cannot
the
gives
with
But fourthly
it
that
prior
as such
escapes
conversely,
representational
of
at
this
as linear2.
space,
with
be represented
cannot
of
the
all
the
properties
representation
of
representation
by succession.
-29-
time
into
the
concerning
from
be
made
can
time
to
time
in
a representation
- essentially
we infer
this,
"...
of
time"(my
of
space
in
spatial
from
emphasis)
simultaneity
terms
is
-
difficult
is
It
to
operation
simplistic
time.
What
might
in
recall
that
the
table
the
table
of
of
which
Kant
of
thought,
by
this
comment
of
concepts
of
the
pure
(KrV/CPR
A70, B95 - the
objects
of
experience
because
categorical
relation
judgement
which
there
clearer
A83),
end of
do not
do not
of
when
is
derived
in
the
logical
merely
they
we
from
latter
functions
lead
to
any
engage
in
the
is
course
of
which
the
same attribute
not
the
said
that
in
its
categorial
represents
nothing
other
Aristotelian
logic
implications
for
than
the
organises
by which
critically
established
In other
time
in
the
of
(Kant)
represented
or
of
time
which
the
the
form
demands
of
encapsulates
of
of
of
that
clear
the
contradiction
belong
time
same
It
this
substance)
which
be
law
of
draws
the
out
same time'
the
'at
requirement
and
may therefore
non-contradiction
of
the
of
is
follows
the
at
(category
a theory
in
law
relation
substance
same respect.
to
contradiction.
to
time
underlie
directly
as sequential
identity,
It
which
the
demand
a permanent
time
thought
the
law
of
simply
cannot
philosophy
critical
category
categorical
employment
transferred
demand for
words,
and
subject
same
of
the
expresses
substantia.
of
to
of
to
accidens
form
belong
representation
the
that
which
centrally
derived
as
general,
foremost
which
classifies
to
the axioms
properties
understanding
which
judgement
is
of
Kant
in
Thus the
the
becomes
the
of
such an utterly
sensibility.
the
which
he terms
be meant
judgements
expresses
according
advocates
what
say those
subject
judgement
at
to
the
the
arrive
is
to
logic,
to
order
account
predicate
of
in
seriously
a systematic
of
from
Thus
Kant
fact
offers
of
operations
that
judgements
that
knowledge
imagine
this
case
results
the
from
the
adherence
of
time,
is
identity
assumed
as originarily
lineally
expresses
-30-
(empirical)
the
given
time
(Aristotle).
as self-identical.
to
We have
the
of
how the
seen
critical
internal
demand time
project
substance
underlying
permanence
of
time
change
of
appearances
all
the
in
all
but
A182, B224f,
(KrV/CPR
manner
to
be thought,
It
is
obvious
basis
of
the
change,
",..
the
time
in
which
remains
and
does
not
change.
time
thought
that
the
of
lead
of)
the
against
heading
the
which
Kant
warns
and especially
in
chapter
the
first
would
the
of
the
Analogy
employment
his
most
on 'Phenomena
A187f,
B230f)
the
nature
of
about
change.
Closely
procedure
issues
(in
from
change
De Generatione
et
by
only
altered
in
-
itself
is
respect
basis
of
the
all.
Whereas
the
the argument,
of their
ß230,
my insertion).
coming
again
to
subjectively
senses,
entirety
be (Entstehen)
come to
be or
that
it
solely
on
can
be perceived
at
alteration
their
of
its
pass
away but
that
-31-
the
do not
into
and
(KrV/CPR
A187,
two modes,
Objects,
of
that
which
which
is
the
qua
affects
our
of
the
ground
some
of
persists
alters
changes'
(Vergehen).
of
purposes
or ceasing
alteration
separates
substance
is
for
that
determinations]
determinations
is
substance,
only
summed up as "all
formal
alteration
but
qua a commencing
away
and
on these
say that
substrate)
and passing
to
seeks
to
from
Aristotle,
following
vociferously
not
is
This
it
is
momentarily,
a change
(one
alteration
or
and only
abstraction
undergo
derived
that
of
reflections
substrate
This
if
Kant
distinguishes
permanent,
alteration
accidentia
[the
state
to
(here
in
Kant
accidentla.
unchanging
determinations.
only
the
substrate
but
alter
its
subject
thought
its
Kant,
of
effectively
the
themselves
that
saying
Corruptione)
his
in
because
and Noumena'.
(KrV/CPR
some common misunderstandings
Aristotle's
change,
transcendent
correct
following
to
causality,
readers
"
transcendentally
under
to
end
on the
thematises
this
heart
as the
as subject
so conceived
Towards
is
not
the
at
be posited
be conceived
were
categories
to
itself
Kant
throughout
does
cannot
which
shortly
reversals
Change occurs
itself
t. m. ).
the
of
as permanence
appearances.
time
Kant
of
requirements
modes
their
of
does
that
alteration,
itself
not
following
observations:
'the
-
oak is
determinations,
the
tree'
crucial
This
oak is
now an acorn'
it
is
articulations
in
space
although
arrested
time
becoming,
'the
-
formal
and time,
of
the
substance,
matter
itself,
the
consecutive
states
we perceive
into
one
of
the
an unchangeable
matter
that
of
the
its
essential
constitutes
now a large
underlying
but,
and this
is
does not
come to
be or
it
to
change3.
greatest
triumphs
of
Platonism,
permanent
state
to
have
changes
makes it
which
namely
oak is
the
oak,
constitute
make the
that
clear
itself,
matter
we consecutively
oak' ) undergo
perspective,
which
namely
'the
divested
Platonic
If
now firewood',
the
simultaneously
the
'the
point,
surely
senses,
away.
example
must
our
pass
this
pass away,
affects
be or
(in
substance
have
to
come
which
identification
and
most
it
of
fallenness
be in
the
to
from
repulsive
incessant
with
a Platonistic
in
cosmos.
We can
such
only
begin
to
interrupt
a central
role
in
the
Kantian
is
say
the
values
impetus,
that
by which
mechanisms
appear
to
these
Platonic
trajectory
text,
if
we realise
not
only
its
which
organise
it,
but
also
the
the
values
are
out
played
occupies
which
and through
they
which
self-naturalising.
The impetus
of change
the
universality,
type
viz.
the possibility
of
of
the
object
is
demanded,
important
type
one is
terms
Kant
associates
and which
the
- where
knowledge
which
as it
considered
time,
remains
and
necessity
with
are
of
guarantors
desirability
of
knowledge,
or
correspondence
of
cognition
and
of
values,
of
at
unquestioned.
remains
which
in
the
alone
as long
matter
of
knowledge
mechanisms
clearly
nature
which
and hatred
fear
unpredictable
of
of
is
operations
apriority,
least
Of the
these
the
and of
by
unfixed
behind
perpetuate
division
of
that
becoming
-32-
series
into
the
object
the
which
most
becomes,
or
to
ceases
rather
becoming,
to
now reduced
than
other
nothing
become as a result
truly
effected
the
which
amounts
changes
"pure'
process,
into
distinct
exists
as
It
should
entities
the
rate
of
it
and
changes,
assimilated
momentous
leap
or
- without
being
prepared
never
requirements
KrV/CPR
A7, BID
predicate
would
judgements,
unknowable)
in what
first
is
obliquely
only,
upon
a
matter
to as 'time'
we refer
an object
and the
be approached
gradually,
cannot
a previously
it
forgets
for
-
is
only
which
Instead
it
for
law
of
identity
loc. cit.
).
Instead,
calls
it,
KrV/CPR B13)
not
be the
a playful
repetition
the
for
formal
search
as happens
and
the
relation
(as is
the
another
of
a lapse
could
formal
the
repeat
(Erweiterungsurteil
the
in
case
unknown
and
subject
of
analytic
here
(but
may be projected
and sought
the
to
a priori
though,
requirements,
for
or
quest
central
conditions
of
perspective
in
the
judgements.
a priori
conception
be learnt
consciousness
such
would
ground
it
which
a sudden
of
to
approximated
the
in
in
itself.
judgement
that
of
time
self-possessed
or expansive
in
conception
a matter
rather
proposition.
synthetic
such a non-Platonic
of
into
division
which
namely
division
non-Platonic
in
=X
change
this
It
analytic
such
that
time.
(as Kant
which
self-overcoming.
from
KrV/CPR
of
from
which
cf.
Critique,
Apart
that
over
no more than
possibility
which
a synthetic,
of
the
and for
a proposition
be a merely
of
its
is
it
of
of
means
knowledge)
a subject
know
its
(of
time
This
and
of
not
lapse
words,
thing,
same
time.
itself
an object
does
cannot
otherwise
from
which
freed
is
other
the
be emphasised
perhaps
which
exists
to
of
and the
move,
conceived
becoming
of
imposition
a process
becoming,
In
separation
by the
or,
and lineally
change
precisely
this
of
of
becoming
instance
notebooks:
-33-
in
the
which
opens
be
approached
can
up
this
from
passage
Nietzsche's
begreifen:
"Zu
Daß alle
Gesamt-Werturteilen
nicht
nur
lebendig
d. h.
Werturteils
das
Rätsel,
eine
Fragezeichen
das
Tier
'Mensch'
cooperated
in
comprehensive
judgements
that
predominance:
that
of
all
misery
has
remained
present
become
of
par
the
has
of
humanity
from
decadence
of
the
Judgement
12271,
(KSA 13,11
Here
the
is
unduly
light
the
But for
instant
the
of
consummation
designated
gained
the
consequences
Such
a comprehensive
question
animal
hitherto
all
instincts,
the
decadence
that
poses
such
a comprehensive
mark
par
excellence,
for
the
philosopher.
very
far
riddle
can
removed
from
the
instant
and,
is
formulated
those
decay
and disease.
of
passage
of
reading
and other
moment it
remarks
must
title
by itself
of
relevant
of
to
from
"
-34-
in
terms
parts
of
s like
it.
itself
is
only
can
up.
the
This
preoccupied
lapse
of
of
physiological
of
these
two
anticipating
the
say that
exercise
any Platonistic
the
of
without
be opened
'physiology',
of
out
Nietzsche'
suffice
lapsing
consciousness's
becoming
the
site
The significance
be drawn
yet
not
can
to
be perceived
even
it
by the
value
against
furthermore,
of
the
fight
at
this,
of
in
even
arises
results
continually
has
the
this
of
which
The question
consciousness
aspects
is
that
has
decadence
alive.
basic
disease
and
ones
but
human
the
this
clearly
preoccupations.
occurrences,
its
-"
WM/WP no. 39, t. m. )
from
site
philosophy
that
riddle
essential
to
remained
aberration
value
judgements:
decay
Menschheit
eigentliche
aufgibt
value
degeneration,
residual,
des
das
von
rückständig
Gesamt-Decadence
of
have
only
Elends
der
kind
ist:
gekommen
decadence
excellence,
ruling
herrschend
Gesamt-Abirrung
solche
solche
every
we not
alle
an den
gegenwärtigen
dem Philosophen
that
the
10
Eine
das
have
den
bisherige
ist
the
sogar
Übergewicht
zum
in
sondern
be comprehended:
"To
daß
alles
ist.
geblieben
fortwährend
hat:
Folgezustände
haben,
Grundinstinkten,
ihren
von
die
gegen
Erkrankung
und
decadence
zu kämpfen
Entartung
Verfall
mitgearbeitet
Werturteilen
gewordenen
daß wir
Art
first
Critique
through
such
vision
of
vision,
which
by the
- in
an
the
is
processes
here
of
in
generation
and corruption
treatment
of
tradition,
starts
from
vastly
more sophisticated
these
in
although
an account
gives
is
('nothing
still,
the
assumption
the
ultimately,
without
But
ground').
as we have
seen,
utterly
time
as
linear
(even
as
somewhat
empirical
representation
time
The latter,
terms.
of,
as permanent
comes to
be,
and
and do not
change.
rational
articulation
in
is
distinct
terms
than
was ever
done before,
sufficient
reason
critically
the
point
of
view
of
the
perpetual
der
brechen
muß".
one
As opposed
to
promises
and as such
physiological
a moral
man absolut
Platonistic
finds
is
its
preserved.
be viewed
than
rather
To
of
matter.
and
a prejudice
of
(KSA 13,11
view
of
possibility
equally
thought
the
time
of
a philosophical
and matter
corruption
which
of
the
register
-35-
is
-
as
impositions.
term
because
with
11341, WM/WP no. 559)
unfettered
-a
idea
dogmatic
by idealist
orientations
and a physiological
-a
experiment
viewing
dogmatische
- eine
themselves"
in
absolutely".
dogmatic
a
the
time
reason:
a constitution
break
such
level,
matter
entities
a habit
mit
on one
and
should
transformations
an sich
which
fuses
distinct
eine
to
of
of
haben"
has
symptomatic
why existence
Beschaffenheit
have
In this
status
this
a thing
assumptions
time
while
but
that
indivisible
away,
these
nothing
""Things
physiology
to
reason
from
Vorstellung,
transcendental
obvious
preservation
die
of
and
being
the
""Dinge,
fiction)
of
of
biased
of
originary
view
a metaphysically
status
the
of
is,
the
of
point
former
of
admits
is
ontology
representation
view
the
the
reinscribed
upon the
passes
from
prefer
of
commonsensical
which
no immediately
are
implicitly
Thus the
and,
there
According
and
beings
that
a necessary
a time
persist
But there
of
Kantian
philosophical
principle
it
the
the
dependent
as
from
manner
following
this
unchangeable.
for
exists
different
an entirely
is
deeply
manner
in
no longer
posited
which
in
it
opposition
to
seek to
divide
into
and in
dependence
essentially
nature.
in
nature
of
(beyond
related
terms),
its
revelling
merely
signifies
the
generation
entities'
flare
Kant
matter
physiology
the
up and explode
himself
primary,
whose sole
Instead,
had
an intimation
because
generation
continuous,
schemas
oppositional
of
there
is
narrow
conceptual
self-overcoming
for
which
corruption
of
in
which
'distinct
self-overcoming
the
again
with
that
this
of
he remarked
that
"...
in
mere
succession
[without
permanent
substance]
is
always
in
insertions).
-36-
speed
would
abolition
[ extension
upon
self-expenditure
in
the
magnitude
morality
oppositionally
of
least
the
processes
of
effect
the
impose
does not
confines
-
has
to
celebrated
catastrophic
existence
thought
physiological
is
purpose
this
of
be the
a non-transitory
the
vanishing
time]"
(KrV/CPR
lightning.
-
for
him
substratum
when
of
time
as
commencing
and
never
substrate
and
now
A183, B226, t. m.
,
my
II. The Transcendental
In
the
the
in
Idea
previous
actus
we saw how,
section
of
subsumption
Kant demonstrates
the
Substantiality
of
the
of
and how it
leads
when the
pure
concept
of
Thus
transcendentality
inner
sense.
Kant,
a proven
which
(in
its
application
judgements
of
knowledge.
When the
as the
the
fact
becoming
Critique
nature
of
reason.
reason,
it
can
impulses
itself,
For
within
that
extent
dominate
they
that
Reason,
such
would
faculty
is
which
(KrV/CPR A299, B356),
the orderly
comparison
economising
of
its
number; 11 (KrV/CPR
of the
reason.
representations...
are
concept
of
that
is
is
central
it
pure
concerned
"...
with
to
the
formation
one
hand
pure'
fact
formally
process
the
circumscribe
described
of
from
the
of
for
of
derived
characterisation
is,
faculty
of
upon a'
of
domain
entire
in
mutual
conflict
to
such an
they
were
each
the
dual
designates
as
other
out
if
the
faculty
of
principles
of
provisions
This
concepts
concepts
-37-
our
them to
of
two
to
law for
subjective
that
understanding,
the
smallest
' economising'
takes
place
is
peculiar
to
those
the
of
operations
the
a "...
a principle
may reduce
of
that
say
was on the
in
substance
form
same time.
such
knowledge
to
pure
'reason'
described
with
only
the
the
that
are
one and the
all
in
substance
be said
cancel
effectively
the
",
to
which
t. in. ).
"...
was
Kant's
A306, B362,
And whilst
activated
itself
preliminarily
the
of
is
change)
claiming
concepts
syllogisms,
understanding]
from
without
contains
concept
of
of
from
in
categories),
as permanent
namely
variously
under
time
thought
at
intuition
assumption
(of
a faculty
(briefly,
the
this
least
at
knowledge
of
sensibility)
a subject
of
and necessity
understanding,
becoming
sec. D,
first
the
domain
of
understanding
to
of
of
(above,
the
the
of
separation
imposition
to
the
manifold
universality
substance
in
in
which
general
synthetic
(here
unity
of pure reason
by
possible
of
of
(transcendental
by means
ideas)
are
conditions
with
the
in
"
(KrV/CPR
general.
brackets).
square
in
concerned
the
case
of
concepts
of
the
pure
understanding,
employment,
the
apriority
transcendental,
The Transcendental
of
either
Analytic
of
be shown by demonstrating
synthetic
judgement
can never
to
the
beyond the
mere concept
formation
of
experience,
the
namely,
does
these
principles
Now the
object.
it
"...
nature
it
understanding)
(equally,
with
question
"
to
understanding
A306, B363).
directed
to
transcendentality
of
ideas,
is
there
and are
the judgements
regulatively
of
not
the
derived
logical
to be proven.
judgements
could
and necessary
but
alone
intuition
with
merely
posed
as
fact
that
in
order
it,
in
it
to go
the
contained
in
regards
reason,
and
principles...
the
in
in
that
(like
the
that
what
possession
of
such
principles
) but
this
and
-
is
what
the
that
this
belief
is
erroneous.
The
status
for
pure
transcendental
objects
cannot
it
their
be in
concepts
constitutive
knowledge
-
claim
But the
anything
to
show
put
in
resides
because
to
is
(KrV/CPR
concepts
to
not
synthetic
must
because
are
are
the
associate
a priori
experience!
can legitimately
corresponds
and to
object
in
as much as
as regards
a universal
An analogous
Dialectic
them or,
task
which
Transcendental
to
this
of
itself
illusory
is
forms
believes
is
concepts
a priori)
reason
it
of
concepts
of
respect
group
predicates
consist?
dual
in
that
all
reason,
merely
a priori
of
they
from
the
contain
of
be derived
(equally
of
ideas
not
synthetic
principle
the
and
itself
set
The possibility
of
and insertion
case
their
concept
my italics
the
in
needs recourse
unity
in
investigated
categories.
A334, B391,
synthetic
And since
the
of
unconditioned
of
experience
or appearances.
of
pure
or
experience
way,
they
do not
of
from
the
-38-
transcendental
in
knowledge
upon them.
reason,
be anything
another
yet
its
but
should
understanding
may
which
contribute
only
and act
organise
The three
of
in
turn
which
relation,
vermittelst
begriffe
wird
reason
auch
es
sich
geben,
Synthesis
der
Glieder
Teile
in
einem
System
of
relation
der
"As many kinds
there
will
unconditioned
hypothetical
major
of
brought
about
judgement
the
judgements
of
of
syllogism),
itself
prior
above,
towards
the
its
es nun
gibt,
die
es wird
drittens
suchen
sein.
are
erstlich
ein
Unbedingtes
zweitens
der
hypothetischen
the
there
in
reason
A304,
B360f).
by
inquiring
is
to
say
whether
one of
the
the
the
of
syllogism
in
its
relation
between
the
But,
faculty
of
Kant
claims,
it
reduce
whether
the
is
premise,
minor
the
in
in
it
of
lies
(of
condition
the
in
the
is
premise,
major
the
itself
is
the
number
constitutes
which
secondly
thirdly
and the
and
an
the
(KrV/CPR
unify
be sought
the
subsumption
to
reason
A323, B379, t. m. )
understanding,
rule
have to
a system
from
of
concepts
" (KrV/CPR
of
the
represents
a subject,
operation
in
understanding
a series,
of
conclusion
attempt
Synthesis
will
synthesis
the
dlsjunktiven
so many pure
towards
that
also
"
parts
or
Vernunft-
reine
der
of
of
Verstand
der
vielerlei
which
firstly
judgements.
so
Subjekt,
einem
in
undertanding
constitutes
searches
and surges
this
respect
own prowess
the
of
unconditioned
In
ideas:
of
conclusion
of
(prosyllogism).
and this
A336, B394).
enjoys
to
represented
reason
its
the
through
reason
at
members
the
syllogism
Thus,
of
the
given
conditioned,
table
categories,
inference
the
the
of
(Urteilskraft)
nature
from
there
through
premise,
by Kant
Reihe,
zu
contribution
the
categories
categorical
synthesis
The initial
in
the
synthesis
disjunctive
formation
the
of
three
vorstellt,
be and hence,
also
the
und
einer
by means of
itself
to
from
arriving
Synthesis
kategorischen
derived
deduced
are
Kategorien
der
are
Verhältnisses
des
Arten
viel
der
reason
how he sees
He explains
"So
concepts
of
reason
through
the
syllogism(s)
(cf.
for
'upwards'
entire
we may say
without
two impulses
finally
-39-
series
of
reason
considering
that
the
mentioned
example
it
KrV/CPR
indulges
demands of
and
critique
a
be strictly
that
knowledge
the
unconditioned
applicable
cannot
constitute
definition
of
sensibility
and understanding.
the
imposition
is
such
eventual
this
upon
obvious
because
search/surge
for
as the
search/surge
this
dual
turn
against
to
in
entrapped
Kant
this
gibt
at
point
eine
also
Vernunft,
menschlichen
Vernunft
Blendwerk
reason)
the
other,
process
effect
the
of
conversely,
as long
Thus,
can
have
been
found.
is
that
reason
must always
accordance
with
its
in
the
down
its
two
mutually
of
reason
nature
if
or,
own nature
fulfill
to
is
it
same time,
but
plays
to
be
character
psychotic
knowledge,
reasonable
even after
die
oder
haben,
in
a bungler
or which
some sophist
people,
but
reason
be lifted
ersonnen
has artificially
exposed
its
deception
it
throw
it
incessantly
times.
" (KrV/CPR
and to
at
all
-40-
um
die
der
nachdem
wir
ihr
wird,
Verirrungen
zu
"
dialectic
entangles
adheres
one which
an
selbst,
und
bedürfen.
to
Mangel
sondern
aufhören
nicht
and unavoidable
instance
hat,
augenblickliche
zu werden
gehoben
reinen
Sophist,
ein
anhängt,
dennoch
unablässig
for
irgend
künstlich
a natural
we have
die
durch
Stümper,
ein
etwa
sich
der
Dialektik
unvermeidliche
unhintertreiblich
sie
thus
which
und
verwirren,
jederzeit
exists
one in
in
zu
und
die
stoßen,
need to
idea
of
reason
scenario.
aufgedeckt
vorzugaukeln,
mislead
the
of
cancelling
an end and,
impossible
is
verwickelt,
selbst
Leute
not
it
natürliche
vernünftige
"There
in
explicitly
eine,
nicht
Kenntnissen,
ihr
because
the
to
implication
act
mutually
upon
by
when he writes:
considerably
"Es
an idea
movement
the
a schizophrenic
makes
Their
on no actual
demands
contradictory
reason.
carries
way,
another
constitutes
of
to
'upsurge'
imposition
that
order
this
of
Kant's
and conditioned
and this
imposition
in
in
experience
(an idea
brings
itself
it
put
a corollary
for
experience;
unconditioned
in
be admitted,
nature
of
of
as constituted
an actual
inherent
the
it
But
process
impulse
objects
an object
precisely
of
self-assertive
contradictory
is
an object
to
only
pure
of
reason,
himself
through
conceived
to
human reason
lack
confuse
and
unalterably
not
still
will
into
momentary
A298, 'ß354f, t. m. )
cease
errors
of
to
which
This
being,
observation
concerning
the
nature
stand
and as if
out
of
alone
this
integrated
into
substance
throughout
But returning
the role
of
Reason'
and
in the
domain
for
has
the
ongoing
the
to
our
in
ask
what
of
current
it,
of
Kant' s treatment
of
it
time
up below
the
and
concept
of
materialism
and
to
the
'Paralogisms
the
critique
of
the
concept
of
substance
out
in
the
first
Critique,
that
delineating
of
Nietzsche's
of
now turn
we must
carried
project
taken
question
significance
reason,
is
But
the
Critique.
overarching
physiology
for
reason
context.
reading
first
must,
of
chapter
of
Nietzsche's
Pure
of
philosophical
physiology.
Here
we must
remind
Critique
is
of
know,
of
Kant
the
finite
that
possibility
namely
contributes,
KrV/CPR A382)
to
'critique'
here
which
In the
demonstrate
reason,
in
unchecked
in
its
taken
in
the
of
the
in
on the
the
knowledge.
its
And as we
them,
as
in
reason
in
conjunction
with
into
the
conditions
of
towards
the
finite
forms
intuition,
of
Kant' s remark,
(cf,
for
instance
and forms
the
subject
proper
of
setting
the
circumference
the
goal
sense
narrow
its
acting
aspirations
essentially
first
as he sees
Just
possible.
the
exercises
constituents,
enquiry
legitimately,
operates
by critique,
principle,
in
negatively
enquiry
historical
in
understanding
to
by
this
detail
which
the
so reason
were,
reason
sections
the
contributes
knowability
establish
as
unfettered
as it
question
becomes
knowledge
knowledge,
of
the
investigates
namely
positively
infinite,
possibility,
whereby
employment,
intuition,
within
the
systematically
processes
that
ourselves
given
that
of
critique,
is
to
seeks
to
general.
'Paralogisms
which
of
unfounded
manifestation
falsely
attributes
-41-
Pure
Reason',
syllogistic
figures
as metaphysics,
various
Kant
forms
ensue
that
of
is
when
as yet
knowability
to
concepts
pure
which
haben...
"Wir
we have
daß
that
in
intuition:
Kategorien...
reine
haben,
shown
where
meaning
founded
not
gezeigt:
Bedeutung
objektive
"...
are
wo ihnen
pure
nicht
in
themselves
them.. " (KrV/CPR
supports
selbst
keine
gar
Anschauung
eine
categories...
no intuition
an sich
ist.
unterlegt
have
"
no objective
A348f, t. m. my
,
omissions).
In
particular,
the
applying
of
pure
pure
of
substance
falls
necessarily
concept
the
are
in
this
unavoidable
of
into
trap
designates
as rational
A343, B401),
is
this
in
first
Kant
(KrV/CPR
Critique
only
traditional
the
as
corollary
'illegitimate'
The branch
he maintains
the
reason
think'.
text,
sole
appears
of
'I
the proposition
Its
paralogisms
manner
metaphysics
the
which
psychology.
'I
transcendental
to
think'
unity
which
of
apperception.
Whilst
it
seems to
be universally
paralogisms
is
chiefly
for
at
A355)
and
the
here
to
draw
instance
for
our
purposes
text
is
in,
itself
at
most
Socrates
least
in
This
issue
arises
of the
First
Paralogism
Gebrauch
ich
daraus
what
schließen
meines
I
am
use
in
Pure
als
to
it
much more
weder
is
this
ways in
which
with
Platonism
dialogue
the
of
the
following
mentioned,
course
such
important
Kant's
of
part
charting
life
it
as
manifests
the
death
from
the
of
soul.
remark
Begriffe
einer
Substanz
denkend
Wesen,
vor
entstehe
und dazu
denkenden
make of
sum,
of
'Critique
Psychology':
ein
Weise
natürlicher
Substantialität
"But
of
ergo
the
eternal
instance
Daß ich,
keineswegs
Phaedo,
nun von diesem
aber
machen.
fortdaure,
for
is
dialogue
the
and celebrating
"Was soll
the
(who
the
out
on the
section
Descartes
cogito
implicit,
clearly
to
a response
the
that
accepted
this
allein
Subjekts
concept
42
-
mich
noch
vergehe,
kann
mir
nutzen...
"
of
vor
selbst
das kann
doch der
a substance?
einen
Begriff
That
I,
ich
der
as a
thinking
being,
either
come to
is
that
the
use to
of
my thinking
subject.
It
is
the
precisely
substance
the
(KrV/CPR
soul
any natural
the
concept
manner
from
the
of
here
to
to
found
the
the
guarantor
of
and
ultimately
of
namely
is
which
forms,
the
of
in
it
and yet
substantiality
A349, t. m. )
mentioned
Phaedo,
the
realm
I can put
which
"
do not
and
I can by no means deduce
away,
'use'
the
of
to
adequacy
in
put
substantiality
myself,
be or pass
only
is
for
persist
the
which
concept
of
belief
that
it
its
purity
course
is
the
and its
its
of
immortality.
in
Equally,
in
Psychology'
or
simple
to
the
knowledge
'use'
of
"Jedermann
nur
so
fern
von aller
ausnehmen
kann,
er
"Everyone
is
of
from
which
any
all
the
auch
must
value
matter
latter
frequently
von
the
of
my thinking
die
daß
...
so
und
jederzeit
diese
admit
only
insofar
is
expressed
as:
think'
shown
as not
in
fact
being,
Kant
the
to
plainly
very
sie
von
der
unterworfen
ist...
obiger
thereby
I
exempt
subjected...
the
is
soul
ist
Seele
die
simple
can
distinguish
above
not
corporeal.
sole
text
Satz...
of
this
the
soul
subject
to
dissolution
is
proposition
"
"
körperlich.
nature
the
from
it
Hinfälligkeit
nicht
the
Subjekt
dieses
dadurch
ich
der
Natur
einfachen
folglich
can
the
again
als
of
as
der
von
assertion
consequently
always
'I
sei,
wird:
ausgedrückt
the
the
inference:
Werte
einigem
that
and
soul
Transcendental
of
from
Behauptung
unterscheiden
der
is
of
metaphysical
muß gestehen:
Materie
daher
this
Paralogism
inference
metaphysical
nature
the
Seele
the
which
Second
the
of
incomposite
contributing
states
'Critique
the
A356,
t. m.
,
psychology'
too
(KrVICPR
my omissions).
In other
has no other
words,
this
(implicit)
aspect
purpose
of
'the
than
to
soul.
43
-
establish
of
rational
the
immortality
of
the
This
is
same purpose
Phaedo and it
of
focal
point
for
our
discussion
of
death
as
the
starting
the
imminent
central
of
parts
are
set
during
for
this
dialogue
"...
a man who has
in
cheerful
face
the
in
themselves
the
right
of
be taken
could
in
draw out
the
predominant
To say
that
the
first
claims
dying
death.
a number
of
sense
which
of the
in
its
of
in
own
death.
crucial
lies
in
its
preparation
for
the
finitude
the
first
as one of
its
way that
the
human
of
to
crucial
significance
finite
could
be considered
the
But
this
can
concerned
with
a conceptual
space
be the
since
the
Phaedo is
so centrally
of
the
which
means that
disavowal
of
and much more glorious,
for
makes
anticipated
truth.
fundamental
it
art
constitutes
human finitude.
possibility
would
be to
dissolution
-
of
philosophy
most
the
philosophy
soul,
the
of
this
immortality
or
strands,
predominant
to
case
both
existence,
displays
Critique
most
death
faculties
its
of
sense
sensibility.
- ardently
Socratic
consummation
this
Socrates
The
(64a).
absolutely
and as limitation
throughout
In
a concerted
their
is
and
be
and of
it
ways
philosophy
of
the
emphasising
the
A second,
finds
"
also
one here.
human finitude
precisely
and
dialectic,
of
'proving'
apply
directly
reiteration
not
who really
are
-
clearly
should
philosophy
much
gives
philosophy
those
capabilities
which
to
"...
of
of
life
by
make up the
which
as Socrates
individual
nature
motion
insofar
the
notably
in
set
sense,
be a reminder
in
is
text
another
all,
as mortality
itself
platonic
is
of
could,
this
But death
for
the
for
point
life.
way to
the
here.
his
and
project,
dialogue
day of
(63e)
themselves
the
last
death"
preparing
in
makes this
which
discussions
his
accord
This
the
devoted
really
of
triumph
the
in
intent
The narrative
Socrates;
execution
the motor
that
be overemphasised.
possibly
declared
and even openly
open declaration
The significance
cannot
apparent
this
is
such a suitable
entirely
44
-
the
for
reading
take
them as a celebration
individuated
claims
existence,
a
on the
But Socrates,
the
The significance
of
or
definition
the
argument
description
philosophy
unquestioned
relation
between
body and soul
thousand
body
matter,
worlds'
truth,
least
proof
reason,
falls
is
found
the dependence
a less
constitutes
itself
the
it
this
low,
is
one
of
the
For
of
its
the
that
aspects
this
All
the
to
arrogant
sit
as were
45
-
of
the
and,
conversely,
to show
to
is
say,
to
taken
is
on the
latter
clear
that
this
to
have
been
one.
form
could
claim
for
over
life
itself
and
implication,
outlined
burden
the
-
of
judgement
the
inhabits
immortality
ever
life
status/copy,
incompositeness/
and
needless
it
Platonism:
with
the
concerning
perversities
in
throughout
projection
only
series
standpoint
obviously
(such
Socrates'
in
of
immortality,
identity,
being,
two
over
opposition
ideality,
and reprehensible,
insanely
for
Phaedo,
the
is
and which
binary
to
which,
gigantic
is
in
philosophy
as originary
biased
voice
belief
opposed
case
series
abject
an
soul.
become synonymous
second
series,
most
only
and
wanting.
in
Plato,
in
former
from
secondary
status,
-
second
body
unreason,
as
the
the
that
right
have
philosophy
metaphysically
and
which
illusion,
say,
on the
centres
defines
and subsequent
(throughout
inhabit
the
of
one
committed
find
to
that
encompass all
From
to
by
matter
dialogue
this
dominated
series
originary
to
seeks
to
have
compositeness;
which
soul4,
itself
impurity,
Needless
simplicity.
at
'two
difference,
purity,
or
the
mortality,
becoming,
two
and Cebes,
organises
separation
the
of
of
indulge.
differently.
schema to
spawns
and soul
Simmias
centrally
The absolute
years.
philosophy),
Socrates,
which
metaphysical
the
to
trait
death
in
each one,
the Western
for
united
although
division
as preparation
separation
duality
this
soul.
as the
parties
is
this
the
of
likes
matter
death
of
are
which
disprove
to
immortality
to
It
in
seeks
contrary,
demonstrate
to
seeking
C'self'-)expenditure
the
of
celebration
namely
in
the
that
former
life
series,
to
above)
is
deficient,
that
the
body
which
is,
for
Plato,
the
only
rightful
and knowledge.
This
mania
is
very
passage
from
Nietzsche:
"Über
das
Leben
taugt
nichts...
-
Leben,
voll
starb:
"leben
life
"On
the
Always
of
In
to
Klang
voll
Zweifel,
have
Judged
identically
most
against
be sick
for
a long
to
access
is
which
has become a barren
earth
devoid
utterly
forms),
it
all
Socrates'
death
of
body
lies
in
life
to
as
soul
the
fundamentally
acted
as
the
ihrem
Munde
denselben
Klang
voll
Müdigkeit
am
is
sense
(which
of
the
same tone
"to
live
for
in
is
46
-
-
Phaedo,
the
in
full
1, t. m. )
II,
text,
what
of
Platonism
is
it
the
in
realm
and whatever
forms,
that
of
the
All
of
a sudden,
the
and every
being
is
for
the
world
its
own
reserved
of
experience
its
designating
of
-a
as he died:
in
consummation
the
throughout
of
useless..
life,
anticipate
type
is
it
with
each thing
which
er
weariness
of
(by philosophy).
to
times:
all
mouth
realm,
another
als
sagte,
by insufficiency
deficient
vehicle
Sokrates
following
"
overwhelming
this
projecting
es
absence
and
cheerfulness
the
geurteilt:
characteristic
meaning
does
finally
point,
in
in
intrinsic
ghoulish
To sum up this
image
any
gleich
Platonic
chief
lack
in
place
so suspended
inadequacy,
- hence
of
Weisesten
11(KSA 6, GD/TI,
central
mediated
always
the
said
identified
moves is
can be resides
in
full
time...
the
of
on an ontology
there
plenitude
that
is
portrayed
their
Socrates
this
of
truth
at
melancholy,
Even
reading
to
sein.
from
heard
life.
human animal
the
of
aspire
Selbst
krank
full
to
which
Schwermut,
voll
das Leben.
has
mind
man aus
lange
one
the
from
die
das
heißt
-
distinctly
foundation
which
of
hat
a symptomatic
its
for
überall
doubt,
of
means
emerges
the
und
wisest
resistance
that
Immer
everywhere
and
full
tone
Zeiten
gegen
than
accurately
allen
lesser
status
place
zu
Widerstand
a far
of
haben
einen
gehört,
is
philosophy
and
we also
this
denigrating
of
death
Phaedo.
as
philosophy
as
so
preparation
complementary
saw how the
view
of
to
opposition
life.
an
Having
body and soul,
implications
is
itself
of
the
the
latter,
we must
structures
other
the
a manner
Phaedo(69a-84b).
Paralogisms
in
A,
entitled
Consequence
of
these
innate
this
to prove
these
from the
domain
Insofar
as these
rigorously
adhered
be tempted
breaking
which
enough,
to
infer
up the
only
the
transcendental
('Betrachtung
über
Pure
which
to
'I
of
t. m. ),
he names
questions
soul
before
birth,
soul
after
death.
Paralogisms
reason
when it
reason
to
concepts
of
extend
its
knowledge
is
psychology
rational
of
two-world
dualism,
accorded
on paralogisms
from
the
of
reason,
are
theory,
of
and thereby
to
on a
at
this
effect
of
into
the
within
But,
predictably
does not
finally
liberate
the
space
which
tends
to
Platonistic
-47-
point
divinity
Platonism.
legacy
them
exile
predicated
one might
matter
however
philosophy.
them has the
liberating
itself
to extend
alone,
as unfounded,
psychology
rational
and
sets
attempts
transcendental
constitutive
Kant' s banishment
is
soul,
from
Platonistic
that
and
think'
objectively
philosophy
of
employment
thus
spirituality
chapter
in
reinen
of
on the
Psychology,
Summe der
existence
the
the
die
continued
mind-body
chapter
Sum of
cf.
structure
concludes
of
the
to
on the
which
existence
questions
of
section
the
the
speculative
attempt
In
the
mirrors
body
the
concerning
precisely
between
concerning
knowledge
which
commerce
task
glances
rational
the
that
the
exercise
concerning
thirdly
course
which
A381ff,
concerning
to curb
illusory,
is
KrV/CPR
question
is
to say,
(that
Paralogismen',
the
the
longing
diesen
secondly
But of
and expose
of
'Observation
Paralogisms'
question
Paralogisms
ruminations
so in
the
the
for
abyssal
and does
in
firstly
any proof
the
while
questions
zu Folge
of
slyly
A339, B397)
Seelenlehre,
of
side.
'proof'
of
the
division
casting
KrV/CPR
instance
to
the
one side
dialectical
states
of
precondition
return
three
clearly
psychology,
course
on the
position,
loom on the
Nietzsche
Kant
significant
Platonic
these
towards
for
of
Janus-headed
their
most
which
immortality
the
the
established
of
accompany
any
into
enquiry
the
nature
name of
' soul'
or
under
that
of
however
much Kant
seeks
to
distance
assertions
(KrV/CPR
the
of
'transcendental
his
critical
A388-A395).
48
-
thinking
unity
self,
be it
of
apperception'
method
from
the
under
,
mere dogmatic
The Transcendental
III.
the
We saw that
Critique
first
knowledge
to
is
was
this
the
the
applied
a critique
founding
nature
central
that
no positive
firmly
the
of
is
think...
such
or
it
and
reason
the
'I
in
not
proposing
It
admit
absolute
structure
that
of
critique
especially
the unrealisable
seeks
to
knowing
But
in
doing
'I
think',
provide
is
so he
but,
the
speculative
of
-
'I
the
Christian
at
a very
project
clever
synthetic
of
may reclaim
the
to
the
forecloses
so not
apperception
in
turn,
redirects
the
one
who says
the
question
of
who
just
as concerns
the
invented
critical
by Kant
against
Christian
like
fundaments
think'
which
has
belief
than
the
'I
for
importantly,
method
condition
(in
the
invincibly
the
the
of
more
metaphysics,
last
functional
moving
force
best.
its
when they
(the
under
of
Copernican
more
having
alone.
fundamentally
immovable
that,
proposition
unity
he does
and
critique,
any
it
the
Critique,
tenets
namely
subject,
metaphysics
nature
displays
the
the
of
or
transcendental
to
an old-style
certainly
think',
says
of
most
form,
in
claims
instance)
concept
Kant,
And yet
finally
this
the
philosophy
does
central
of
itself.
inflated
its
from
to
claims
side
influence
of
first
the
within
of
role
of
valid
obvious
approximating
one
the
parameters
notion
most
the
to
claims
sphere
Kant
may be derived
traditional
legitimate
now reconstituted
such'.
The
apperception.
knowledge
that
the
to
any
self.
in
paralogisms
of
of
think'),
its
only
remains
unity
of
is
what
that
soul
knowability
of
its
more
Critique?
question
thinking
the
space
first
the
beyond
of
then,
of
metaphysics
reason
transcendental
its
What,
nature
on the
chapter
speculative
of
concept
namely
strip
the
of
curbing
all
anchor
traditional
the
to
(I)
task
proclaimed
concerning
of
effect
Deduction
move to
are
presented
rational
a priori
all
out
rule
as taking
their
psychology
(unrealisable
judgements
knowledge
-49-
of
from
inferences
cue solely
because
from
the
'I
from
it
concepts
But
alone).
and
apperception,
thinking
self,
'I
Kant
although
claims
that
claims
neither
can
it
a very
un-critical
incisive
question
of
which
emanate
from
paralogisms
be carried
the
the
disturb
to
over
use,
to
can
never
he allow
think`,
the
of
not
any
Kant
(cf.
unity
hovers
about
it.
that
the
human
animal
has
yet
been
of
the
implications
able
to
accompany
all
'my'
representations
Vorstellungen
festgestellte
nicht
begleiten
'Deduction
demonstrate
the
listed
in
the
relate
to
intuitions,
both
these
of
(experience),
combination
intuition
intuition'(KrV/CPR
A98 - A100);
and concept
imagination'
KrV/CPR
resides
pre-intellectual
recognition
in
degree
concert,
of
thought
explicitness
are
constitutive
and
to
be constituted
occurs
which
is
that
of
that
according
to
him,
lest
we
("Der
Mensch
62),
think'
must
and
necessarily
muß alle
meine
own emphasis).
Kant
can
concepts
he imagines
as
as well
in
he
concepts
how such
seeks
the
result
a synthesis.
of
function
mediating
in
apprehension
between
of
reproduction
in
of
the
to
'synthesis
of
time
with
the
provision
in
the
concept
A103 - A104).
here
occurs
all
reason
of
denke,
C' synthesis
thirdly,
very
a 'synthesis
secondly,
imagination
the
(experience),
intuitions),
the
(KrV/CPR
show
knowledge
process
a concept'
to
produced
in
words,
a priori
pure
in
A100 - A102);
an otherwise
The momentous
is
Ich
my
whence
Understanding',
the
order
producing
(categories
elements
empirical
In
an 'I
Kant's
the
of
validity
thereby
of
of
the
fixated
assuming
("Das:
Concepts
Categories.
of
of
knowledge
of
ideas
not,
of
SGB/BGE, III,
KSA 5,
KrV/CPR B131,
Pure
objective
Table
Tier"
kdnnen"
the
not
the
unity
apperception,
which
question
intuition
of
reason
the
Firstly,
other
of
raise
of
In
sleep
noch
their
question
must
das
of
the
p. 21 above),
[ist]
to
to
space
the
about
expanding
to
we know
the
in
aid
addresses
But
In
anything
restriction.
transcendental
the
know
the
knowledge,
-50-
the
for
elements
are
first
which,
themselves
any
when operating
produced
in
by a series
synthetic
of pure
processes.
to
syntheses
imagination
seeks
to,
and
thought
apperception
anchor
inherently
domains,
namely
the
millenia,
within
of
theistic
or
anthropomorphic
effect
of
this
wider
den
Einsicht
Gegenteil
Gegenteil.
von
Unwerte
Behauptung
objection
insight
opposite
claimed,
concerned
the
the
the
claim
gerichtet
er
selbst
der
die
Rede
ist,
unangetastet
läßt,
nur
grundlos,
nicht,
daß
objection
is
the
against
into
the
of
what
it
thus
better
to
the
the
than
not
its
be unfounded
the
know
and
not
Satz
seinem
anficht,
er
nur,
zeigt
a critical
former
requires
object
so
object
supposes
to
know
A critical
objection,
invalidity
untouched
object
better...;
be wrong.
-51
-
omissions)
gar
daß die
about
to
Werte
bedarf
this
any
die
"
the
of
diesem
der
in
Beweis
einer
vor,
und gibt
Satz
der
von
als
sei.
nature
the
the
um das
zu kennen,
den
den
supposed
or
and
bedarf
a proposition.
opposite.
to
erstere
The
validity
need
kritische,
was der
unrichtig
dogmatic
itself
der
a proposition,
proposition
is
Satz,
against
of
constitution
in
does
of
proof
assertions:
Gegenstandes,
er
zu kennen...;
directed
dogmatic
dogmatisch
weil
sie
from
only
critical
concerns
des
besser
und
if
even
nature
Der
zu können,
behaupten
a production
ist.
Natur
der
kritische
proposition
proof,
wider
einen
besser
"A dogmatic
synthesis
with
daher
Gegenstand
den
nicht,
of
contrast
der
Einwurf,
Der
liberates
thereby
and
delusion'.
ist
vorgibt,
Beschaffenheit,
oder
eines
demjenigen
von
Gegenstande
by way of
Satzes
time
philosophy,
Beschaffenheit
die
first
the
thought
ist,
Beweis
in
for
Einwurf
of
in
transcendental
dogmatische
conception
of
of
"Der
this
thought
space
explains
within
the
the
As Kant
processes
unleashes
without
method.
sheer
with
and thereby,
A concomitant
A115)
But
producer
namely
(KrV/CPR
faculties.
he
unwittingly
these
(Erkenntnisquellen),
unfounded,
production
to
seeks
by attributing
respectively
'pure'
impositions
immediately
knowledge'
of
were,
as it
quasi-stable
radical
' founts
of
a number
sense,
Kant
immensely
this
counterbalance
Of course
11(KrV/CPR
an
the
that
can
the
be
constitution
since
only
and
it
leaves
it
assails
only
A388, t. m.
,
shows
my
is
It
from
clear
(knowledge)
and,
even
status
as
("a
But Kant
of
a series
above,
from
our
first
that
both
as
concerns
importantly,
more
its
on their
productions,
to
uninhibited
syntheses
the
brush
object
critique
as
last"
the
with
its
method,
nature
Christian
cunning
otherwise
as
well
concentrates
produced.
KSA 6,
he had
GD/TI, IV, 6)
discovered
throttles
by a number
devices.
of
Foremost
among
these
course
possible
to
whenever
he says
' unity
unified
nature
of
have
of
as pre-given.
uses
is
apperception
(KrV/CPR
But
if
and
to
the
constituted,
say
the
case,
he could
easily
their
nominal
form
even
in
such
as,
above
all,
Vereinigung
unity
as
the
effect
of
or
even
rather
unification
Transcendental
the
that
were
which
throughout
is
this
words
sense,
It
apperception.
German
indicating
which
concerns
the
imputation
of
group
headed
'quantity'
the
to
concepts
unity
the
to
elsewhere
is,
[concepts]"
as belonging
fallacy
chief
the
'I
think'
Deduction
the
the
transcendental
the
'T
he simply
furthermore,
and
to
which
"the
calls
"always
"serves
consciousness"
in
the
of
he
word
vehicle
included
in
the
perform
52
-
Table
of
Categories
chapter
on the
is
attributes
to
that
transcendental
from
derived
a
pure
the
category
which
concepts"
conceiving
of
these
[aufführen]
all
our
A341, B399f,
the
course
from
derived
a category
all...
(KrV/CPR
of
the
incessantly
applying
to
which
is
psychology
of
only
it,
characteristics
himself
thereby
think',
unity
to
rational
within
Kant
be made about
discussion
the
certain
But
alone.
needs
in
As we saw
A80, B106).
attributing
to
point
in
paralogisms,
which
he implies
obvious
category
priori
Kant
to
generous
of
Einheit.
A further,
first
of
But
unity
apperception'
of
verbal
thereby
than
transcendental
the
be extremely
range
a strong
Einigkeit,
is
apperception'-.
a whole
used
retain
of
as
Deduction
Transcendental
on their
this,
t. m. my omissions
,
thought,
and
Kant
insertions).
himself
of
course
show in
the
concerning
the
nature
apperception,
A third
point
concerns
about
transcendental
them.
He writes:
at
arrives
Also
transzendentaler
der
auch
Erfahrung,
der
"All
Mannigfaltigen
der
Objekte
angetroffen
irgend
Anschauungen
unsern
is
necessity
There
must
in
and consequently
objects
to
think
In
keeping
at
of
any
transcendentality
also
Kant
transcendentality
of
imagination
or
einen
Gegenstand
the
his
of
our
conditions
zu
of
transcendental
mithin
wäre,
unmöglich
zu
"
a transcendental
condition.
of
the
unity
of
all
our
of
intuitions,
in
general,
it
would
so of
and
be impossible
A106, t. m. )
(KrV/CPR
Critique,
attribute
to
the
only
is
consciousness
production,
imagination,
zum
Gegenstände
aller
first
its
he
which
des Bewußtseins,
denken...
which
"
the
could
es
objects
intuitions...
legitimately
pure,
or
Bedingung
Einheit
welchen
of
in
auch
without
method
manner
folglich
manifold
concepts
a ground
der
ground
the
of
the
Anschauungen,
in
grounded
throughout
the
consciousness,
unserer
aller
ohne
synthesis
experience,
with
Grund
werden,
the
object
derived
transzendentale
eine
überhaupt,
times
all
for
as he
Kant' s inadmissible
of
but
be a transcendental
therefore
consciousness
all
jederzeit
des
Begriffe
result
apperception
Grunde.
Synthesis
but,
consciousness
formal
purely
so much the
not
liegt
der
is
no categorically
that
of
Notwendigkeit
in
in
Paralogisms,
"Aller
muß ein
there
may be made7.
transcendental
inferences
that
say
on to
goes
statements
can
as
namely
the
indeed
he does
setzt
aber
the
synthesis
when
he writes:
"Diese
Einheit
synthetische
Synthesis
notwendig
beziehet
Synthesis
Möglichkeit
oder
voraus,
die
der
schließt
so muß letztere
sein,
sich
(der
transzendentale
Einbildungskraft,
aller
Zusammensetzung
reinen
sie
auch
ein...
und soll
eine
Synthesis
Einheit
eine
als
Apperzeption]
der
a priori
a priori
Apperzeption
Bedingung
des Mannigfaltigen
-53-
jene
sein.
Also
die
reine
auf
a priori
in
eine
einer
der
"
Erkenntnis.
"This
synthetic
synthesis,
and if
must also
be a priori.
to
relates
the
the
It
synthesis
of
all
could
almost
it
enquires
into
judgements.
correct
inferential
simply
no place
in
of
Kant
an a priori
the
of
this
concept
the
the
Transcendental
the
Kantian
deduction
but
In
quote.
say what
for
so yearns
ambiguities
I have
indicated
in
So, to
sum up these
points,
the
betrays
to
imputation
paralogistic
wishes
characteristic
is
behind
inevitable
for
flux
the
in
fact
-
a
through
synthetic
a
coherent
and
definitionally
unity
when
there
is
understanding
in
this
key
of
at
about
ground
that
it
loses
above
passage.
of
the
point
are
itself
beyond
necessary
the
in
But
this
his
own thought.
just
syllogism
substantiality
all
the
feeble
unity
of
the
as much as
transcendental
whose chief
subjectivity
reactive
by
unpredictable
itself
to
marked
movement of
transcendental
a wrongful
-54-
this
the
a transcendental
of
that
experience
to
speak
of
self-identity.
synthesis
say
as
fragment
not
of
effects
to
insofar
to
a stable
activity
"
project
suffers
does
synthetic
knowledge.
of
Deduction.
order
it
condition
critical
the
of
text
pure
by the
for
imposition
recognition
apperception,
thought
a definition
pure
thus
italics).
is
has to
Kant
one
operation
it
does the
in
this
above
apperception
manifold
across
which
of
the
of
an a priori
a
synthesis
apperception
as
unified
for
of
includes
the
imagination,
own critical
cutting
or
necessary,
unity
of
the
maelstrom
presupposes
be a priori
presupposes
as
But
it
his
possibility
operation,
italics
to
and
unity
serve
the
priori
The tensions
is
combination
with
produced
this
apperception)
The transcendental
accordance
synthetically
critical
former
the
my insertion
A118,
in
is
pure
pure
possibility
(KrV/CPR
(of
unity
desire
of
his
is
left
A further
-
to
needs
Nietzsche
derived
be made about
thought.
and
grammar
in
and predicate
Only
is
because
to
it.
And yet
A341, B399)
or even
that
"the
correlate
of
all
the
'I
all
possible
that
is
initially
claimed
think'
is
of
thinking
prejudice,
namely
is
provided
by
the
clearly
smelt
"Die
of
Thun
usw.
als
Folge
Substanz,
"The
nicht
hat
seine
unseres
eingeht
logico-metaphysical
attribute
actions
enter
etc,
as
has
its
the
apperception)
it
as
is
(KrV/CPR
must
to
be at
A123).
What
be
always
But
that
beyond
it
an entirely
betraying
what
is
no more
than
should
always
be on the
side
odour
irrational
wholly
the
from
Überzeugungskraft
Willens
in
die
of
multiplicity
our
der
will:
of
-
-55-
Accidens,
Gewohnheit,
all
-
so daß das
Ich,
unser
als
"
Veränderung.
in
substance,
accidens,
in
the
habit
of
all
so
that
the
"(KSA
12,9
change.
my italics)
Critique:
first
belief
the
convincing
who
der
zu betrachten:
force
Nietzsche,
of
an Substanz,
Glaube
in
Vielheit
part
Kant's
in
der
Postulate,
move on Kants
notebooks
repression
of
postulates,
consequences
into
this
passage
logisch-metaphysischen
Attribut
not
pungent
them"
into
knowledge
that
far
so
grammar.
thereby
(pure
consciousness.
following
the
'I'
in
of
(KrV/CPR
concepts
and unchanging
an event
an unfounded
understanding
all
of
unity
the
of
rules
subjectivity,
to
does when
the
of
A key
Kant
with
indefensible
a coherent
what
knowledge
merely
of
precisely
that
is
form
subject
of
merely
what
grammatical
of
that
is
hypostatises
unified
vehicle
relation
beyond
conscious
in
of such allegedly
is
the
which
truth
any
representations
articulated
accordance
of
become
we should
here
conjunction
as the
point
-
concerns
that
the
cliched
apperception
attribute
abiding
our
now rather
identified
to
that
forms
is
reason
he claims
the
the
no
validity
grammatical
transcendental
a proposition
there
judgement,
by
and
I,
viewing
as substance,
[981,
our
does
WM/WP no. 488,
That
is
to
the
that
say
clandestine,
essentially
idealist
and
agenda
in
Kant's
assumption
of
is
to
assure
the
fundamentally
Platonistic
hidden
transcendental
unity
apperception
subjectivity,
to have
becomings
least
at
he elsewhere
which
this
Kant even states
findings
of
to,
prior
one 'safe'
thematises
the
on,
Substanz
that:
"Das Entstehen
oder
Vergehen
der
"The
be or
passing
away of
to
place"
(KrV/CPR
B233 t. m. )
,
Kant
thematises
becoming
but whatever
is
However
Kant
much
dogmatic
thought
attempts
the
to
he cannot,
critical
the need to
of
prove
one
thought
the
need
system,
Kant
'prove'
the
hand
on the
or
thinking
for
a unified
remains
immortality
in
the
of
other
hand,
-56-
soul.
Analogy's
the
second
Analogy,
nicht
statt.
to
these
of
himself
from
the
perilous
subjectivity
Plato
away
changes.
Inasmuch
a subject.
"
take
be and passing
accept
transcendental
the
first
distance
to
vicinity
'synthesis'.
does not
from
like
without
of
multiple
the
itself
coming
exempted
the
[findet]
selbst
substance
is
of
of
from
heading
proof
names of
as substance
would
metaphysics,
unpredictability
the
under
on the
the
section
he
writes
where
coming
exempted
the
under
stability
when he recapitulates
explicitly
and in
point
the
when
as he
within
he feels
Inchoate
IV. Physiology
now in
We are
in
earlier
artificial
inherently
first
of
the
interest
to
discredit
employment
- claims
goes beyond
the
exceeds
claims
for
demands
within
the
Of reason
beginning
of
to
I
and
again
perception),
and
a dialectic
discussed
is
are,
which
in
saw
we
as
the
the
in
the
with
the
which
to
it
its
I
(the
makes
is
perpetually
own nature
(KrV/CPR
mean that
Kant
to
take
the
incompatible
similarly
that
This
end
degrees
varying
in
it
at
finite
on its
idea),
own,
the
effect
of
Substance',
of
imposing
I hope to
as
an,
it
have
were,
on otherwise
unceasing
processes
linear
temporality
in
to
reduced
this
them.
discussion
imposition
Kant' s unfounded
shown
concerning
(permanence)
of
reason
of
Principle
furthermore,
constriction
of
to
comparable
substance
an infinite
the
an absolute
'The
entitled
in
-
process.
surging
I,
Kants
of
hesitation
above).
impose
has to
incompatible
same gesture
in
much
in
-
productive
context.
without
extent
Kant
the
says
the
each other
entangle
too
In
which
is
the
mentioned.
under
which
critical
made
two above,
Theoretical
for
which
points
and concepts
understanding
hope
reason
two
section
limited
knowledge.
intuitions
of
operation
involved
guarantor
to
Kant
(de-)temporalised
Or again,
use of
now,
this
metaphysical
a very
just
section
of becoming
- to
already
reason
that
is
it
contribute
as
uninhibited,
in
was briefly
have
quoted
that
reason
speculative
the
of
of
to
Kant
B354,
otherwise
finally
At the
nature
But
and unavoidably
very
isolation.
the
section
penultimate
shown
between
subsumption
human knowledge.
But
connection
Critique
bounds
the
admits
show the
schizophrenic
context
A298,
to
a position
of
of
conceptual
attribution
of
order
the
sweep which
critical
Transcendental
transcendental
Deduction.
_57_
apperception
upon the
concept
arises
(the
of
chaos
unity
virtually
to
of
it
is
in
the
is
It
therefore
Whether
similar.
'understanding')
by imposing
to
the
untenable
identities
(of
the
idea,
of
time,
which
are
prior
to
them.
the
critical
time-flows
identities
reason
these
act
as guarantors
of
knowledge
But,
this
is
what
have
to
and
would
within
barriers
to
search
for
the
synthetic
to
say
that
the
is
sheer
are
starting
makes itself
impossible
of
is
system
that
defined
- prejudicially
such
metaphysically
and
synthesis
in
order
to
truly
abandon
a priori
elements
of
experience.
truly
critical
have
name of
abandon
of
- of
the
to
meaning
can
these
'logico-
if
experience
shown,
a
be given
by a more
appropriate
embodiment
perpetual
production,
as Nietzsche
Verachtung
des
supplanted
point
I
(under
or
his
hope
a more
transcendentality
postulates'
and methodological
of
of
infused
radical,
metaphysical
extremely
reason
project
of
formally
employment,
critical
notion
are
finite
experience.
A more
rebellions
its
unified
the
against
in
them to
to
militates
employment
upon synthetic
dogmatically
Kant
infinite
Kant wants
itself
reactive
whenever
the
The significance
properly
that
say
in
critically
consciousness)
as
these
insights,
own (better)
to
possible
-
does when he writes:
"Gibt
Als
es
eine
ob nicht
gefährlichere
den
zu
was von
Christen
radikaler.
"
there
it
did
not
vapeurs
und
Idealisten
the
this
all
condemn
is
we are
following
radical
als
Es hat
ausgedacht
than
aberration
to
spirituality
solid
more radical.
reasons
to
nicht
Hand
ist:
wir
sind
become sickly
he suggests
-58-
Alles
contempt
" (KSA 13,14
impetus:
krankhaft
worden
whatever
that
Leibes?
wäre
verurteilt
'Idealismus'.
nothing
die
Geistigkeit
ganze
des
There
and idealists:
provide
die
a more dangerous
'idealism'.
And for
ihr
mit
werden,
"Is
Verirrung,
for
the
to
-
zu
und Fuß,
body? As if
the
vapeurs
of
Christians
by
was made up
1371, WM/WP no. 1016, t. m. )
the
body and physiology
"Alles,
was als
'Einheit'
ins
wir
haben
immer
compliziert:
Ist
Leibes
des
das
"Everything
which
body
the
of
auszumachen
richer,
to
methodologically
So the
body
hypostatising
is
to
it
into
to
not
to
repeat
the
metaphysical
of knowledge,
the
transcendental
'soul'
12,5
in
be thought
and
already
unity.
The
"
tremendously
phenomenon
phenomenon:
deciding
anything
its
about
1561, WM/WP no. 489, t. m. )
methodological
starting
a final
or
manner
unity
reasons
is
subjectivity)
so as,
a crucial
and
minimally,
Kantian
There
apperception.
why the
without
principle
by the
carried
of
point
explanatory
a non-substantial
important
(transcendental
methodisch
Bedeutung.
is
graspable
investments
equally
of
without
a new 'ground'
have
for
more
be made the
will
related
clearer,
" (KSA
it
closely
a semblance
first
letzte
'unity'
as
Das Phänomen
Phänomen:
seine
have
be placed
significance.
ultimate
Über
ungeheuer
von Einheit.
faßbarere
consciousness
only
bereits
ist
Anschein
etwas
enters
the
is
tritt,
einen
deutlichere,
we always
complicated:
nur
reichere,
ohne
voranzustellen,
Bewußtsein
guarantor
are
three
body
substitution
of
strategic
move for
Nietzsche.
Firstly,
this
materialist
which
Western
metaphysics.
of
Platonism
and
if
point
its
the
Platonic
notion
this
not
is
Secondly,
ensue from
the
it
this
of
of
is
leaves
insidious
body
projected
the
philosophies,
It
this
the
following
a simple
of
structure
would
were an exact
physiology
remains
but
oppositional
But
intact.
for
to
means nothing
fundamental
effects
Nietzschean
soul.
Platonistic
this
that
object
might
which
of
constitutive
or simply
reversal
the
(or
and which
terms
in
is
dialogues
minds
rather
'invented')
antidote
Platonic
More subtle
anti-
constitutes
obviously
agency
the
a forceful
be a valid
only
complement
chapters
to
to
show that
case.
is
obvious
central
that
shift
a very
of
method.
-59-
type
different
For
if
it
is
of
knowledge
no longer
the
must
a self-
to
identical,
quasi-idealist
subject
correspond
with
absolute
necessity,
theory
truth
- and with
of
knowledge
overcome,
(Nichtwissen
it
representational
self-coincident,
self-possessed
knowing
way to
gives
Nietzsche
vom Leibe
insgleichen
of
fiction
unsustainable
of a
appropriate
site
of
this
(un-)
excessive
productions
of
the
body.
As
warum?
Wir
gewinnen
die
Art
unsrer
Subjekt-Einheit,
eines
Gemeinwesens,
nicht
als
'Seelen'...,
der
Abhängigkeit
dieser
Regenten
von
den
der
Rangordnung
Einzelnen
und
von
der
zugleich
lebendigen
von
Spitze
den Bedingungen
Einheiten
Ewigkeit
die
Schätzung
auch
Vereinfachen
daß wir
gewisse
Unwissenheit,
in
der
der
Regent
gehalten
denen
das
labour
In
the
In short,
the
not
to
the
simplifying
the
order
individual
and the
to
the
the
of
aber;
verstehn,
for
community
and falsifying,
-60-
for
head of
of
rank
whole
at
it
is
possible
too,
for
rough
which
unknowing
of
idea
right
a
these
and division
the
same
be and die
ignorance
The certain
...
is
in which the regent
'subject'
under
the
come to
continually
unities
the
dependence
of
conditions
an estimation
at
conditions
the
belong
tasks...
individual
for
...
as of
as well
possible
does
we gain
als
as regents
namely
living
same way as
belongs
Art
gleicher
why? - We gain
point:
starting
and of
ruled
as making
the
Untertanen
eine
das
Ist
Das Wichtigste
das Perspektivische.
zu
gewinnen
wir
im Großen-und-Groben-Sehen,
das
subject-unity,
as 'souls'
and as eternity
also
Nichtwissen,
Kurz,
kann.
mit
gehört
denkend. "
body and physiology
on the
Gemeinwesens,
werden
regiert
und seine
"The
regents
des
Verrichtungen...
wollend,
not
die
nicht
fühlend,
community,
fortwährend
zum 'Subjekt'
alle
our
wie
wie
den Beherrscher
of
und
und
und Fälschen,
the nature
Regierten
Ermöglichung
als
Ebenso
Ganzen.
als
sterben
unter
für
des
nämlich
und
einzelnen
den Bedingungen,
Arbeitsteilung
und
-
entstehen
Die
gehört...
über
viewing,
confines
der
an der
kept
'unknowing'
Physiologie:
Regenten
about
is
-
der
Vorstellung
time.
the
itself
und
richtige
of
correspondence
as the
mind
'richer',
the
the
must
explains:
"Ausgangspunkt
wird
the
same time
object
truth
calls
beyond
unified
of
of
Nietzsche
what
At the
version
notions
a knowing
thought.
an equally
this
any naive
Unwissenheit),
or
if
way to
gives
which
the
perspectival.
to
rule.
and ready
But
most
of
is
important
same nature,
that
we understand
all
feeling,
the
and his
ruler
thinking.
willing,
to be of
subjects
the
" (KSA 11,40
1211,
WM/Wp
of
from
soul
t.
492,
m. , my omissions)
no.
the
One of
as the
predicted
a different
of
corollary
between
this
of
effects
type
shift
knowing
of
two
and,
most
remarkably
metaphysics
towards
the
body,
the
abolition
beyond the
anaemic
idealist
relation
res
the
conception
attention
is
the
restructuring
given
the
hostility
their
of
both
of
to
of the
of
oppositionality
as 'thing',
body
res
well
cogitans
and
of
extensa.
Thirdly,
time
the
in
In doing
so
body
We saw Kant
consciousness.
unilinear
the
of
its
in
and
first
the
of contradiction
into
temporal
ideal
time
and the
of
Deduction,
identity
the
same consciousness)
of the
It
former
dispersion
der
dauerhaft,
sind
processes
will
Nietzsche
exposes
the
truth
when he contrasts
bloß
transitoriness:
contradicts
as permanent
itself,
are
something
has
pure
little
fictions
that
respect
the
supercession
a comparable
connection
between
the
their
the
values
relation:
hat,
das sich
an welche
wir
glauben
als
Wenn Alles
fließt,
so ist
die
die
und
Dauer
Dinge,
und
"
Schein.
ein
(of
time
entail
infuses
'Wahrheit')
(die
Qualität
of
significant
Dauer
Fiktionen.
reine
solche
als
die
Aber
Werth.
wenig
eine
Unvergänglichkeit
of
of
etwas,
Vergänglichkeit
"Value
reasonable
assume that
Vergänglichkeit:
hat
identity
to
of
law
Transcendental
the
any
are
the
transcendentally
the
in
Kant
das keine
widerspricht,
respectively.
not
consciousness
own thought
with
and
given
and his
thought
"Wert
But,
notion
Platonic
as permanent
we saw him translating
latter.
of
time
constitution,
the
time
that
demands of
cohesive
therefore
conception
which
empirical
relations.
by
and the
from
latter
the
Analogy)
by a multiplicity
of
time
and
of
is
different
the
posited
distinguishable.
an entirely
expounding
transcendental
(chiefly
nature
is
that
value.
as such.
-61-
has no permanence,
But
If
the
things
everything
in
that
which
flows
we believe
is
transitoriness
(the
a quality
lntransitoriness
merely
The significance
of
an
this
'truth')
and
" (KSA
appearance.
permanence
13,11
development
will
the
necessity
and
( 981, m. t. )
be brought
in
out
four,
chapter
below.
Having
method,
thinking
this
demonstrated
thus
and the
dominant
traditionally
appropriate
it
shift
strategic
for
of
untenability
physiology,
thinking
critical
becomes
further
by
explanatory
the
will
the
concept
to
necessary
asking
of
whether
for
a physiological
substance
the
implications
causality,
as the
pursue
the
concept
of
to
as physiology.
power
-62-
as a way of
productions
of
of
nature,
is
TUMULTUOUS BODIES
haben wir
nach einem Täter
wir suchen
zu jedem Geschehen..
was
.
Anspannung,
Widerstand
gemacht?
wir haben ein Gefühl
von Kraft,
das schon der Beginn
der Handlung
ist,
ein Muskelgefühl,
als Ursache
den
Willen,
das
das
tun,
ihn
oder
auf
mißverstanden
und
zu
weil
die Aktion
folgt,
"
als Ursache
verstanden.
What have we done?
"...
occurrence...
every
we seek a doer for
tension,
a feeling
of force,
resistance,
we have misunderstood
feeling,
is already
the beginning
of the act,
which
a muscular
for
do
to
have
taken
the
the
a
such
and
such
will
as
cause - or we
WM/WP
1981,
follows.
"
(KSA
13,14
it
the
because
action
cause,
upon
no. 551, t. m. )'
"...
of
Causality
the
Principles
I. The Principle
The part
of
Succession
entitled
'Principle
Causality'
in
formulated
more succinctly
from
extent
the
that
of
a necessary
only
as much as
Kant
that
and
here,
spreads
this
in
accordance
with
the
although
in
the
first
edition
it
is
Production'
and it
is
to some
of
that
present
the
that
Analogies,
other
the
necessary
it
and
possible
of
perceptions'
course
Table
the category
to
be derived)
appearances)
in
time
being
is
So that
in
this,
the
burden
of
proof
which
falls
to
nature
of
is,
the
Categories
the
that
the
needs
of
product
in
organised
demonstrate.
and
to
And
rightful
in
judgement
which
Kant
judgement
which
claims
(between
relations
accordance
its
be established
hypothetical
from
(and
a priori
has to
categories,
a statement
is
time.
the
must
connection
of
one
be emphasised
the
terms
Analogy
of
Analogies
in
that
of
cue.
(KrV/CPR
this
the
the
over
that
its
on the
through
is
Law of
take
will
section
which
relation
of
is
universal,
in
concept
only
here
point
two
the
is
is
connection
central
temporal
general
Analogy
second
chapter
the
'Experience
in
feature
detail
Time,
appearances
causality
claim
in
of
the particular
to
by the
a connection
concerns
although
the
occupied
as 'Principle
ourselves
states
representation
always
edition,
title
remind
Experience
A17&, 8218)
second
latter
this
We must briefly
of
of
is
which
with
the
pure
of
concept
causality.
The second
from its
place
question
which
reason
of
first
to
the
in
the
any a priori
of
genesis
of
apriority
provoked
derives
though,
Analogy,
Kant
to
its
the
the
whole
of
concept
re-examine
concepts
particular
at
all
it:
-64-
critical
importance
project.
For
as raised
causality,
the
entire
issue
or,
as Kant
himself
of
the
text
in
the
it
was the
by Hume,
claims
so famously
of
puts
"Die
Erinnerung
des David
Jahren
zuerst
den dogmatischen
im Felde
Untersuchungen
"The
recollection
first
time
the
unterbrach
und meinen
spekulativen
Philosophie
eine
Hume was that
which
der
David
of
my dogmatic
interrupted
field
of
speculative
the
outlines
process
objections
claims
concepts
as causality,
to
the
of
him from
that
reason
'discovery'
of
their
understanding
possiblity
even implies
that
first
Critique,
considered
but to work
out
problem
as posed
by Hume:
Erweiterung
the
of
the
(nämlich
der
his
the
text
full
the
direction.
problems
proposition
syllogistic
apprehension
A189, B234),
der
Kritik
problem
of
Pure
here
that
the
first
Critique
from
causality,
it
to
of
be the
false
it
which
poses
is
of
proof
the
appears
form
to
the
manifold
in
only
greatest
of
coherent,
minutely
of
which
trains
thought
and
obscurity.
modified
-65-
For
is
in
of
the
out
second
Analogy
a 'solution'
instance,
intended
namely
that
"...
successive"
formulations
treatment
worked
Kant's
always
the
its
expect
Instead
of
than
problem
the
appearance
slightly
the
to
seems
causality,
extension
less
to
of
does nothing
possible
nothing
claims
premise
And he
261, t. m. )
(Prol/P
in
the
größten
möglich
in
of
260).
extremis,
Vernunft)"
its
such a priori
(Prol/P
in
Hume's
of
concepts
justified
major
apriority
a priori
solution
clouded
the
possessed
reinen
astonishingly
is
it
the
inconclusive
starts,
reappraisal
seiner
apparently
imaginable.
account
which
of
most
in
Reason)"
fact
the
deduction
Problems
Kant
flawless
of
of
Humean
Critique
apriority
generally
is
Humeschen
of
the
inception
in
des
execution
(namely
the
the
Ausführung
doubtful
different
all
and the
Given
ago for
many years
a wholly
took
which
the
"..,
ganz andere
and gave my investigations
slumber
philosophy
concerning
"...
vielen
260, t-m-)1.
(Prol/P
Kant
Schlummer
was mir- vor
gab. "
Richtung
in
Hume war eben dasjenige,
no less
and
the
the
(KrV/CPR
than
to
three
more times
follow
one another"
of
manifold
(KrV/CPR
t. m. my insertion).
,
to
carry
the
to
reconsideration
topic
of
on the
chapter
dominate
has traditionally
possibility
of
knowledge
entirely
this
claim
detailed
my mind
at
least,
And although
this
is
not
reading
which
this
strange
in
the
overall
argument
point
the
way for
a
All
the
more
so since
they
issues
in
light
of
Nietzsche's
thoughts
of
the
material
which
the
issue
the
significance
second
Analogy
of
experience
been
considered
the
very
experience
and
reduced
the
on the
findings
derived
of
for
of
the
the
not
with
any degree
experience
and thus,
from
sole
science,
itself.
understanding,
discipline
Kant
needs
Of course
but
to
no other
-66-
the
condition
of
meant,
predictability
would
to
order
which
return
to
to
to
causality
for
can quite
be
that
details
of
prove
the
explain
principle
do this
category
would
demonstrate
by extension,
in
of
do nothing
discourses
can
of
was
science
regularity,
coherent
he needs
causality
the
So in
organisation
law of
of
the
into
the
causality
and philosophy
event.
would
case,
guarantor
of
covered
be the
procedures
after
as the
philosophy
apriority
the
to
it
of
is
causality
historically
has
that
of
since
paradigm
thus
empirical
more than
and
as Hume found
If,
to
its
aside,
metaphysics
concept
possibility
concepts
and
to
hiatuses
occurring
is
of
proof.
he,
A201, B246,
obvious
processes
of knowledge
role
intended
does
his
as science.
but summarise
science
cases
"To
by
manifold
(KrV/CPR
successive"
these
the
of
A198, B243);
more
regulated
an a priori
natural
(KrV/CPR
synthesis
the
appearances
the
for
own claims
naturally
not
of
production.
Kant's
by the
always
"appearances
perception)
of
these
of
synthesis
the
thorough
some
be discussed.
the
belongs
of
the
(in
successive"
is
none
out
out
deserves,
chapter
need
In
carry
satisfactorily
there
"In
as:
always
[synthesis]
which
chapter
B233);
is
knowledge
imagination
place
the
representations
empirical
all
throughout
the
right
all
the
claim
to
pure
the
position
that
cornerstone
of
of
causality
task
of
project
can
be gauged
which
Kant
second
Analogy
since
in
the
each
or group
terms
of
in
imposition
Principles
states
is
of
in
the
explicitly
(KrV/CPR B162)
always
linear
above
apprehension
or
could
of
the
A189, B234).
Intuition'
(KrV/CPR
first
the
edition
the
of
In
appears
in
A98f)
and
in
-
determines
of
Kant.
be slightly
insofar
Principle
the
that
creates
chapter
the
process
concepts,
the
need for
the
the
reformulated
is
(in
Deduction
that
we saw
from
to
-
purely
is
apprehension...
The quote
-67-
category
only
Transcendental
as it
particular
formal
any one of
previous
version
in
determinate
chapter
first
the
the
case
the
in
of
material
the
In
the
one
naturally
A).
processes
words,
explicit
the
given
other
more
individual
each
synthesis
for
terms
manifold
rather
(in
In
the
in
is
This
syntheses
synthetic
manifold,
which
repeats
place.
the
the
B162).
Deduction
"...
of
(KrV/CPR
of
chapter.
statements
a reminder
or
interrelated
successive
thus
apprehension
the
together
on the
and in
"the
first
taken
without
that
in
the
two
These
which
first
`proof`,
the
upon
Principles
which
that
outlines
follow
edition
outlined
to
This
an appearance]
Transcendental
the
in general
way
apriority
[of
parts
Deduction
three
the
the
the
in
categories
of
(KrV/CPR
Apprehension
the
of
of
structure
the
entire
"
a reiteration
second
now turn
in
that
the
proof
Analogy.
second
We can
general.
than
Transcendental
terms
the
the
of
of
successive.
my insertion).
of
in
concision
(ibid.,
the
in
science
'success'
the
success
entitled
of
no more
the
section,
representations
'Synthesis
a rational
that
encountered
always
represent
of
problems
is
appearance
given
in
characteristic
with
another"
of
the
of
by
undertakes
technical
The beginning
"the
reason
for
more detailed
of
this
short,
the
states
foundation
in
is,
critical
the
can.
causality
And it
to
empirical"
empirical
the
second
say that
the
the
product
always
B) Kant
is
time
Analogy
of
an
is
always
representations
in
empirical
synthesis,
ordering
of
to
correspond
provide
yet
the
alleged
the
succession
of
the
pure
form
nature
the
'itself',
or
of
temporal
the
Consequently,
the difference
between
the
only
from
necessary
apriority
derives
subjective
succession
in
apprehension
universal
succession
in
the
object
And
in
order
causal
nexus
proper.
as it
were,
drive
lack
objective
object)
in
he puts
it:
accordance
94 so soll
..,
für
selbst
anzeigen,
eine
Verbindung
desselben
"...
to
I
have
manifold
of
what
representation
of
in
der
to
needs
in
does not
sense,
the
object
of
between
these
objects
do here
is
to establish
and universal
but,
the
of
inner
sense,
merely
the
necessary
and
form
pure
and
(propter
hoc)
which
this
establish
merely
insofar
as its
designates
difference
the
he needs
to,
subjective
representations
which
valid
representations
(of
objectively
orderings
Zeit
der
to
said
a necessary
of
As
succession.
an den Erscheinungen
daß die
indessen,
zukomme,
jederzeit
Apprehension
an
"
ist.
sukzessiv
the
connection
in
time
belongs
to
themselves
inspite
of
the
fact
the
apprehension
is
at
all
times
successive.
the
form
which
the
argument
'how
do we know that
of
sort
appearances
it
relations
was dem Mannigfaltigen
in
show
of
hoc)
temporal
ich
organisation
(post
to
the
and
with
Vorstellung
of
between
a wedge
necessity
that
inner
Kant
what
is
which
of
temporal
initial
necessary
into
of
of representation.
this
time
any knowledge
representation
But
successive.
that
"
(KrV/CPR A190, B235, t. m. my emphasis)
,
Needless
is well
to
say,
is
an a priori
term whose status
demonstrated
faculty
in
typically
which
provides
relying
circular
this
The question
predictable.
concept?
as preceding
without
instance
final
the
known and thoroughly
causality
answers
in
'
(that
is
to
say,
of
experience
can be
proof)
and formative
an objectively
solely
on experience
for
manner
by saying
'because
concept'
3.
-68-
this
takes
valid
Kant
we have an a priori
6
is
But that
by merely
them
substance
the
indeed
thought.
answer
which
it
question,
transcendental
produce
we have
faculties
which
instead
of
first
in
lieu
the moment and the
provides
reference
to
am...
is...
inner
the
two
in
in
significance,
"Diese
[die
Ich
vorausgehe...
das andere
vorher,
vor
dem anderen
"But
ways,
bin
so that
conscious
that
the
the
problem
in
structure
time
time"
my imagination
of
aber
daß der
nur
setze,
the
for
the
three
combined
Analogy,
and
with
aside
Deduction
A100
-
that
say
imagination
But,
"...
"...
that
means
connection
on to
Kant,
102),
connection
determines
which
is
and
this
zwei
Zustände
of
enormous
writes:
kann
nachher
goes
relation".
Kant
also
apriority
be put
of
a causal
faculty
so,
to
must
readers
mir
one or
for
that
can connect
the
argument
KrV/CPR
vorhergehe...
imagination
the
Imagination',
verbinden,
the
of
in
same place
for
needs
Transcendental
Einbildungskraft]
Art
zweierlei
the
organising
Kant
the
respect
is
knowledge
in
reading
the
gives
analysis,
of
second
a synthetic
which
arguments
the
perceptions
of
the
which
of
product
sense
his
reminded
a manner
be examined.
synthesis
second
such
Critique
of
Reproduction
connecting
individual
answer
must
syntheses
having
the
of
to
the
after
its
context
for
of
to
the
thread
('Synthesis
gives
And so in
the
the
Critique
faculties
up again
Picking
final
'
possible?
in
the
the
minutiae
interact
in
of
general
judgements
first
that,
his
"
the
writing
And although
the
the
too,
causality,
of
a priori
organisation
throughout.
have answered
synthetic
stand
cannot
he. could
are
possible'
that
to
for
much,
of . 'how
'because
saying
make
very
say
question
overarching
to
as
to
not
gedachte
oder
eine
in
der Zeit
Imagination
eines
der
eine
Zustand
in
two different
andere
daß meine
bewußt,
nicht
der
auf
daß im Objekte
"
these
two conveived
other
in
time...
Thus
I am only
before,
one
the
other
after,
precedes
places
-69-
states
not
I
that
the
t. m.
,
my omissions)
one state
The synthesis
temporal
the
of
the
accurately,
as representable
imagination
- which
which
other
words
is
principle
it
to
according
combination
concepts
categories,
of
synthesis
to
It
necessary
temporal
occur.
connections,
this
pure
this
is
for
not
That
the
enters
Thus
the
imagination
in
Transcendental
land]..
time
the
objective
in
is
it
their
relation
in
the
third
in
processes
point
comes
into
these
otherwise
"..
the
in
A).
subjective
succession
of
formal
time
the
which
(in
The
are.
the
of
product
and
But
page) .
b or
the
is
synthesis
at
Deduction
makes
it
versa,
vice
decide.
to
fills
it
two perceptions'
precedes
a which
a
imagination
(cf. previous
time'
that
allows
which
itself
not
is
contain
connections
Concept')
merely
between
b,
primarily
latently,
is
determination,
Imagination
'connects
imagination
' connect ion
a and
synthesising
Kant
difference
linear
does determine
consciousness,
far
but
act us
the
The
what
that
for
synthesises.
these
in
in
succession,
it
The synthesis
and concepts,
specifically
determine
always
states
Recognition
words
is
more
more
- is
which
however
itself,
not
(or,
temporal
the
capabilities)
Hence the
two
which
intuition.
material
synthesis.
of
manifold
synthesises,
connect ion
whether,
the
of
peculiar
or possibility
for
which
not
'ground'
B233,
as linear
intuitions
of
conversely,
connective
does
time
or,
relation
does
only
of
its
synthesis
the
provides
or,
on the
imagination
which
..
linearity).
of
the
of
it
terms
enables
(reservoir
could
in
"(KrV/CPR
derives
empirical
an empirical
faculty
impose
of
only
that
object.
apprehension
nature
only
the
not
is
temporalisation
in
other
in
manifold
from
structuring
in
the
precedes
(`Synthesis
of
in
other
understanding,
in
the
point
is
A193, B238)
be
structures
sketched
What is
required
this
succession
of
appearances"
-70-
processes.
pre-conscious
at
which
concept
apprehension
(KrV/CPR
that
the
which
generated,
p. 45f,
"'
Kant
in
above,
from
ich
selbst...
sukzessiven
Apprehension
die
[durch
diese
als
Inbegriff
mir
weiter
ein
der
Vorstellungen
""...
der
Frage:
wie
das
Mannigfaltige
verbunden
sein
möge?
Hier
wird
das,
liegt,
als
Vorstellung,
then
what
Vorstellungen]
mit
Apprehension
am I
to
successive
apprehension
is
me [by
these
nothing
given
than
more
their
to
object
the
apprehension,
omissions
and
Kant
and the
the
in
merely
both
distinctions
process
of
receptivity
(e. g.
could
is,
the
appearance,
viewed
as
from
derive
" (KrV/CPR
the
the
the
is
is
representations
A191, B236, t. m.
,
difference
between
and,
anything,
make up this
my
the
B33f),
(in
in
even
is
practice.
Furthermore,
appearance.
this
former
of
A189f, B234f).
But
the
is
at
over
control
is
all
the
clear
entire
by
involuntary
how this
actually
could
characterised
a completely
from
imaginable
and appearances
process
not
is
consciousness)
absolute
require
it
appearance
and unconvincing.
representations
since
'the
(KrV/CPR
latter
and
subjective
and objects,
appearances
and hence
and passivity,
A19f,
up between
forced
no point
To do so would
perception
he opens
(bezeichnen)
first,
become operative
if
in
it
between
between
seem rather
the
KrV/CPR
in
manifold
lies
difference
which
representations
which
be realised.
fissure
the
'designate'
the
"
that
I
locate
den
notwithstanding
which
to
aus
but
representations,
correspond.
nichts
Gegenstand
soll.
representation
aber,
der
ich
which
these
to
a distinction
which
of
has
he introduces
As concerns
that
der
sie
how the
question:
Here
as
my concept,
wants
succession
itself'
the
was in
der
insertion)
obviously
objective
den
representations],
epitome
which
the
of
by
viewed
als
zusammenstimmen
may be connected?
itself...
is
ziehe,
understand
ist,
Begriff,
mein
in
ohnerachtet
Vorstellungen
welchem
manner:
Erscheinung
die
ist,
gegeben
dieser
appearance
which
it
unter
(cited
problem
following
betrachtet,
derselben
A190, B235)
the
restating
the
also
Erscheinung
after
in
a quote
verstehe
was
..
do,
to
proposes
process
distinction
As concerns
the
second
differentiation,
if
the
knowable
world
more spurious.
1_
_?
For
is
to
be
the
correlate
it,
if
the
is
world
demands - then
affect
why Kant
much more
than
can
everywhere
else
the
that
only
between
it
in
do,
in
subjective
that
such
case
that
he cannot
Critique,
seems
which
he could
anymore
Given
centrality
of
in
fact
whole
inevitable
project
(namely
as empirically
KrV/CPR,
H6-8
time
the
Critique,
Kant
does
say that
ultimately
centrality
concept
specifically
the
critical
remains
of
demanded
one which
here
and asks
me to
reside
thematise
for
it
to do
it
the
in
fact
difference
the
orders
exist.
But
is
the
idea
a fragmentation
of
it
of
course
for
is
(what
of
a fragmented
he can envisage
first
the
in
on the
finally
system
rethinking
think
gives,
to
it
put
ideal,
-72-
concept
of
time
for
example
cf.
or A369 - 377 of
the
the
first
temporality
with
a surprise.
By this
were,
another
more advanced
synthesis.
which
provoked
implications
of
way in
by reading
explicitly
thought
the
of
Aesthetic'
as it
or,
and the
Critique
rethinking
without
by the
not
to
comes as more than
by the
one,
be precisely
repeatedly
not
vacant;
time
difference
would
'Transcendental
realisation,
specificity,
what Kant
out
and transcendentally
the
conceptual
into
what
orders
than
hinges
'Paralogisms'>,
that
back
is
corollary.
real
of
this
temporal
the
entertain
its
the
and
he lays
to
ultimately
temporal
time
-
admissible
terminology
first
subjectivity,
the
his
parameters
given
rivalling
him a monolithic)
only
be a heuristic
overloads
and objective
admit
the
the
the
way
slides
produces
any arguments.
reason
The real
philosophy
must
formally
which
intrasubjective
sense
which
and objects
appearances
subjectivity
that
without
substantially
could
be in
to
idealism,
empirical
between
transcendental
turn,
the Copernican
calls
the
of
to
a place
way,
it
it
time
sets
as the
of
any degree
I mean to
which
up the
entirely
critique
of
itself,
altered
and
This
the
Kant seeks
to
clarify
succession
in
appearance.
is
which
the
in
locates
that
a merely
the
die
das
Hauses,
freilich
welches
"So...
the
apprehension
His
example
for
succession
in
apprehension,
(albeit
equally
necessary)
succession,
a house,
of
is
des
Nun ist
zugeben
wird. "
stands
before
manifold
of
course
no one
will
grant.
other
hand,
the
manifold
itself
he
confidently
is
der
die
Frage:
ob das
sukzessiv
sei,
in
the
appearance
question
is:
itself
of
eines
a house
which
the
whether
successive
A190, B236, t. m.
,
" (KrV/CPR
Erscheinung
sich
in
also
in
in
Now the
successive.
house
this
Mannigfaltigen
auch
the
quite
and
successive:
selbst
of
he claims
which
Hauses
niemand
me is
not
the
sukzessiv.
apprehension
which
in
steht,
dieses
Mannigfaltige
with
succession
'itself'
mir
examples
between
Apprehension
vor
by the
out
difference
of
appearance
borne
amply
subjective
appearance
ist...
"So
fact
in
is
contention
of
which
my omissions
and
emphasis)
On the
does
which
'itself'
contain
drifting
down a stream
treiben.
")
"Meine
of
Wahrnehmung,
der Stelle
desselben
daß in
unmöglich,
zuerst
unterhalb,
sollte.
"
"My perception
its
position
that
in
first
which
the
are
its
the
in
of
three
show them to
closely
later
das Schiff
wahrgenommen werden
follows
upon the
perception
the
river
and it
is
impossible
appearance
the
upstream.
related
be rather
Erscheinung
des Stromes
oberhalb
Wahrnehmung
die
auf
und es Ist
dieser
course
this
hinab
des Flusses,
downstream
position
apprehension
but
dem Laufe
aber
of a ship
den Strom
folgt
unterhalb,
Apprehension
upstream
downstream
There
der
nachher
of
Stelle
oberhalb
that
an appearance
unequivocally:
equally
seiner
is
Schiff
sehe z. B. ein
("Ich
of
exemplar
succession
a necessary
he states
which
indisputable
apparently
but
of
" (KrV/CPR
distinct
inappropriate.
-73-
ship
should
of
be perceived
A192, B237, t. m. , my emphasis)
aspects
They are
of
these
also,
it
examples
must be
stressed,
namely
the
and unthinkability
the
parameters
of
for
they
close
than
attention
here.
the
-
of
the
appearance
house,
and
with
it
the
manifold
in
time.
that
the
empirical
by Kant,
so
that
We saw above
succession
far
as appearances
in
time
is
definitional
appearances
becomes
obvious
manifold
of
But the
whole)
perception
And
space.
constant
instance
(cf.
of
at
is
which
Kant's
one
all,
the
formulation
not
in
is
Kant's
only
of
undergo
in
in
If
the
house
similarly
curbed.
is
tendency
think
time
in
case,
real
these
from
him
the
establish
with
causality)
realised
the
it,
for
movement in
relatively
thinking
that
no doubt
another
purely
spatial
thinking
the
of
apriority
regard
to
it
manifold,
as much as the
its
terms
specificity
certain
temporality.
difference
between
the
examples
that
the
latter
-74-
though,
for
claim
house
is
be taken
further
remains
This
order
with
can
large-scale
seduces
to
course
to become an appearance
order
prevents
time
their
parts
that
identified
from
its
into
to
of
is
wants
is
be said
it
to
a priori
chosen',
Conversely,
Kant
which
to
is
in
text,
non-
does
time
isolation
(in
that
has
extension
by any obvious
fact
finally
above)
this
time
the
space
time
through
matched
obviously
even
in
indeed
must
is
settled
(as,
Similarly,
house
it
in
concepts
successive.
all,
chapter
time
is
what
'badly
are
it
of
Kant
house
the
through
movement
in
contrary
procession
-
appearances.
to
at
or
to
and it
concerned.
that,
steady
which
are
system,
appearance,
and
be apprehended
cannot
the
its
of
synthetic
indisputably
a house,
of
succession
as
that
Kant
to
Kant's
of
of
they
constitution
as synonymous
extension
critical
because
according
manifold
extend
the
rather
reason,
as concerns
successive
the
this
require
Firstly,
dilemma
central
centrality
within
obviously
the
of
simultaneous
temporality
that
symptomatic
especially
and the
ship
drifts
visibly
in
through
space
as
well
prove
the
possibility
Kant
set
out
as
through
of
an object's
the
time.
But
thematise
(erkennen)
change
in
nature,
found
the
science
of
metaphysics
which
here
qua
physics,
is
in
possible
precepts
(cf.
for
VII.
)).
But
the
and
reducible
rational
V. -
parts
equivalent
the
of
former
Equally
of
Kant's
Although
in
speak
den Strom
fahren
yet
or
in
a ship
due to
of
itself
manipulation
discuss
the
on
in
the
the
case
of
There
in
example,
this
down
a stream
("Ich
or
unmanned;
ship
was drifting
from,
the
to
according
Kant
as
he seeks
of
the
down
the
of
is
for
as
twist
sly
following
the
on,
Kant
Schiff
does
sehe
z. B.
ein
is
that
a ship
would
then
in
German
-
would
be in,
it
-
a stream
stream,
rather
would
be
like
is
an
this
scenario
might
rather
than
as an example,
of
In
the
of
this
more usual
a navigator
which
depend
on their
movement
or
technicians.
case of
movement would
skilled
-75-
not
a rather
it
nature
craftspeople
part
down a stream
a similarly
of
obviously
are
or
objects
not
such
demonstrate).
controlled
is
(as
Kant;
an analogy,
to
is
ships
of
activity
movement
theorises
this
about
normal
Introduction
commented
peculiar
(the
on
former
succession.
even
based
drifting
a ship
drifting
control
are
latter.
rarely
is
nature,
latter
or
What
of
B and
the
of
(He must
science
physics
The
space.
to
recognising
both
in
correctly
the
skills
-
of
material
of
to
because
here
Instead,
experience.
quoted
down a stream,
examples
thereof)
his
consciousness,
succession
going
the
If
separate
commended
the type
lack
segeln).
is
have
both
natural
forces
how the
which
mechanics
").
was out
as object
object
a ship
it
if
to
subject
of
is
show
nature
objective
hinabtreiben.
drift
only
this
of
task
space.
of
part
possiblities
is
of
possibility
can
his
only
through
Preface
movement
the
not
KrV/CPR,
in
theoretical
manipulation
of
forming
change
a necessary
reason.
it
example
though,
puzzling,
an example
fact
the
by describing
exhausted
to
but
condition
principle
to
is
progression
to
of
it
person.
(or
be
Hence
perceived
And although
between
the difference
to
opposed
objects
its
constructs
which
nevertheless
of
in
object
physics
The
to
the
forces
of
(which
produces
the
conceivable
anything
the
about
repeats,
succession
which
all
our
given
free
But it
is
for
a physics
Kant
latter
type
is
perhaps
the
central
what
began by being
find
made objects,
But
struck
it
the
more
study
of
comforting
than
rather
alien,
in
a
even when
by speaking
of
a compromise
between
drifting)
the
is
on the
might
physics.
it
causality,
focuses
fundamentally
cause
the
example
a ship
the
and human
engineering
fails
to
demonstrate
in
object.
apprehension
to
the
plane,
In
down'.
thought
this
It
the
of
merely
necessary
inner
of
temporal
sense)
Kant's
too,
example,
essentially
all
spatialise
the
one-dimensionality
alleged
'drift
representations
ship
succession
spatialised
(the
the
of
temporal
necessary
not
in
only
the
demonstration
inappropriate
succession
and objective)
are
relations
that
the
where
Kant
second
of
the
two types
displays
Analogy
of
some
problems.
At one of
proof
relevance
as
rein.
(subjective
obvious
physis
ship),
instincts
pre-critical
of
of
mechanical
found
least
of
would
on an explicitly
in
that
seemingly
ways
all
at
he has
(which
nature
which
remain
conceptuality
down a stream
drifting
to
(objects
of
exclusively
a world
which
terms
seeks
being
in
objects
in
Kant
reason
moving
natural
no further
of
merely
science
-a
himself
subsumable
In
objects
which
natural
of
is
a discussion
objects.
world
techne)
that
of
imagine
and made objects
interesting
concept
to
of
natural
of
the
mentioned
of
to
points
apriority
above,
apprehension
according
the
the
with
the
in
of
the
manifold
formulation
the
the
chapter
category
of
reiteration
in
the
appearance
which
he gives
-76-
starts
causality
of
up the
he begins,
one certainty,
is
always
his
major
as already
namely
successive.
premise
syllogistic
that
Or,
here:
the
"In
jederzeit
Vorstellungen
"In
the
times
to
- not
statement,
manifold
of
(KrV/CPR
A198, B243, t. m. )
minor
but
the
is
and one which
das Mannigfaltige
der
"
the
appearances
successive"
He proceeds
folgt
nacheinander.
of
synthesis
at all
Erscheinungen
der
Synthesis
der
premise
delivered
in
to
is
representations
a blatantly
incorrect
dogmatic
an uncharacteristically
t one:
Objekt
kein
"Hierdurch
wird
nun gar
Folge,
allen
Apprehensionen
die
unterschieden
wird.
"
"Now no object
is
being
succession
distinguished
Contrary
from
to
not so then
the
precisely
of
that
all
(in
the
this
last
that
it
represented
house,
representation
of
not
become
dieser
welchem
from
the
Analogy
in
lieu
the
the
Kant
ich
Folge
second
of,
major
this
really
die
the
cited
case
course
of
apprehension.
of
an object
provokes
premise
to
the
conclusion.
status
incidentally,
necessary
were
at
reproduced
in
impression
argumentative
onus to
falls
the
of
causality,
runs
this
an
as a result
lingering
the
that
perception
The sentence
rather
on which
If
comes about
which
the
which,
be the
of
as,
hiatus
being
t. m. )
than
and universal
is
nothing
above).
'conclusion',
necessary
the most conspicuous
"So bald
synthesis
example
convincingly
chapter.
the
must
diese
by this
since
ibid.,
by
and discussed
from
is
it
would
stands
But it
here,
synthesis,
quote
progression
" (KrV/CPR
durch
weil
vom andern
(sic];
apprehensions
all
else.
claims
nichts
hereby
represented
anything
ist,
gemein
common to
Kant
what
being
is
object
is
which
[sic];
vorgestellt
through
show
that
contains
the
entire
writes:
aber
eine
wahrnehme,
Beziehung
Vorstellung
nach
oder
auf
[besser
gesagt)
den vorhergehenden
einer
Regel
-77-
folgt:
voraus
Zustand
so stelle
annehme,
sei,
ich
daß in
aus
etwas
vor
als
Begebenheit...,
Zeit
auf
eine
gewisse
as I
as soon
there
succession
that
den ich
setzen
muß, die
nicht
anders
erteilt
werden
or (rather]
to
a relation
is,
Gegenstand,
einen
Stelle
perceive
is
erkenne
bestimmte
follows
representation
an event...
ich
Zustande,
vorhergehenden
"But
d. i.
I come to
determinate
place
in
cannot
be allotted
to
differently.
time
nach dem
that
from
state
so I represent
a rule:
know an object
certain
it
preceding
der
kann. "
assume beforehand
the
to
according
ihm,
in
in
this
which
the
something
as
which
I have to
put
after
the
preceding
state,
" (KrV/CPR
ibid.
t. m. my insertion
,
which,
at
a
and omissions)
Whilst
this
is
causality
is
nonetheless
it
unproblematic
as a description
applied
to
appearances
(of
begs
the
question,
that
I perceive
(wahrnehme)
type
of
should
relation
here
to
detailed
when
a
-
account
of
the
the
understanding
in
to
intuitions
must
provide.
Thus
the
explain
the
reasons
connected
according
throughout
this
between
turn
the
to
chapter,
subjective
he actually
are
is
succession
any
concept
and objective
the
and
unanswered,
these
precisely
Analogy
operates
with
the
for
ground
whereas
that
this
first
each
pure
concept
what
the
place
of
Principles
be able
to
should
be
Kant,
differentiation
in
their
this
chapter
succession
does
differentiation,
that
can be realised
it
is
the
should
the
nowhere
that
why it
And although
succession,
which
operation),
annehme)
representations
causality.
of
in
applying
second
that
(voraus
appearances
for
by means of
subjective
merely
averted
case,
of
establish
criteria
of
is
given
obviously
convincingly
say which
in
why,
mechanics
grounds
on the
chapter
concept
the
or assume beforehand
be applied
how the
of
does
take
what
is
or
this
place
in
the obJects.
Instead
nightmare
of
these
countenancing
a world
of
scenario
foremost
a world
knowledge
disappears
devoid
of
questions,
regularity
without
without
causality,
altogether
for
Kant
him:
-78-
paints
and that
which
the
for
him the
first
means
possibility
and
of
"Man
nach
setze,
es
einer
Regel
vor
gehe
folgen
einer
Begebenheit
müßte,
so
in
der
Apprehension,
solche
Weise
nur
ein
Spiel
der
Objekt
bezöge...
mithin
gar
nicht
lediglich
...
"Let
wäre
d. i.
nothing
us suppose
to
a rule,
preceded
so all
that
apprehension,
is,
representations
of
thus
cannot
count
B239f,
t. m.
,
my omissions
an event
which
for
the
auf
gar
eines
Gegenstandes
had
to
follow
only
be in
and
italics)
at
the
mercy
of
the
point
more
kein
nicht
darauf
meiner
Einbildungen
etwas
notwendig,
the
preceding
it,
I
necessarily
play
posit
upon
I
objective
to
8247, t. m.
,
my italics)
myself,
concept
admitted,
imagination
understood
of
would
validity
objective
is
sie
or
illusion
as the
a world
which
ich
and
if
the
I
shock
all
für
nur
Begebenheit
ich
mir
darunter
"
event
would
not
to
regard
it
as
it
as something
have
yet
subjektives
ein
Traum nennen.
merely
would
to
die
stellete
und
and
A194f,
must be primordial,
und
sie
bloßen
einen
my imaginings
of
setze,
müssen,
I
follow
the
halten
and
he writes:
when
so würde
object...
enough
causality
Vorhergehende
vor,
if
subjective
sternly
Objektives
"Otherwise,
that
represented
have
to
call
it
of
the
pure
concept
a mere
of
dream
a
"(KrV/CPR
causality
we condemn ourselves
subjective
a dream.
So objectivity,
here
of
prevalence
corresponds
_7g_
the
understanding
and its
to
the
of
structures
A201f
as an a
to a merely
to
and
have
only
such an unpredictable
was not
realisation
das
ich
wenn
way we would
(KrV/CPR
the
"Widrigenfalls,
this
"
into
reiterates
In
would
object.
of knowledge
the
it
which
any
lovers
formation
sich
of
knowledge
representations'
course
das
any
of
of
auf
to
as a mere 'play
play
würden
relate
farrago
priori
Wir
not
would
being
Unless
nur
perception
subjective...
of
doch
Wahrnehmung
irgend
upon
of
thought
And as if
Spiel
der
haben,
Erkenntnis
succession
merely
a play
folgte
dieselbe
subjektiv...
Vorstellungen
vor
worauf
Folge
alle
bloß
vorher,
kann. "
gelten
according
Kant
nichts
of
continuous
consciousness,
is
the
the
of
guarantor
only
irregular
and incommunicable
sensibility
the
'merely
and imagination.
The fact
that
Kant
becomes
clear
the
through
quite
Analogy
second
in
the
Bedeutung...?
"
how does
representation
..
acquire
this
The conjunction
here
appears
to
that
Kant
wants
We have
already
instance
in
its
in
of
re-thinking
implying
thereby
objectivity.
for
schema,
a temporality
produces
need
the understanding
it
is
to
said
discussion
of
once more lies
leads
Kant
move in
on Kant
imposed
to
space
in
the
not
above)
trajectory
has causal
these
time
examples
the
realise
(the
in
specific
temporality
the
in
that,
claim
is
essential
time
and that
at
it
is
which
function
the
the
the
critical
great
unrepresentability
due to
the
of
house,
his
in
indicated,
`itself`
the
which
does
cf.
not
my
down a unilinear
drifts
movement.
incapacity
understanding's
non-linear,
can be associated
-80-
have
an object
example
this
time
of
to which
clarity
which
of
The
primacy
according
of
of
critique,
system.
obstacle,
which
of
on the
with
instance,
say`,
specificity
demands
to
again
to
in
non-spatial
as I hope to
(his
is
representational
structures
rational
surface
all
und
and
transcendence
reductive
deny
'that
of
absolute
essentially
properties
itself
insistence
an object
necessity
beyond
problems
last
which
go out
for
allegedly
question
heraus,
according
The chief
causality.
the
formulation:
locate
to
experience)
organise
discussion
In
the
(and
to
tendency
his
transcendence
equates
selbst
the
how this
by
of
A197, B242, t. m. )
seen
insurmountable
seemingly
limitations
here
have
unpredictable,
aus sich
turn
?" (KrV/CPR
meaning...
objective
in
here
following
bekommt objektive
wie geht
the
subjective',
he restates
when
wiederum
11
diese
realm
Vorstellung
"...
transcending
of
of
and objectivity
runs
possibility
non-rational,
with
the
to
pre-conscious
imagination,
Kant's
to
according
own characterisation
in the
Transcendental
argument,
insofar
type
of
of
to
temporality
inability
Kant's
the
of
-
unconscious
possibilities
finally
in
or
his
his
of
progression
the
to
project
which
avowed
the
into
emerges
project
ruptures
progression
due
and
an objective
to
at
exhaust
-81-
as well
breakdown
object
to
namely
slide
the
Analogy
the
object.
by delimiting
unstoppable
to
this
the
be related
-
in
theorise
subjective
affecting
it
leads
apprehension
appear
production
of
a merely
subjective
sciences
and
cannot
the
explicit
rational
Judgements
Kant
again
would
between
of
nexus
a causal
which
and
that
between
Deduction)
and
time
ýý-mpirical
those
as
of
it
between
to
that
nature
necessitates,
nor
due
progression,
for
The
reason
the
irresolvable
this
crucial
tensions
the
claims
domain
of
synthetic
to
(very
much
implicit)
precisely
that
point
themselves.
the
of
the
found
a
as
knowledge
a priori
theory
where
the
II. The Containment
deal
to
course
Analogies,
the
Throughout
Matter
of
temporal
with
Thus
appearances
themselves,
in
theoretical
conceptualisation,
are
organised
causality
is
always
necessarily
structured,
change
or whether
events
in
causal
succession
in
object)
the
is
a priori
the
Kant
needs
concepts
themselves
to
in
terms
of
causality.
to
address
is
whether
to
which
is
experience
undergo
Kant' s name for
being
Thus
causality.
Kant
the
error
namely
to
misunderstand
the
Pein
zu empfinden,
nicht
Punkt
seiner
Aufgabe
was er
eben
of
and
themselves
of
a repetition
things
in
in
of
of
perception
things
due
realm
modes of
Cevent'
occur
the
is
aim
whether
according
whether
not
be avoided,
to
our
arise
and connected
which
in
relations
from
Kant's
which
in
reading
Hume's
accuses
being
claims
made
causality:
"Man
ganz
...
kann
es,
und
gar
immer
das
dagegen
aber
bezweifeln
"One
in
cannot
opponents...
given
would
It
the
the
of
Analogy,
second
detractors
for
question
Analytic,
need never
isolation
the
one
or
question
Obviously,
only
the
relations
the
only.
throughout
as
is
entirely
eine
seine
Gegner...
annahmen,
mit
Heftigkeit...
dasjenige
den Sinn
the
missed
never
that
ensue
task
and...
conversely
proved
of
doubting.
" (Prol/P
theory
is
of
the
it
claims
adequate.
The
issue,
as
is
what
type
when causality
is
the
in
this
-82-
und
verfehlten
bezweifelte,
zu
niemals
pain,
how entirely
always
assumed
vigour
with
258, t. m.
,
that
this
knowledge
of
fundamental
that
as
which
he
which
and by
for
is
knowledge
though,
his
my omissions)
of knowledge
production
that
insofar
causality,
a certain
and
Kant's
unquestioned
(Wissenschaft)
point
dreamt
sciences,
of
so
"
feeling
his
wie
ansehen,
was ihm
bewiesen,
gekommen war...
without
observe,
have
to
den
zugestanden
which
clear
gewisse
als
he doubted
natural
according
ohne
produced
remains
(Wissen)
or science
organising
principle
and whether
this
is
In
short,
Kant's
nature.
in
(here
the
considered
First
that
of
technical
most
sense
the
point
all
the,
perhaps
the
investigation
that
word)
view
of
rather
obvious,
based
on the
nature
of
things
in
confined
to
a theory
less
hidden
is
it
of
the
(now
exclusively
to
say
that
Kant's
no
unrealised
values
Nietzsche,
to
in
is
and
these
thinking
as the
productions
chief
Principle
production
of
point
to
needs
central
proviso
themselves
is
of
to
needs
that
of
be
be reiterated
no knowledge
possible
but
that
how appearances
are
produced,
assumptions
and
prejudices
phenomenal)
world
than
reinscribed
the
task
thereby
to
determine
what
type
writings,
the
value.
critically
it
which
diagnose
itself
causality
is
nature
asserts
to
which
with
is
way of
of
of
carries
That
desirable
adherence
from
critique,
concerning
the
the
of
the
concerning
any
other
ontology
'physician',
of
the
what
kind
will
to
ontology.
is
imbued
in
the
with
mode of
of
physiology
power
dominates
in
t hem.
Before
attempting
Nietzsche'
From Protagoras
through
belief
originator
type
within
of
Kant,
formulated
explicitly
this
to
philosophy
quite
of
undisturbed.
of
value
to
in
its
cloaked
in
as one of
its
chief
leads
to
the
the
epistemological
to
of
the
language
of
truths.
assumption
unproblematic
both
this
of
homo mensura,
the
most
proprietary
are
raised,
a man-made theology,
to
values
human being
as the
With
of
subject-object
remains
and a positivistic
-83-
whether
regard
framework
representational
issues
Its
be made6.
revaluation
principle
whereby
need
concerning
comments
and human being.
values
fundamentally
As opposed
preliminary
the
naturally
values,
thinking)
which
or
some
lies
between
exists
which
matter
undoubtedly
aspect
relation
runs
on the
s thinking
significant
a diagnosis,
such
of
a (for
relation
entirely
scientism
which
this
fact-value
up the
throws
between
relation
it
that
'has'
is
By the
values
human
in
dealings
its
Nietzsche's
time
Nietzsche's
being
reverses
being
which
deliberately
the
with
to
notions,
self-possessed
human subject,
have
to
power
with
itself
values,
- to
for
give
not
originary
of
them
underwrite
flows
of
nature
of
the
fact
sight
is
is
what
life
meant
("Leben
a special
does
it
all
other
"Der
ist
case of
solely
could
be manipulated
Instead,
'principle',
what
of
will
the
exclusively.
That
through
which
has of
misapprehension
to
since
to
power
-
do otherwise
even
zur
to
KSA 13,14
11211;
power"
by means
of
human
is
being
but
der
Bildung
be to
of
upon
never
loses
values
- which
(organic)
to
is
"Life
Macht";
Einzelfall
as
imposed
confined
Willens
played
would
Nietzsche
-
not
human
course
as articulation
is
production
being
and categorisations
self-interest
-
subject-
are
values
human
of
des
will
around
does
'interpretation'
ein
misleading
to
And -
will
power
and the
classifications
the
to
will
power
misunderstanding
this
keeping
to
instruments
by a
and in
will
power
any
WM/WP no. 692),
equally
at
eines
Organs
only
nor
work
in
organisms:
Wille
es sich
zur
um eine
Macht
als
das jedes
solche
andere
bei
interpretiert:
Interpretation;
Machtverschiedenheiten.
nicht
values
between
by humanistic
operate
emerges,
structured
rise
the
relation
been Jettisoned.
rules
so
their
grammar
the
to
bloß
regrettably
to
predominant).
by
or
even entirely
the
that
'uses'
is
divisions,
the
origin,
it
(although
been
traditionally
of
So much so that
of
as one
order
world.
of
which
the
of
factual
as productive
distinguish
is
that
features
should
the
due
inevitable
relations
being
will
values.
produces
object
out
of
primacy
although
of
according
the
'external',
understanding
voluntaristic
the
re-thinking
human
and
longer
no
values
distinction,
er grenzt
Bloße
empfinden:
Etwas
-84-
Grade,
bestimmt
könnten
Machtverschiedenheiten
es muß ein
wachsen-wollende
ab,
wachsen-wollendes
auf
seinen
handelt
Wert
sich
Etwas
hin
noch
da sein,
interpretiert.
-
In
Liber
etwas
zu
werden.
Interpretieren
fortwährendes
to
will
it
delimits,
differentials
of
power.
Mere
such:
a something
other
something
In
that
that
something.
(The
(KSA 12,2
11481,
It
be clear
should
this
in
that
It
someone.
is,
values.
Two instances
distinguished:
those
(for
in
shape
be called
it
which
two
classes
turn
of
or
according
to
its
value.
of
becoming
as
interprets
every
Therein
equal
master
over
interpreting).
continual
cited
values
by the
say
levels
of
values,
in
its
human
to
above),
being
"
determine
immediate
is
power
to
the
be the
The
clear
source
this
may
and which
anthropomorphic
etc.
and
-
according
the
between
relation
in
discusses
particular
scientific
ethical,
be
to
have
each
sense
as opposed
environment.
which
Nietzsche
which
to
over
therefore,
which
itself
mentioned
master
to
will
status
a very
made particularly
werden")
becoming
rather
values;
interprets
etwas
is
flatters
being
über
individual
philosophical,
-
is
("Herr
originary
physiological
human
in
that
anything,
inhabit
traditional
which
of
themselves
sense
be there,
human
any
primary,
and
therefore
to
of
passage
physiology
of
a question
differentials
must
a means
that
the
they
system
yet
presupposes
if
mastered
any
not
setzt
is
an organ
degrees,
could
mastery
to
refer
not
interpretation,
of
power
itself
the
by the
values
of
Mittel
ein
Prozeß
organische
determines
process
or
instance
formation
is
something
positing
the
Interpretation
WM/WP no. 643, t. m. )
does
note
"
wills-to-grow
organic
ist
(Der
wills-to-grow
Interpretation
truth
Wahrheit
voraus).
interprets
power
interpretation;
of
-
gleich
um Herr
selbst,
"The
Darin
from
passage
Götzen-Dämmerung:
"Wenn
Optik
selbst
"When
wir
des
Lebens:
durch
wertet
we speak
perspective
values
von
Werten
of
through
of
life:
reden
reden,
das
Leben
uns,
values
life
selbst
wenn wir
we speak
itself
us when we posit
wir
der
unter
zwingt
uns
Inspiration,
Werte
das
anzusetzen,
Leben
"
Werte
ansetzen.
under
the
forces
us to
values.
" (KSA 6, GD/TI,
-85-
der
unter
inspiration,
posit
under
values,
V, 6,5,
life
the
itself
t. m. )
known that
It
is
the
life
form,
it
puts
its
or
whether
well
the
phenomenon,
finger
its
by the
Platonism
or
occurrence,
or
for
idealist
is
bot
Menschen
einen
absoluten
Zufälligkeit
die
else
the
pulse
is
in
speculative
whether
on which
in
an uninhibited
any
way interrupted
reason
Wert,
Werdens
did
the
Christian
an absolute
value,
contingency
in
the
of
WM/WP no. 4,
t. in. )
This
of
exhaustion
im Gegensatz
des
human being
state
stream
this
affairs,
way
-
(whether
as
verlieh
dem
passage
and
incapacity
for
smallness
mecum for
[71),
12,5
is
indicative
of
for
instance
the
practitioner
of
such
Verwechslung,
keine
Thus
the
and
away"(KSA
expenditure,
lent
It
offer?
passing
decadence.
und
"
its
to
becoming
a vale
provides
Kleinheit
hypothesis
moral
terms
Sie
zu seiner
Vergehens.
und
as opposed
Nietzsche
which
Moral-Hypothese?
christliche
im Strom
advantages
following
discover
Christianity):
Vorteile
the
to
itself
(self-)expenditure
of
seeks
whatever
discharging
impositions
"Welche
"Which
diagnosis
to,
belongs
capacity
typically
Nietzschean
diagnoses:
"Es
einen
gibt
Begriff,
der
anscheinend
zuläßt:
das
ist
der
-
In
Zweideutigkeit
sein;
der
kann
sie
Dinge,
welche
er
voller,
den
und
er
Leben:
dessen
"There
der
-
in
fühlt,
Reiche
of
each
ein
exhaustion.
case
Arme
it
abgibt
der
der
-
aus
der
an die
Dinge,
was er
an Leben
der
This
changes
-86-
can
the
sieht,
er
-
kann,
verarmt
verarmt
Erste
Der
es.
noch
ist
no
no confusion,
be acquired,
it
of
things,
aspect
sie
"
Hinzuschenkender...
admits
Fülle,
schenken
Schwache
bereichert
of
sie
jedenfalls
alles
Starke
apparently
which
der,
zu dem,
Der
Zweite
Aspekt
Im Gegensatz
sieht
an Leben
den
verändert
Erschöpfte
schädlich...
erworben
Falle
unfreiwillig
der
verhunzt
der
that
Dinge..
kann
Diese
Erschöpfung.
der
jedem
zukunftsreicher
a concept
ambiguity:
inherited
ist
Parasit;
is
der
und
mächtiger,
den Wert:
das
Wert
darstellt
verkleinert
sein
vererbt
keine
can
be
the
value
of
In
things...
to
contrast
feels,
him
involuntarily
represents
and
fully,
more
powerfully,
give,
the
exhausted
impoverishes
the
value:
impoverishes
life:
the
its
t he second
to
able
parasite;
with
So in
either
case,
the
wholly
involuntary
via
depleted,
that
life,
whereas
in
is
indicative
host
to
this
With
the
necessary
is
human being.
In
one case
is
of
it
can
not
to
as
come to
could
and
civilisations
an exhausted
physiology
thought
because
issues,
Nietzsche
of
the
continents
which
otherwise
the
the
he
which
is
distribution.
the
philosophical
It
is
of
That
mechanism.
at
a certain
time
for
several
millenia
must be ready
this
its
But
'.
..
theory.
fore
In
than
affairs
a life-negating
such
of
7.
be inherited.
of
such a
expends
rather
cause
out
enriched
thereby
two-world
the
being
physiological
the
itself
in
plenitude
human
a state
a necessary
of
luxurious
orientation
for
causes
human being
on these
why one
describes
thinking
is
which
ruminations
referred
cultures,
such
to
thought
function
and
as
not
could
ascendency.
acceptance
to
symptom
name which
parasitic
have gained
themselves
case,
is
WM/WP no. 48, t. m. )
play
weaken
be acquired,
Platonism
of
of
[ 681,
values
involuntary
assuming
the
but
two-world
whole
can
against
the
Platonistic
dominate
...
which
only
" (KSA 13,14
into
prevails:
course
The first
wealth
it
impoverishment
it...
equally
'
instance
enriches
the
physiological
question
rate
weak yet
another,
upon
any
the
strong
his
at
life
life
throughout
who is
-
of
rich
a world
more
he
-
The poor
comportment
them
sees
he sees,
harmful...
adds gifts...
he
all
he is
of
which
and ruins
the
the
for
future
and
touches
Thus
promising
deplete
barely
nothing
things,
turn
above,
itself
to
through
as
warns
gives
fullness
themselves
passage
repeatedly
the
repeat
own physiological
other
of
diminishes
unconscious
in
they
a more
out
values
weakened
manner
from
who,
re-examine
of
the
primacy
phenomena
of
under
-87-
physiological
values
it
the
these
types
aspect
of
becomes
of
values
have
which
shaped
and
continue
to
shape
them
The
question
in
previous
'what
is
it? '
which
enquires
into,
identity
of
transformed
from
the
predicated
on the
assumption
addressed,
to
'which
the
of,
values
are
productive
processes
into
a question
concerning
the
("Die
Frage
Werte
ist
fundamentaler
more
fundamental
der
of
question
is
values
WM/WP no. 588).
12,7 [49],
belongs
to
a radically
Because
truth
and,
ultimate
measure
possibility
have
of
lost
their
knowability,
to
continue
is
have
instead
oriented
philosophy,
knowledge
and
allure.
Instead
the
thinking
in
the
determine
the
value
Nietzsche
is
doing
this,
are
innumerable
but
Frage
der
Gewißheit";
"The
than
the
question
of
KSA
this
that
following
unwahrscheinlich,
daß
latter
question
the
are
no longer
foremost
truth,
hitherto
former.
for
obstacles
of
itself
with
questions
As always
His
unambiguous.
sums
knowledge
physiological
knowledge.
issue
must
comes
to
on the
remarks
up the
of
method
it
when
the
of
theory
Nietzsche's
the
a
question
central
ensuing
concerning
quote
certainty"
than
the
invariably
physiology
project
become
completely
the
the
to
of
turns
die
will
of
and thereby
als
the
wake
is
its
the
of
it
which
case? '
is
and
of
philosophical
importantly,
more
this
to
is
case
constitutive
in
clear
different
but
physiologically
It
in
that
each
topic
succinctly
enough:
"Es
ist
es knapp
"It
is
scarcely
zur
des Lebens
Erhaltung
improbable
that
the
should
is
than
further
extend
life.
"(KSA
11,36
present
form,
is
of
preservation
als
sollte,
reichen
weiter
"
ausreicht.
'knowing'
our
for
sufficient
'Erkennen'
unser
1 19),
WM/WPno. 494, t. m. )
Whet we call
knowledge,
an impoverished
preservation
dissemination
way of
(Erhaltung)
of
energy.
in
knowledge
relating
of
And
the
to
life,
even
its
world;
does
it
in
its
-88-
not
is
interested
in
promote
excess
and
it
preservation
it
is
such
precisely
the
the
miserly,
it
only
scarcely
for
its
(knapp)
preservation.
the
question
admits
whatever
is
It
improbable,
although
not
is
an instance
than
more
any
that
this
of
be the
to
can be estimated
but
or
knowledge,
of
value
allows
issue
of
values,
too,
structured
in
terms
of
an economy
in
any
Platonistic
-
and
thus
Platonism
in
philosophy
its
the
more
on lack.
world
(matter,
to
copy,
a pale
long
as the
the
imitation
this
course
precisely
the
any of
its
varieties,
them,
later
kinds
which
questions
of
firmly
which
in an unequivocally
human activity,
they
elaboration
-
constitutive
before
of,
it.
Platonistic
retrace
It
human
follows
conscious,
being
from
this
according
manifest
knowledge
be
It
known
is
not
to
add to the
different
from
that
in
one
above,
chapter
and
noumenon)
of
which
But
belief
of
the
lesser
with
is
best
it
is
at
Platonism
values
are
productive
it
is
only
Because
as
is
of
and
to
And this
to
a
tenable
only
unasked.
addresses
types
based
reversal
is
remains
Kantian
of
on a violently
it
this
is
of
these
points
of
origin
by any
form
of
other-worldly
realm.
is
and
predicated
them.
values
That
is
alleged
any
albeit
-
natural.
structures
the
are
who
s thinking
deficient,
which
sustain
physiological
Christianity
Nietzsche
namely
relocate
those
failure
Nietzsche'
of
thinking
intra-phenomenal
To recapitulate,
of
(God,
of
physiology
its
radically
-
is
which
question
of)
anti-physiological,
body)
form
that
is
logic
world
from
As was shown
(a simulacrums).
of
whence
which
specifically
' real'
other,
to
self-preservation.
clear
aspects
and,
regard
is
two-world
rationalistic
form
current
judging
philosophy.
anti-materialist
'This'
it
known
life.
of
On the
inherent
meagre
case,
dimensions
(self-)disseminative
(the
(ausreicht)
sufficient
are
in
a difficult
to
they
say
produced
not
sense
precede,
and
are
it
the
anthropomorphic
values
that
the
of,
to
or
this
examination
`theory'
anthropomorphic
-89-
of
for
values
values
in
stands
which
need
themselves
carries
instance,
will
have to
inherent
in
to
Platonism
are a necessary
apparent
unconscious,
latent
or
elaboration.
In
the
process
physiology
is
the
which
type
as
Platonism
Insofar
is
becomes
it
deficiency,
of
to be undone,
life,
which
sustain
thought
of
an originary
plenitude
world,
to
the
of
nothing
new theory
of
is
impoverished,
them from
within
with
is
'this'
of
the
diagnostic
Kant
continues
to
dream
this
diagnostic
'eternal
truths'
or
outside
the
the
of
sphere
of
strategic
is
which
this
to
will
most
unproduced
sphere
be sustained
can
urgent
-
and
that
its
value-productions
claims
to
the
this
of
any
whenever
and
power
to
according
'factual'
of,
is
purportedly
anything
forms
the
world,
procedure
such
of
thought
others9.
a neutral,
task
and
parasitic
all
they
which
lack
thinking,
to
the
In
of
no aspirations
as
become
of
which
from
exempt
should
it
an ontology
values,
fact
longer.
all
of
elaboration.
of
forms
overcome
values
this
site
this
war on all
and to
exclusion
Because
objectivity,
it
if
this
of
on such
imperative,
declare
to
the
predicated
is
physiological
any
means
-
is
the
will
invoked.
Thus
especially
anything
scientificity,
thereby
objectivity,
to
needs
lays
which
seeking
shelter
be exposed
to
that
in
the
of
status
bastion
alleged
anti-humanist
of
blasts
of
der
decadence
to
power:
"Es
gibt
auf
die
"There
the
und
Ideale
der
Wissenschaft"
is
ideals
This
of
eine
tiefe
of
forced
"Gegen
and
science"
innocence
(KSA
den
Tatsachen',
würde
the
welcher
ich
sagen:
to
bei
dem Phänomen
-90-
decadence
by a 'theory'
will
nein,
of
selbst
on
even
WM/ JP no. 53, t. m. )
be countered
can only
Positivismus,
1401;
13,14
by
effect
unconscious
completely
interpretation
originary
nur
a deep
unbewußte
vollkommen
Wirkung
of
and
values
power:
gerade
stehnbleibt
Tatsachen
gibt
`es
gibt
es nicht,
Wir
Interpretationen.
nur
vielleicht
ist
"Against
positivism
I would
say:
there
no,
no fact
that.
kein
Faktum
so etwas
halts
which
are
especially
'in
itself':
" (KSA 12,7
(60],
And so the
question
as to
which
values
case
the
first
in
willing
to
act
as the
display
the
signs
decadence,
model
of
they
apologist
betray
preservation
their
as
becoming
a science
of
becoming
be envisaged
in,
becoming,
a multiple
being
a world
of
Welt
könnte
im strengen
in
terms
of
In the
latter
its
turn
a series
case
anymore.
to,
attention
It
processes.
of
of an ' object'
formation
the
that
in
of
That
an 'object'
would
is
objects.
or projected
it
which
ideals
respective
of
the
to an implicit
aspiration
to speak
to
discourses
support
(expenditure).
make sense
could
these
they
their
of
than
If
by believing
by the
themselves
If
if
physiology,
themselves
finally
want
to a philosophy
ideals.
rather
course
to
a nonsense
We
them must be taken
Critique,
be conceived
of
submerged
inform
will
does not
facts',
only
WM/WP no. 481, t. m. )
these
of
is
are
interpretations.
only
it
objects
it
only
of
-
(preservation)
and become
of
an exhausted
of
will
to say that
being
the
'there
phenomenon
perhaps
feststellen:
sich'
"
no facts,
something
and,
'an
zu wollen.
the
at
like
sciences
is
Unsinn,
es ein
can determine
können
is
as
such can proceed:
"Eine
werdende
'erkannt'
werden:
Intellekt
aus
eine
lauter
in
but
only
:
becoming
only
an already
become
insofar
is
-
insofern
nur
as
insofar
as
something
geworden,
world,
this
kind
like
WM/WP no. 520, t. m. )
-91-
wie
'Erkenntnis'...
"
intellect
'knowing'
and
from
..
Schein
be 'comprehended',
sense,
mere
has
appearance
'knowledge'.
Art
diese
insofern
constructed
of
gezimmert
es etwas
strict
nicht
und 'erkennende'
vorfindet,
' comprehending'
the
crude
Welt
gibt
the
in
not,
could
created
there
fest
aber
insofar
fixed,
grobe
geschaffene
hat
erhalten
be 'known'
finds
schon
Scheinbarkeiten,
das Leben
"A world
nur
'begriffen',
nicht
'begreifende'
der
insofern
Sinne
"
semblances,
preserved
(KSA 11,36
life
(231,
-
And:
an sich
im Werden unmöglich;
fiber
selbst,
"Erkenntnis
Irrtum
Als
sich
itself
in
"Knowledge
impossible
possible?
As error
deception.
" (KSA 12,7
for
in
eines
organischen
Lebendiges
seine
Kraft
davon.
as
far
thinking,
how then
zur
is
knowledge
as will
to
invested
biology,
power,
a metaphysically
treatment
digression
positing
the
the
cardinal
drive
of
an organic
being.
alive
this.
of
namely
between
outline.
But
in
causality
Nietzschean
The impression
not be perceived
"Wahrheit':
to
before
first
the
distinction
of
and
will
nur
drive
der
eine
for
Above
Nietzsche's
physiological
expenditure,
has
returning
discussion
Critique,
a brief
but
expand
thought
of
of
forces
Irrtümer
-92-
plenitude
enter
been
only
of
Kant's
important
and complicate
from
only
the
account
so
and preservation
arising
concerns
the
into;
in
they
short,
must
relation:
innerhalb
sondern
is
WM/WP no. 650, t. m. )
the
to
else
all
' preservation'
to
an oppositional
Irrtum,
zum
verschiedener
1631,
be prevented
two types
be in
" (KSA 12,2
expend
by which
must
das bezeichnet
Gegensatz
Stellung
these
force:
preservation
economic
which
its
to
wants
that
which
ist
about
becomes necessary
interaction
'Erhaltung'
die
again
most
this
Vor allem
think
fundamental
of
Wesens anzusetzen.
als
"
consequences
in
den Erhaltungstrieb
auslassen:
this
established
eine
Wille
should
is
that
the
one of
einen
the
Trieb
something
far.
als
WM/WP no. 617, t. m. )
besinnen,
preservation
of
1541,
sich
"Physiologists
given
Macht,
to
as will
sollten
Konsequenzen
Thus
zur
möglich?
warns:
kardinalen
etwas
Erkenntnis
becoming;
of
Physiologen
"Die
itself,
about
example
in
case
Nietzsche
also
"
Täuschung.
Thus,
Wille
als
ist
wie
meiner
in
Denkweise
nicht
den grundsätzlichsten
zueinander...
"
notwendig
Fällen
nur
"'Truth':
within
contrast
to
error,
position
of
different
no. 535,
t. m. )
Furthermore,
exhaustion
plenitude,
is
its
to
to
mirror
image,
truth)
as perpetual
becoming:
von Irrtum,
ist
lebendigen
Wesen nicht
"Truth
is
the
kind
of
error
without
not
live.
" (KSA
11,34
12531
which
is
life
insofar
out of
as
entirety
Nietzsche's
embodies
is
against
of knowledge
or
an error
'this'
world
world.
last
a
thought
Art
kind
of
living
preservation
of
has
for
Human being
of
von
beings
still
plenitude
and truth.
the
this
of
-93-
most
of
type
the
for
of
readily.
truth,
does
in
truth
arises
in
thinking
which
The truth
of
not
a
But this
thinking
plenitudinous
error
Truth
impoverishment.
insufficient
is
a need
preservation.
a fundamental
a world
a miscomprehension
the
towards
of
But
(such
bestimmte
a certain
for
being.
becomings
in
to
WM/WP no. 493, t. m. )
thinking
multiple
primordial
approximation
at
eine
WM/WP
as
that
this
from
(when knowledge
means
which
,
is
life's
in
inevitably
indispensable
is,
transvaluative
of preservation
directed
of
relation
quote
in
orientated
it
complex
"
könnte.
symptom
though
plausible
the
the
intensely
arise
ohne welche
human
is
form
is
truth
leben
namely
life
this
need,
account,
form,
the
can only
an error
"Wahrheit
is
as
thinking
in
as
as expenditure
flux
metaphysically
particular
error
is
is
truth
as preservation
all
truth
The error
WM/WP
assume that
defined)
could
141,
the
of
Art
" (KSA 11,38
from
realm
a
a
clear
unchanging
signify
only
As is
and
die
for
tradition
metaphysical
necessarily
cases,
truth
of
terms.
page),
by the
other...
inappropriate
these
not
fundamental
most
each
does
equation
apparent
between
no. 520 (penultimate
that
the
errors
completely
relationships
a fixed
in
rather,
any simplistic
and of
conceived
thinking
my way of
being
its
and
becoming,
it
is
out
of
a lack
arise
which
case
it
would
merely
remain
truth.
The error
still
grows
to
an error
secondary
and
is
even this
which
out
infinite,
the
of
as Nietzsche
power,
mark of
decadence,
extravagance
life
luxuriates
expenditure
are
economy in
which
blatant
first
to
life.
is
itself
is
in
play
and
erroneous
truth,
possible
on the
basis
is
to
and neutrally
interact
they
the
Even the
This
metaphysical
exuberance
emphasise
only
in.
simply
not
expend
all
of
it
this
most depleted
inexhaustible
calls
through
raging
continually
truth,
to
supplementary
itself
phantasms,
of
life
or will
economy
forces
of
this
most
the
originary
of
say
that
preservation
and
opposed
to
one another;
any
possible
because
life
must
becomings,
or
will
this
economy,
only
an economy
of
of
multiple
to
power.
But
a further
is
there
must be asked
it
of
as existing
'out
after
Nietzsche
names
and life's
it
dissemination
This
been
the
case
Zarathustra
"..
ich
the
idol
the
negation
may lead
the
with
is
no longer
thought
(be it
as ideal,
eternal
form
form
of
for
life's
forces
whether
it
of
in
combat
with
affirmation
of
preservation
incorporation
of
the
that
in
the
of
truths
of
life
human
takes
become
in
dominant.
to
the
human body,
Platonism,
which
itself
is
of
or,
expenditure
of
preservation
devastation
the
to
forces
is
life
of
The site
objectivity).
active
of
of
adventure
determined
being
when the
truth
truth
as a priori
ruinous
is
which
error
that
means
life-negating
is
wandle
zerstreuet
I
of
of
for
as has
as
deplores:
Gliedmaßen
"...
site
battleground
the
process
ongoing
the
pre-given
as
,
the
or
transvaluation
turn,
as
There
there
place,
there'
reactive,
physiology.
the
ancient
Copernican
the
to
is
which
this
dismantling
twist
tread
unter
den Menschen
von Menschen...
wie
über
amongst
ein
ich
wie
[finde)
Schlacht-
unter
den Bruchstücken
den Menschen
Schlächterfeld
und
humans as amongst
-94-
fragments
und
zertrümmert
und
hin. "
limbs
and
of
humans...
I [find)
human being
butchery.
" (KSA 4,
may bring
or it
exchange
latter
the
flows
case,
matter.
Through
productive
in
its
is
truth
in
physiological
a cancerous
Irrtum
Ist
der
kostspieligste
kann;
und
wenn
der
Irrtum
gezahlt,
waren
if
am schlimmsten
is
the
the
what
its
' truths'
1541,
This
only
is
error
For
most
has
possible
even
life
'itself':
sich
der
Mensch
Irrtum
ist,
den
physiologischer
folglich
FUr
luxury
up and developed
mind when this
now in
die
ihre
Menschheit
error
dann
bisher
'Wahrheiten':
gestatten
wird
am meisten
denn
dieselben
permit
itself;
"
being
human
which
the
payed
in
errors
can
atoned
most,
and
life-threatening.
becomes
it
error
all
with
to
the
of
economy of
the
economic
For
the
worst?
"
(KSA 13,16
physiologicis...
to
we briefly
concept
the
within
of
plenitude
originary
thought
(in
to
the
return
its
will
life,
to
power is
should
be
form)
more elementary
of
discussion
attachment
philosophy's
If
forces
is
below.
a position
a rationalistic
it.
the
basis
on the
taken
attached
but
physiologicis...
were
that
namely
in
carries
is
consequently
these
borne
which
the
a physiological
humanity
:
(where
WM/WP no. 454, t. m. )
point,
We are
in
costly
even
for
hat
physiological
instantiation
concerns
case,
Thus when,
only
ein
gebüßt?
Irrtümer
allesamt
"Error
Wofür
former
does not
Luxus,
gar
the
in
can,
poses
growth)
"Der
life
capabilities.
that
life
lebensgefährlich.
as in
or,
the
concern
er
powers
disseminative
error
and
a joyous
processes
life-threatening
which
like
these
of
threat
sustained
human body in
speaks
the
its
the
Nietzsche
errors,
battle
of
my
omissions);
,
of
its
impaired
note,
t. m.
a field
as over
dissipation
of
replenish
following
the
and scattered
Bk II,
the
about
become temporarily
in
ASZ/TSZ,
other
with
smashed
recall
causality,
-95-
to
the
of
notion
the
of
a world
Kant's
vision
of
and the
terror
this
implications
causality
no longer
provokes
in
him
this
because
concept
is
scenario
for
quest
knowledge,
of
possibility
knowledge,
bestgeglaubten
bis
auf
z. B.
des
Geschlecht
zugrunde
Schluß!
Als
bestehen
bleibt!
"
further
believed
belief,
of
ruin
the
truth
were
daß
the
law
they
are
that
as concerns
for
being
any
detachment:
für
mich
gut
-
das
glauben
Wahrheiten?
daß der
würde,
me -
Annahmen
eingeübte
daran
nicht
to
not
human
the
sehr
truths?
that
same
causality,
therefore
fact
the
very
bewiesen
are
of
that
es deswegen
sind
'truths'
a priori
incorporated
by
proven
einverleibt,
damit
the
sind
Kausalität,
Wahrheit
of
mocking
der
ob die
example
But
mildly
Aber
guarantor
naivety
'Wahrheiten'
Gesetz
so
without
würde.
so
race.
who is
richten
in
for
notice,
habits
das
Glaubens,
Welcher
chief
comes as no surprise
a priorischen
weiteres,
most
him the
no more than
with
Gewöhnungen
"The
it
by Nietzsche,
viewed
"Die
for
represents
assumptions
very
well
until
rehearsed
believe
in
What
conclusion!
them would
As if
"(KSA
endures.
Mensch
11,26
1121,
WM/WP no. 497, t. m. )
Here
briefly
we must
universal
lies
appearances
(the
the
a priori
forms
have
the
status
of
truths',
terminology,
eternal
from
which
dissociate
his
own philosophy.
dogmatically
paints
inclined
say that
apriority
realm
the
Kant
of
'a
reason
temporal
do not
only
and
synonymous.
Thus
most
when Nietzsche
the
'truths'
other
times
so eagerly
as one of
the
eternal
truths
to
hide
from
likes
at
-96-
of
the
of
to
subject
of
speaks
with
associated
the
truths,
terms
('universal',
'eternal'
immediately
in
as appearances
are
appearances
of
and
by or
constituted
priori'
himself
causality
(as unconditioned)
understanding,
since
as
a priori
anything
properly
although
and
being
priori'
tradition
Nietzsche
to
Kant
for
effectively
he means
is
But
apriority.
'a
of
sensibility
that
are
definition
which,
conditioned)
of
Kant's
the
outside
follows
it
unchangeable)
priori
That
and necessary.
by definition
change
recall
'a
Kantian
metaphysical
wishes
behind
perpetual
to
which
onslaught
a
of
(or
nature
simply
matter)
interests
of
'truth'
by that
tradition
means of
which
a particular
'truth',
the
self-preservation
law
anthropomorphic
of
is
world
on the
now can
the
it
and
Nietzsche's
out
dissections
of
imposes
itself
upon
multiple
Kant
refers
an event.
That
is
of
the
used
(e. g.
to
term,
the
by the
structures
whereas
Nietzsche's
change in
of subject
basis
can
the
say
the
world
into
enters
into
this
reductive
of
a
and
concept.
views
causality
as such
in
which
of
causality
notes
the
concept
becoming.
It
was mentioned
(succession
inform
values
by which
in
the
he
above
object)
as
him an event
marks
the
the
nexus
upon an occurrence
(in
causal
which
of
translate
be brought
under
the
sway
the
German word
Geschehen,
as
(841,
12,2
from
it
what
that
happens
quoted
Kant's
the
word
which
is
Geschehen
ways,
that
is
use of
A201, B247)
in
are
Analytic
term
the
always
of
is
Kantian
the
understanding
already
first
best
determined
Critique,
concerned
with
rethinking
to say before
the
imposition
and deed upon a multifarious
-97-
below,
WM/WP no. 531,
A194, B239;
is
successful
to
are
the
or
the
which
the
and object
an
being
in
doer
of
human
he elaborates
non-representational
This
anthropos
why Nietzsche
The difference
use of
by
of
innumerable
A192, B237;
parameters
structure
are
at
of
tenets
purposes
of
distinguishing
KrV/CPR
example
there
I would
called
itself.
physiological
processes
the
one of
which
of
by Nietzsche
What is
be asked
for
parochial
the
succession
that
the
for
mechanisms
conceptuality
as 'event'.
of this
the
an objective
thereby
Begebenheit
to
processes
knowledge).
'occurrence',
translated
to
world,
instance
helps
writings
carries
for
prime
be posed
question
concept,
of scientific
the
being
to
preserve
thus
of
the
the natural
knows to
primacy
with
imposition
no more than
on the
commerce
that
fact
which
determines
Throughout
human being.
a belief
time
it.
occupy
is
causality,
same
a reductive
which
life-form
the
Only
indifferent
in
at
which
profoundly
value,
based
regularity
is
which
becoming.
by
demands of
the
And again,
force
the
separation
which
is
conceived
second
to
take
Trennung
"Die
of
in
rather
than
any investment
in
an occurrence
into
doer
and deed,
first
of
and as causing
the
of
place
as its
effect:
des
'Tuns'
vom 'Tuenden',
des
Geschehens
Prozesses
von
einem
Etwas,
das
nicht
Substanz,
Ding,
Körper,
usw.
ist,
-
begreifen
als
und
Stellungs-
des
macht,
dauernd,
das Geschehen
zu
'Seiendem',
Wechsel
von
Glauben
an 'Ursache
von
being
"The
from
that
is
soul
etc.,
'doing'
of
that
but
process
not
the
and
change
mythology
has
fixated
form
in
nachdem
'doer',
the
that
den
from
a
a something
body,
as a kind
of
this
old
had
found
'beings',
of
the
permanent:
in
' cause
and
effect'
after
functions.
-
thing,
substance,
an occurrence
den
hatte.
from
process
Versuch
hat
occurrence
is
linguistico-grammatical
the
der
of
belief
Prozeß,
in
er
Etwas,
einem
Form gefunden
the
of
of
comprehend
von
Mythologie
alte
feste
endures,
position
the
diese
occurrence,
to
of
Verschiebung
eine
the
rather
attempt
shifting
a fixed
the
produces
Art
festgestellt,
Funktionen
division
Seele
Bleibendem:
Wirkung'
und
and substance,
eine
sprachlich-grammatischen
something
the
knowledge
terms
das geschehen
sondern
grammar
it
11391,
(KSA 12,2
-"
WM/WP no. 631, t. in. )
Only
through
forces
move)
act,
into
such
to
effect
a fundamentally
one,
the
as
can
change,
and
carving
(in
two and
assigning
of
an act
up the
cause,
an event
the
being,
of
status
to
the
Kantian
properly
interacting
to say capricious
not
arbitrary,
in
of
multiplicity
other
that
of
metaphysical
sense be conceived:
"Wenn
als
ein
ich
Sein
die
ist,
wir
I say
activity
leuchtet',
Blitz
und das andere
supponiert,
Wirkung
deren
"If
sage
Tätigkeit
bleibt,
'der
und nicht
als
Sein:
uns schuldig
'lightning
and another
so habe
welches
Mal als
mit
' wird'
.der
das ist
Subjekt
das
ich
gesetzt:
Leuchten
einmal
also
Geschehen
zum
ist,
dem Geschehen
nicht
eins
Das Geschehen
als
Wirken
vielmehr
anzusetzen:
Irrtum,
oder
Interpretation,
posited
the
flashing
once as
so that
in
addition
to
doppelte
"
machen.
flashes'
time
I have
as subject:
-98-
an
und
occurrence
I have
presupposed
occurrence,
which
is
an occurrence
the
double
184],
In
rather
that
not
at
and does
not
'become'.
of
the
one with
To posit
-
and
the
which
we become guilty.
effects
interpretation,
or
is
which
permanent
as something
error,
a being
as being.
effect
that
is
" (KSA 12,2
WM/WP no. 531, t. m. )
the
same note
Nietzsche
haben
Wirkung
up the
sums
problem
this
with
regressive
causality:
"...
wir
Seiendes.
Aber
we have
'effect'
is
posited
that
something
That
auch
still
to
say
an arbitrary
upon
impersonal
being
to
the
that
as
das
und
ist
Wirkende
der
Begriff
that
effects
and
this
formulation
als
'Wirkung'
."
as
then
be construed
to
of
last
provides
quote
through
the
concept
be exempt
being,
which
from
the
In
subject
becoming
is
categories
a dissection
the
of
becoming
is
habitually
becoming
is
first
of
as
in
turn
posited
next
step
the
or
substance
is
which
as
'effect'
term
anthropomorphic
A multiple
Wirkendes).
as
posited
the
imposition
(Wirkung)
([ein]
in
recognised,
change).
an effect
effects'
is
processes
as mere
of
size
even
the
(ibid)
this
the
of
something
But
although,
(here
is
effects'
can
angesetzt
Formulierung
being.
as
occurrences,
to
else
effect
dieser
(willkürlich)
reduced
that
the
that,
mechanisms
'something
in
arbitrary..
detailed
down
noch
effects
is
still
cut
Wirkendes
als
"
willkürlich...
"...
die
and
all
'something
or
whatever
hypostatisation
and
insatiable
its
temporality.
Nietzsche
here
by means of
ossification
the
describes
processes
a traditionally
which
for
perversely
and without
regard
essentially
irreducible
becoming
being
quoted
which
above:
thereby
"...
becomes
der
Versuch
of
increasing
the
true
nature
into
(Geschehen)
comprehensible
das Geschehen
-99-
conceptuality,
metaphysical
in
of
turns
things,
a-temporal
a profoundly
mechanistic
zu begreifen
terms
als
an
eine
(as already
Art
und Stellungs-Wechsel
Verschiebung
WM no. 631))
12,2
11393,
the
primordiality
The advantage
.
a becoming,
of
human being.
human
which
(essentially
temporal)
fundamentally
non-identical
fixed
points
which
which
the
'I'
is
case
humanist
identical
object
correspond
harmony.
But
properly
instance
a traditional
not
delusion
that
to
to
the
as if
one another
activity
in
steeped
its
reassure
in
the
illusory
restore
of
construal
fixity
the
subject
and a self-
in
a form
of
of
thinking,
theological
pre-given
for
unlike
need
concerns,
their
of
audience
of
from
underwriting
a self-identical
philosophical
need not
- upon
lies
(KSA
direction
a reactive
and causality
thereby
enunciated,
to
categories
becoming
of
"
able
such
correspond
metaphysics
be comforting'°,
imposing
- substance
processes
each
by
is
work
has been given
gains
be made to
can
in
being
von Bleibendem..
s excavat ory
which
identity
comforting
the
Nietzsche'
of
impositions
by the
But
von 'Seiendem',
security
in
certainty:
"Wir
mehr
stellen
weiter
sehn
'leiden':
-
keine
'Wahrheiten'.
das
Wort
hin,
z. B.
können,
sind
vielleicht
farther,
for
the
'P,
instance
those
are
5 131,
WM/WP no. 482, t. m. )
irreducible
between
the
that
masks the
to
world
to
word
horizons
the
may be inferred
correspond
-
wo wir
nicht
Wort
'tun',
das
Wort
Erkenntnis,
aber
commences - where
we cannot
see any
"
ignorance
does not
anhebt
unsrer
Horizontlinien
our
word merely
das
'ich',
Wort
das
a word where
perhaps
Unwissenheit
wo unsere
"We put
It
is
ein
fact
to
anthropomorphic
as we have
of
word
but
knowledge
it,
-100-
'suffer':
no 'truths'.
-
"(KSA
12,
an instance
with
a multiplicity
which
understanding,
which
forms
and which
values
word
such
is
confronted
traditional
construed
' do' , the
causality
we are
the
any of
our
of
speak
that
the
of
masks the
where
boundary
as we know and recognise
it
and
a
the
-
far
larger
This
-
does not
obscurity
have not
yet
that
reached
The obscurity
to
of unknowing
(Unwissenheit)
of
nature
The
arise
because
far
because
folds
that
knowledge,
not
of
The human animal
its
marks
release
total
domination
come about
with
interprets,
of
nicht
lebt;
not
animals
lies
a 'not
yet'
awaiting
its
discovery
necessary
the
ever
can
reach
however
the
tiny
outstrips
the
sphere
however
or refined.
obscurity
which
and
move beyond
the
learns
move.
it
primacy
and organises
long
before
and well
which
anthropos
believes
itself
genug,
daß du einsiehst,
dir
noch
that
you must
you to
also
haben und
Art
Bedingung
sich
und gedeiht:
have
that
-101-
ignorance
without
the
eine
eine
ist,
große,
"
stehn.
and learn
Mensch und
Unwissenheit
erhält
recognise
meagre
daß ohne diese
which
only
origin:
wäre,
in
the
beyond
unmöglich
muß um dich
can
power which
Unwissenheit
zur
The
to
ensues
daß sie
allein
comprehend
to
be the
welcher
horizon
aspirations
will
to
zu begreifen,
selber
you
in
to
which
nightmare
den Willen
nötig,
subtle
will
great
of
recognition
in
and it
impossible
the
hidden
more'
of
by busy humans - it
swiftly
rationality's
human
unreasonably
and utterly
up with
limited
of
or a 'no
conceptuality,
too.
surrounds
which
of
enough
for
darkness
sciences
necessarily
instrument
labours
von Unwissenheit
live;
of
the
the
the
unter
is
acknowledgement
from
das Lebendige
"It
the
is
response
animal
world
das Leben
Glocke
territory,
human
it
Unwissenheit
feste
that
conquer
and
its
of
Es ist
welcher
time
any
trail,
du mußt auch
hinzulernen.
in
and
reason
instrumental
creates
calculations
the
of
than
earthbound
that
of
can no more catch
from
great
will
unknowably
knowledge
its
surpasses
Tier
profoundly
so happens
because
there
human knowability
"Es ist
remains
it
persists
be tamed by representational
which
which
appropriate
the
which
under
not
exceeds
horizon
impenetrable
the knowable
the
but
only
and
infinite,
light
of
the
the
which
consciousness
knowledge.
speck
beyond
human knowledge.
to
obscure
domain
will
this
to
kind
humans
and
ignorance.
of
ignorance
It
is
life
itself
would
living
can preserve
has to
ignorance
feels
itself
in
grasp
in
rapid
its
holds
retrieved
from
the
brink
stability.
Thus
to
assume
knowledge
of
is
this
whether
not.
Nietzsche
to
on to
to
such
of
terrors
the
abyss
'causes'
it
gives
describes
and
pleasing
to
and anything
which
itself
of
to
the
can be
is
world
these
desperate
'safety
etwas
Bekanntes
zurückführen,
illusion
of
assured
in
rest
beleaguered
can
darkness
that
everything
it
points
a comforting
and
and which
fixed
colossal
the
dome of
decadence
of
'effects'
the
alone
WM/WP no. 609, t. m. >
the
order
which
firm
whatever
provides
and
organise
stage
a life-form
but
particularly
account
[ 2941,
need
cling
under
a large,
the
nothing
which
a condition
entered
descent,
it
is
and flourish:
has
which
surrounding
regularities
it
you. " (KSA 11,26
encompass
desperate
laws
that
themselves
a life-form
to
But
be impossible,
into
occurs
human
tidy
animal,
true
ultimately
in
measures'
the
the
or
following
terms:
"Etwas
Unbekanntes
beruhigt,
befriedigt,
Unbekannten
Instinkt
Grundsatz:
nur
gerade
mit
sich
das
mit
daß man sie
'für
something
danger,
disquiet,
better
than
rid
of
rid
of
is
in
these
eliminating
known
streng
der
trace
so
Erklärung
none.
hält'
unknown
back
anxiety
is
Because
the
agreeable
ideas
first
that
keine.
Weil
es sich
im
handelt,
nimmt
one
als
sie
loszuwerden:
die
erste
so
als
bekannt
erklärt,
tut
something
known
relieves,
soothes,
a feeling
the
First
bottom
idea
erste
besser
Mitteln,
given,
one
-
der
Erster
Vorstellungen
to
states.
at
dem
."
provides
awkward
gegeben,
Mit
wegzuschaffen.
Unbekannte
wahr
Sorge
die
Macht.
von
drückender
den
addition
oppressive
them:
ist
erleichtert,
Zustände
peinlichen
um ein
and
get
diese
Loswerdenwollen
satisfies
get
dahin,
Unruhe,
die
eine
Vorstellung,
"To
Gefahr,
Gefühl
ein
außerdem
irgend
man es nicht
wohl,
gibt
die
ist
geht
Grunde
auf
is
first
power.
instinct
is
only
exactly
not
with
which
'holds
it
the
for
old
about
unknown
true'.
unknown
towards
is
explanation
wanting
to
the
to
of
a question
strict
the
goes
any
principle:
it
-102-
of
With
declares
" (KSA 6, GD/TI,
means
itself
as
V, 5, t. m)
The task
second
of
the
this
concept
of
causality
The move beyond
the
technicalities
unsuitability
physiology.
the
of
of
part
as an a priori
causality
by two
was made possible
has been to
chapter
for
the
concept
of
things:
firstly,
thinking
in
that
question
of
value
to
the
discussion
of
point
of
attack,
it
clear
in
his
choice
metaphysics
of
experience
manageable
units.
But
Kant
cannot
and has to
pretend
that
the
productions
techne
(as
the
former
fear
of
the
mechanistic
into
matter
whatsoever
to
the
productions
between
himself
and
processes
of
examples
place
in
nature
an absolutely
of effect
It
is
marking
The
power.
that
when
reactive
ideals
the
only
does so in
give
presume
the
by as
if
merely
an unaffected
value,
will
to
originary
of
power,
addressed
value,
to
namely
preservation
the
human observer,
view
from
sense
disrupts
by showing
how,
far
it
too
is
derives
further
most
typical
causality,
it
the
observer
to
the
which
from
exempt
everything
which
perspective,
value
next
which
Nietzschean
its
the
Lastly,
takes
he assumes
parade
orderly
may be inspected.
etc.
in
subsumable
that
relation
any way
are
at will.
impression
of
in
be neutralised
could
of
some distance
to
point
upon effect
in
is
and physicality
to
vagaries
Physis
material
stand
a
matter
subject
try
of
countenance
of
of
the
forces
anthropocentrism
anthropomorphic
fixates
it
put
of
is
that
stratagem
the
it
The advantage
examples.
to
to
the
by an enormous
guided
able
nature,
question
is
Kant
he is
of
a valid
that
the
of
As concerns
by which
notion
unproblematic
causality.
clearer
upon cause
interpretations
an a priori
is
second
reading
even
anthropocentric
the
Analogy
become
whose own materiality
Kant's
of
the
will
of
A further
chapter).
the
unknown
of
by introducing
and secondly,
is
discussion
by a symptomatic
he offers
chapter
in
understanding
examples
the
Nietzschean
Kant's
of
demonstrate
overwhelmingly
-103-
its
the
of
Kant's
seemingly
in
any sense
from
an outcrop
significance
instantiation
emerges
the
will
to
from
the
fact
of
of
an
quite
clearly
that
this
'pure
concept
occupy
of
the
understanding'
questions
in
favour
about
the
the
same as to
primacy
of
being
or
becoming
have already
been decided
by the
time
this
type
conceptuality
gets
former
the
of
is
which
does
underway.
Whilst
it
critique
should
be so
entirely
undoubtedly
true
that
also
originary
it
finds
inexplicit,
becoming
under
itself
war
at
objective
not
on the
Nietzsche's
with
the
name of
a Kantian
careful
of
to
and
-104-
elaborate
that
of
it
is
celebrates
or
physiology.
whose
ultimate,
containment
Kantian
being,
thinking
power
philosophy
important
surprise
primacy
experimental
will
the
all
come as a great
predicated
the
is
perhaps
that
say
In
an
this
if
of
matter.
An Antinomy
III.
Nature
against
have
already
his
text
Kant
insights.
For
instance,
of one of
the
key concepts
As I hope to
in
points
radicalise
his
and that
finally
he retains
Equally,
having
'discovered'
the
paralogistic
rationalism
(namely
of
dogmatic
the
of
into
the
soul
overcoming
the
name of
transcendental
the
The technical
terms:
factors
determine
the
shift
second
Antinomies,
the
that
first
and
antithesis
fourth
Antinomies,
to
antithesis
those
the
of
reconcilable
why this
particular
immediate
both
be based
earlier
such
of
stages
problem
the
in
of
both
both
which
thesis
and
assumptions
and,
which
on erroneous
Kant
wishes
less
far
here
to
are
contradictory
thesis
and
nevertheless
to
context.
and to
show the
implications
argument
may appear
to
order
clarify
a
through
be taken
must
digress
like
still,
critical
entail,
on the
-
In
the
to
significant
both
show
whilst
which,
statements
times
at
which
the
of
solutions
purposes
might
aspects
as a way
the
question
it
to
own text
one hand,
our
appropriate
reason,
on the
two Antinomies,
a crucial
of
between,
on correct
the
response
a number of
from
far
the
point.
To recap
dialectical
the task
for
given
is
and -
dialectic
are
for
third
apperception.
which
the
hand,
of
be asked
be based
it
to
must
can be shown to
other
unity
to his
simple
the
subjectivity,
back
in
implications
extra-temporal,
must be taken
be stated
own best
any quasi-substantial,
the
can initially
his
he fails
of
immanently.
critique
of
decisive
certain
realising
structures
antinomic
by Kant
of
or subject),
means
as exposed
at
short
importantly
under
of radicalising
chapter,
most
as concerns
the problem
first
conspicuously
own project
and
the
falls
and immortality
substantiality
which
shown in
briefly
conflicts
of
forming
the
salient
into
the
which
empirical
points
of
reason
the
plunges
representations
-105-
Antinomies,
of
these
itself
given
to
are
the
when faced
with
(solely
by
it
the
as pre-critical
understanding,
or
cosmos.
groups,
the
first
of
which
Kant
and
thematises
as
second
of
(which
he also
dogmatic
(KrV/CPR
Welt
die
daher
unverweslicher
einen
frei
Handlungen
Ordnung
ganze
von
entlehnt...
"
"That
the
therefore
finally
the
a beginning,
an originary
from
connection...
"(KrV/CPR
the
provided
tenets
hold
of
the
all
text
that
the
to
opposite
power
and influence"
syllogism
structures
in
seinen
willkürlichen
erhoben
sei,
und
daß endlich
von
einem
is
the
at
the
is
self
same time
compulsion
make up the
world
its
Urwesen
simple
of
free
nature
of
derives
die
Verknüpfung
zweckmäßige
und
which
all
he even
which
takes
of
stuff
and
in
its
and
that
descends
from
purposive
unity
and
quite
explicitly,
which
deny
(major
seduces
and
the
seem to
(KrV/CPR
theses
the
morality
be true,
the
states
of
stones
empiricism
KrV/CPR A497, B525)
antinomic
the
in
very
The erroneous
zugleich
und
A466, B494, t. m. )
"foundation
dogmatic
einfacher
it
of things
which
Selbst
ausmachen,
in
of
denkendes
my thinking
above
theses
mein
that
elevated
four
manner:
Welt
that
he arranges
which
the
the
terse
Einheit
seine
nature,
and
guilelessly,
die
welche
times)
other
He summarises
Naturzwang
being
somewhat
empiricism
dieses
has
same point
(dogmatic)
daß
order
the
of
Natur,
entire
At
position
daß
welchem
actions
dialectic,
at
two
(dogmatic
respective
habe,
Dinge,
into
each
Anfang
den
fall
whole
in
following,
über
a coherent
dogmatism
with
thesis
as scepticism
imperishable
voluntary
by reason
as the
alles
world
formed
the
und
der
abstamme,
ideas
A465f, B493f).
in
rationalism
"Daß
"of
to
refers
the antitheses
into
identifies
the
he summarises
which
believes)
The cosmological
or world
rationalism)
reason
has
traditionally
whereas
religion",
assertions
deprive
and
of
the
theses
the
morality
and religion
of which
are
seemingly
irresolvable
and
A468, B496).
premise
and minor
reason
following
-106-
into
form:
these
stated
at
major
premise:
conditions
is
minor
premise:
the
the
to
syllogisms
and
this
respect
allows
for
conditions
of
condition
of
the
entire
series
of
it
posits
of
its
all
as
conditioned;
the
objects
the
of
impetus
the
organisation
of
judgements,
-
importantly
faculties
judgement
of)
is
the
as
which
the
the
of
whole
it,
traditionally
been
theistically
inclined
which
the
to
for
construction
less
off
its
understanding
it
latter
of
is
assumed
to
(for
the
series
of
it
merely
as
origin
further
the
at
twofold
potential
of
dogmatic
rationalism
Dogmatic
a priori
reason)
motor
posit
making.
and
possibility
-107-
-
synthetic
has,
idealism
the
it
own cosmos
the
to
insofar
in
being
whole.
impulse
absolutist
Reason's
which
reason
dogmatic
of
critical
In
syllogisms.
a cosmological
guise
of
(as
forms
into
interplay
the
sensibility,
-
and,
of
from
derived
point
its
of
the
be formed
integration
position
is
of
-
possibilities
which
aspect
capacity
forecloses.
reason)
(the
integrative
in
it
reason
these
absolute
the
of
into
the
closes
dependent
and hence
of
as given
series
towards,
condition
insurmountable
and
syllogism
(Urteilskraft),
knowledge
of
curtails
aspect
the
precisely
entire
dogmatic
of
character
logically
absolute
the
into
death
or
provides
thereby
encompasses
as final
twofold
reason's
critique)
instantaneously
Judgements
above,
one
towards
syllogisms)
one,
Thus
unconditioned,
and the
the
the
simultaneous
of
(as
all
us
through
judgements
condition
time
series
given
ascent
it
reason's
reason
of
are
or
faculty
aspires,
senses
surge
three
other
itself
the
the
and
(the
But
series
as unconditioned.
the
of
chapter
which
propositions
amenable
entire
in
initiates
course
the
given,
given.
secondly,
of
objects
entire
As was mentioned
firstly
is
conditioned
given;
the
are
the
also
conclusion:
senses
if
the
thus
knowledge
coherent
according
and
same
Kant,
to
of
a
be
The difference
between
the
locates
in
gegeben
(KrV/CPR
conditions
to
subtle
aspect
and,
off
any
given
like
that
to
start.
About
this
An active
reason
understands
a course
to
series
as
gegeben,
aspect
of
Third
der
ersten
Anfang...
daß...
alle
Philosophen
given
remarks,
der
Reihe
at
in
berufen,
zu
des
leuchtet
Altertums
sich
welche
diese
Reihe
von
selbst
"
reason
to
appeal
to
a first
becomes
very
of
of
natural
causes...
antiquity
felt
explanation
first
of
and
of
themselves
began
itself
that
of
means
closed
point
be complete
the
end
from
the
of
of
the
to
urged
this
of
Augen:
sahen,
zur
d. i
in
the
for
the
which
cause
acting
series
philosophers
all
mover
eine
und von
zuerst
that
a freely
states.
die
in
beginning
assume
series
auf
klar
Zuständen
a prime
is,
sich
anzunehmen,
fact
that
antinomic
thetic
will
inherent
antithetic
dogmatism,
empiricist
lie
is
problem
and
in
in
task
self-proclaimed
the
the
delimit
to
seems
overcoming
former
of
the
of
position.
Kant's
critical
claims
to
A451, B479, t. m.
,
'" (KrV/CPR
to
fair
the
theist
This
of
both
the
both
rationalist
assume
that
part
of
the
assertion
that
is
particularly
will
be taken
point
-108-
solution
exclusivity
the
to
of
is,
that
positions,
it
the
thetic
my omissions)
Since
to
absolutist
to
by the
clear
movements,
cosmic
reason's
gedrungen
Ursache,
of
a task
sehr
freihandelnde
necessity
like
daran
Beweger
"The...
series
Naturursachen
ersten
anfing.
the
der
einen
der
and
mover as first
Weltbewegungen
Erklärung
aufgegeben
set,
and
be taken
Kant
here
Antinomy':
Vernunft,
einen
as
must
reason
as
whereas
by a prime
precisely
words
aufgegeben,
be followed,
consequently
Bedürfnis
..
the
which
on the
'Observation
between
as
Kant
reason
meaning
of
given
a series
and an arresting
conditioned
same
ultimately,
origin
"Die.
shift
A497f, B526).
be accomplished,
takes
an activating
and
solution
up below.
But apart
untenable
impulse
from
the
split
the
heart
of
its
syllogising,
cosmogenic
capacity.
needs
to
work
in
with
the
forms
very
for
order
forsaking
judgements
about
dogmatic
rationalism,
with
sensibility,
and it
descends
into
the
possibility
of
world.
But
reason,
does
not
space
time,
the
pure
error
understanding
by
themselves
constituted
or
integrated
But
this
is
which
Kant
never
tires
things
in
themselves
are
and
to
subject
In
spatiality.
knowledge
delimitation
and integrates
Thus,
reason
as
fails
proposition
concerns
to
can
which
(qua
s treatment
important
point
reiterating
-
of
remind
reason
one of
the
reason.
That
of
syllogism
that,
the
minor
that
chiefly
means
that
they
condition
of
the
unlike
premise
-109-
and
indispensable
of
Kant
it
(of
reason
merely
or
critique
a merely
cannot
by itself
regulates,
organises
Antinomies,
dogmatic
'.
basis
that
the
a priori
allocates
say that
structure'
at
idealism
not
knowledge,
a syllogistic
be
are
-
to
can
objects
elements
central
the
knowledge
this
of
and
of
systems.
temporality
a priori
Due
of
and
appearances
are
appreciate
the
the
of
knowledge.
transcendental
of
as
transcendental
knowledge
of
cosmological
coherent
judgements
forms
sensibility
concepts
to
the
manifestation
on pure
is
into
expansive
traditional
be constitutive
neglects
towards
based
judgements
means
(KrV/CPR
of
self-understanding
them
its
of
logic
judgements
reason's
of
(general)
of
order
be constitutive
mere
in
flawed
empty
formation
to
function
regulative
remain
the
conditions
of
propositions
for
of
is
its
Kant'
the
this
and
-
understanding
in
most
but
the
contributing
into
that
intuition,
into
the
here
of
that
believes
and
forms
indispensable
it
If
that
accept
pure
judgements,
a priori
possible.
the
to
concert
become
union
A52, B76),
is
synthetic
knowledge,
necessary
-
it
another
of
this
lures
which
lies
(KrV/CPR A51, B75)
to
of
there
judgements
problem)
part
assertions,
in
and
reason,
theistic
The understanding
this
of
and ultimately
at
intuition
nature
of
of
the
the
the
major
premise,
syllogism
quoted
the
above)
to
refers
in
to objects
to
failing
(' objects
appearances
part
constituted
comprehend
delimitations
of
empirically
ideal
of experience
and the
can
critique
by the
a priori
forms
the
senses'
as subject
A497, B525),
that
intuition.
By
of
and time
which
are
only
transcendentally,
conversely
are
only
empirically,
to
appreciate
dogmatic
reason
fails
to
which
propositions
extent
Reason
the cosmos can be extended.
its
KrV/CPR
of
and which
real,
senses'
'objects
space
transcendentally
the
of
the
curtail
is,
in
overzealous
to
is,
the
and not
and not
the
true
the
concerning
short,
over-ambitious
application
of
its
scope
nature
of
and only
sufficient
principle.
It
is
course
of
perfectly
possible,
Critique,
commentaries
on the
develops
in
its
encounter
with
by Kant.
But
if
the
same time
destabilise
remnants
the
the
of
old
In
project.
context
of
category
of
Critique,
this
is
perceive
the
problems
critique
dogmatic
reason
solely
in
the
terms
tasks
of
critique
one
of
the
central
(and
that
simply
as
its
obverse,
empiricism)
then
text
with
the
objective
priesthood
is
to
do the
the
third
(as
this
well
spirit
seeks
which
a chapter
causality
to
dogmatic
Kant's
into
majority
of
rationalism
more deeply
vast
claims
territorial
the
critical)
avowed
at
first
by the
as witnessed
obviously
the
only
Kant'
trace
Antinomy
to
probe
service
to
Kant's
In
be approached.
to
s treatment
of
which
requires
claims
of
the
of
first
the
closer
attention.
As a strategy
mutually
problem
Gordian
for
exclusive
of
knot
the
third
(Kant'
resolving
the
positions,
metaphysical
Antinomy
respective
is
s own metaphor,
of
the
solution
inventive.
course
hugely
KrV/CPR
A529,13557)
-110-
and
contradictory
offered
which
to
pre-
means
uprooting
Dialectic
and
out
is
hidden
has
Antinomy
laid
all
greatest
Analytic
both
through
to
of
of
to
the
To cut
the
had bound
and free
determinism
declaring
that
conflict
to
of
those
respective
application
it
But whilst
it
would
is
Kantian
has
it
once
been
separates
successfully
The most
salient
formulation
the
Antinomies
they
is
form
nexus
of
problems
thesis
to
third
the
to
end
the
discussion
the
third
structural
flows
in
Antinomy'2.
in
with
each
other
are
on the
basis
of
requirement
is
Here
Erscheinungen
der
Welt
Kausalität
durch
Freiheit
zu Erklärung
nature
is
welcher
ist
noch
eine
opposed,
the
formulations
werden
abgeleitet
derselben
aus
Es
können.
anzunehmen
"
notwendig.
"Causality
to
according
appearances
to
two
einzige,
nicht
insgesamt
the
case
die
die
Ist
the
reads:
nach
Natur
der
Gesetzen
the
of
thesis
Kausalität
third.
structure
contradictory
in
"Die
the
in
genuinely
fulfilled
the
except
each
wholly
all
Antinomies
occurs
respect
The
that
to
Antinomy
this
fact
same ground
of
and
by the
conflict
achievement
revert
causality.
desire
this
simply
phenomenal
Kant's
revolutionary.
-
and
of
of
of
to
noumenal
in
This
crudest
to
positions
the
its
field
the
abnegation
solution
dictated
claim
an utter
by
claims
of
of
the
centrally
propositions.
of
the
enormity
whether
symptom
of
metaphysical
that
decided
short
in
even
this
of
the
but
nothing
-
perception
was nothing
acknowledge
constitute
conflicting
on a miscomprehension
claims
to
historicality
irresolvable
seemingly
be based
necessary
nonetheless
philosophy's
the
into
will
the
of
assume
world
laws
as
of
only
be derived.
It
to
freedom
claims
its
according
a causality
can
a whole
the
not
for
their
one
is
from
also
the
which
necessary
(KrV/CPR
explanation
A444, B472, t. m. )
Thus the
of
its
the
thesis
antithesis
own domain,
according
to
here
as
"not
freedom".
not
well;
only
only
it
admits
causality
The thesis
the
own ground
material
according
proclaims
-111-
to
the
of
the
nature
antithesis
that
implicitly,
but,
antithesis
but
also
into
causality
as necessary
but
This
sufficient.
not
dissymmetry
between
insists
on
its
this
disequilibrium,
the
requires
formulation
the
disingenuous
as
when
of
as
concerns
the
thesis
to
and
according
thesis
-
in
in
fields
salvaging
transcendental
solution
to
of
maintains
that
both
thesis
the
such
a way that
freedom
the
to
idealism
of
of
to
the
direct
contradiction
the
world
takes
would
be the
symmetrical
appropriate,
it
would
its
is
due
this
the
most
world
in
place
entirety
The Copernican
formally
productive
guarantor
But,
experience.
point
of
structure
fact
that
a coherent,
of
origin
of
the
as
restricted,
a fundamentally
types
two
the
invention
as
it
is
of
already
both
according
contention
the
of
still
assign
thereby
causality,
which
is,
the
provides
would
according
to
the
opposite
to
the
also
obviously
acts
of
to
unilinear
theistic
antithesis
and
of
locating
apparently
allowing
before,
the
of
context
simple
model
-112-
remains
in
subjectivity
and
source
or
replacement
of
unchanged
an otherwise
production,
by
nature,
does not
the
will.
that
as the
and calculable
that
claim
an originary,
coordinated
tradition
formally
thus
human
faculties
comprehensible
the
of
(noumenal)
Whilst
freedom'.
causality
to
in
'everything
that
declare
in
be formulated
to
be wrong
the
metaphysical
in
it
were
the
disturbing
thereby
simple:
it
thereby
another
he has
reason.
as was mentioned
for
utterly
he could
capability
the
fact,
this
he is
be correct
the
God of
Antinomy
to
in
to supersede
to
solution
the
possibility
subjectivity,
the
to
affords
transcendental
of
antithesis,
In
the
turn
the
nonetheless
As a consequence
confirms
antithesis
solely
one.
simply
Antinomy,
the
antithesis
causality
formulated
is
the
up a huge
opens
admit
thesis
application
thesis
and
own procedure.
Antinomies
all
symmetry
requisite
Kant
his
obviously
that
given
viable
only
different
the
thesis
only
to
declaring
The reason
claims,
own position
formulated
nature
rival
acceptance
the
of
detract
place.
Kant's
from
one
formal
the
human
transcendental
god,
no less
freedom,
instance,
for
the
originary
Platonic
t5ec
or
Kant
metaphysical
tradition
his
underway.
of
the
Antinomy's
which
wishes
his
debate
than
rather
it
is
must
that
treatment
in
weakness
'necessary
be asked
to
of
under
for
either
of
the
formulation
(phenomenal)
a causality
basis
the
of
(as
this
of
had
only
fourth
the
in
in
their
of
group
relation
categories
reason
oriented
aspect
of
constitutedness.
terms
their
aligns
the
to
both
according
might
be.
to
two
to
necessity
when
-113-
Kant
So far
in
the
things.
Firstly,
to
the
which
is
thematised
is
to
say
to
constitution
it
the
terms
to
secondly,
That
that
simply
first
in
defined
applies
urges
is
it
must
is
own
a further
it
and,
only
by his
that
For
apriority
modality.
the
(namely
displays
subjectivity,
named
thesis,
resolve
are
asserts
universality),
will
its
of
a stance
freedom.
of
-
privileging
to
as
free
Antinomy's
prejudices
very
to
only
when
the
(contrary
ultimately
it
its
features
of
sides
thesis
the
formal
the
on that
Antinomy
attributed
into
And since
solution
(transcendental)
Thus
mover
a characteristic
theistic
necessity
been
prime
third
insofar
as
well
phenomena
its
by
deemed
he can
of
necessary
been
between
the
the
had
parasitic
which
problem
transcendentality,
theoretically
in
the
of
necessity
necessity
status
rationalism)
assume'
what
Critique,
status
the
to
of
humanisation
his
illegitimately
does,
the
directed.
believe)
than
nature
to
with
ostensibly
be concluded
of
As was briefly
a deistic
thesis
to
and
it
as noumenal
God.
He implicitly
arbitration
dogmatic
Kant's
prior
genuine
that
generic.
that
immediately
by unreasonably
admission
Christian
more
problem
of
is
readers
offering
dialectic,
it
manifestation
the
inscribe
it
against
determinism
to
its
productivity
idealism,
get
statement
Kant
what
to
series
tradition
of
acknowledges
by transcendental
causal
of
the
xavov
irpoTov
in
suppresses
the
above,
mentioned
here
subjectivity,
that
appearances,
or
their
is
'necessary
to
theoretical
of
reason
demands.
In
practical
reason
which
for
the
utterly
to
appeals
the
pearly
gates
from
here
Kant
can construct
come to
leading
form
suspect)
than
other
Antinomy
open up,
in
unthinkable
the
the
terrain
theoretical
to
the
the
rational
pinnacle
realm
of
ethics
his
of
achievement.
is
The question
(noumenal)
to
launch
The
demand
to
assume
the
practical
will
is
not
least
of
(quoted
erste
Vorstellung,
mit
erklärt,
so wohl,
"...
first
idea
This
perhaps,
observation
that
agreeable
daß
with
which
one ' holds
it
the
obviously
philosophy
the
unconscious
solution
to
point
the
(in
theoretical
critical
reason,
a marked
of regret
"Das
aus,
Sollen
die
in
der
den
Bedeutung.
11
ought
which
ought,
meaning
is
if
not
one
found
merely
whatsoever.
(KSA 6,
GD/TI,
of
to
it
is
subject.
a kind
anywhere
has
the
11(KrV/CPR
of
else
those
into
forced
Augen
hat,
necessity
in
course
the
of
hat
and
of
practical
critical
undercurrent
und
Verknüpfung
mit
das
Sollen,
und gar
keine
ganz
with
connection
nature...
whole
of
nature
bef ore
the
at
admit:
one's
A547, B575, t. m. , my omissions)
-114-
But
to
ja
so
practical
concerns
of
vorkommt.
nicht
Kant's
A certain
noticable.
is
the
where
is
5, t. m. )
VI,
a discussion
Notwendigkeit
sonst
as known
begin
Antinomy)
when Kant
vor
."
true'
third
bekannt
als
unknown
which
an
above):
itself
of
Natur
length
declares
becomes
der
of
hält'
tone
Natur
reminiscent
wahr
."
a free
of
such
'für
to
von
all,
is
reason
of
Unbekannte
channelled
Art
truth
das
are
ganzen
expresses
for
defence
sich
forces
the
eine
Lauf
the
cosmogenic
the
greater
reason
change
drückt
der
place
seems perceptible
man bloß
"The
not
at
man sie
is
and
theoretical,
which
tut
the
of
from
wry
Nietzsche's
die
critique
place
will.
anthropocentric
the
whether
appropriate
most
"...
he obviously
-
third
something
-
(as we have
him
critical
the
causality
a noumenal
assume'
Gründen
wenn
grounds
indeed
the
eyes,
has
no
And only
a little
later
(which
he knows
aspiration
implicitly
"
to
even
reason,
reason:
der
Naturordnungl
Gründen
empirischen
"...
there
[in
the
which
to
unavoidably
occur
t. m.
,
This
theme of
the
to
its
empirical
grounds.
human faculty
which,
especially
a superior
in
a paragraph
of
Nötigung
an
geschehen
to
not
nature
have
had
and which
"(KrV/CPR
A550,
Vermögen
zu
impulses
pathologically
eine
Willkür
ist
(durch
Bewegursachen
der
Sinnlichkeit)
(arbitrium
brutum),
nicht
menschliche
brutum,
sondern
of
is
the
sensuality.
affected
liberum,
weil
dem Menschen
durch
Nötigung
zwar
sinnliche
"
bestimmen.
sense
von
der
ist
Willkür
sondern
macht,
notwendig
sie
wenn
Die
unabhängig
sich,
the practical
by the
Denn
kann.
nicht
this
throughout
Willkür
Sinnlichkeit.
aber
Handlung
selbst
purportedly
anti-
virulently
der
der
werden
beiwohnt,
von
hence
with
Unabhängigkeit
ist
tierisch
sensitivurm,
ihre
its
die
Verstande
pathologisch
heißt
emerges
calls
type):
bold
Antriebe
Kant
cloak
heavily
noumenal
materiality
to
italicises
nezessitiert
Sinnlichkeit
aims
its
in
sensibility,
and
sie
sie
through
Latinate,
durch
fern
impure
by an ornately
im praktischen
in
ought
course
by the
which
of
arbitrium
is
to
by means
pathologisch
as it
according
experience
ist;
coercion
occur
enters
effiziert
that
all
with
und nach seinen
perhaps
which
so
"Freedom
mußte. "
untainted
sinnlich,
Antriebe,
geschehen
emphasise
Freiheit
ein
unausbleiblich
by
entirely
das nicht
alles
ist,
Kant
"Die
accordance
geschehen
(since
I
in
nature
dem Naturlaufe
terminology
passage,
ein
vielleicht
dominate
his
about
order]
stance
von der
sollte
according
violence
objective,
course
entirely
materialistic
to
inevitable
remains
manifold,
particular
be hopeless)
explicit
my insertions)
B578,
employment,
surprisingly
natural
did
occurred
the
its
rewrite
was doch nach
sein,
to
superior
da [in
..
he becomes
independence
of
For
is
(by motives
-115-
a will
of
the
will
sensuous
sensuality);
it
from
in
so far
is
called
bestial
(arbitrium
Although
the
liberum
because
inhabits
the
the
human will
in
practical
unwanted,
coercive,
and which
affects
identified
with
base
nature
and
This
nature
vile
qua
the
reminiscent
in
Phaedrus
the
the
unbroken
very
to
the
about
the
point
assault
on all
relish
the
to
of
itself',
causes
(KrV/CPR
phrase
But Kant's
of
of
hanging
(causality
otherwise
clearly
on the
agitating
one,
that
stretches
into
He relapses
free
the
Kant
above).
means
will
turning
for
the
the
of
spectacle
noumenal
against
freedom
for
'producing
something..
especially
against
the
'force
influence'
A534, B562).
Here
judge's
rigorously
with
mentality
according
there
is
and
revealed,
to
adapt
of
a
as anti-nature.
reason
to)
will
noumenal
formal
the
dogmatisms.
previous
Nietzsche,
is
between
reason,
century.
provide
here
'.
anti-materialists
the
reason
affected
chapter
of
to
is
of Socrates'
in
an
age,
subject
and
by
is
a rational
suppression
preciousness
practical
and
is
eighteenth
could
critique
where
when he celebrates
well-known
when his
Plato
dogmatism
seems
entirely
impurity
of
dogmatic
it
will
for
of
independent
noumenal
(quoted
line
long
from
Phaedo
and
a faculty
shaped
hostile
sensibility
but
t. m. )
and
violent
clearly
effective
natural
most
B561f,
the
brutum
independently
alien
which
is
aggressive
nature
the
of
but
as experience
virgin
through
sensuality
action
an imposition,
is
a holy
purity,
need
than
The
and morality
but
Kant
in
a disease.
between
all
most
highest
not
on an otherwise
which
values
continues
at
like
the
and
tormentor
is
itself
A533f,
form
much more
of
here
the
bestial
by
" (KrV/CPR
an imposition
is
its
itself
controlled
it
it
necessitate
determine
impulses.
still
reason
not
necessitated.
sensitivum,
distribution
same point
most
to
fact,
In
reason.
an arbitrium
critically
is
can be pathologically
does
being
its
forms,
the a priori
whereas
is
by sensuous
even
it
if
sensuality
human
coercion
Nature,
brutum)
nature
transcendental
-116-
regard
to
entirely
philosophy
the
inexcusable
overwhelms
descends
the
into
text
the
depths
murky
an empirical
'malicious
lies'
legalistic
register
instantly
betrays
responsibility
hidden
agenda
in
process
happily
project
with
we are
because
all
of
impulses
But
to
symmetry,
acceptable
natural
to
is
to
mentioned
before,
the thesis
so that,
heavily
on the
just
as for
Kant
original
in
the
at
the
not
critical
second two Antinomies
all
is
guilty,
that
clear
in
the
end
unchallenged
and
question
of
the
third
stated
the
is
thesis
as to
the
the
of
means
philosophy).
But
this
is
Antinomy
proper
is
antithesis
Kant
of
the
at
the
very
bear
down most
then,
comes to
he cannot
can
either
of
causality
sustain
the
in
these
two
sustain
the
a free
noumenal
where
point
as
since,
between
exists
the
contained
already
that
contention
make it
rationalistic
Antinomy
no proper
to
of
the
destroying
unchanged.
ontology
Enlightenment
of
is
and
disturbed
Antinomy's
way it
the
Kant's
in
position
remain
the
pressure
on his
forcefully
grand
design,
insights.
concerning
needs
assumption
structures
prejudices
question
Kant's
aligns
fundamental
Typically,
best
own
a theocentric
it
the
judicial
of
the
argumentation,
by his
and
as
contention
both!
idealism
long
short,
finally,
comprises
Again
reason.
apportion
culprit,
we are
of
His
as
as well
cost
the
out
of
for
the
that
structure
the
court
advance
or the
abide
God,
the
our
rationalistic
Finally,
rests
ultimately
but
-
cannot
which
And that
positions.
otherwise
also
system
(or,
done
of his
register
common sense
effectively
will
this
the
clear
sciences
antinomic
course
an anthropocentric
return
it
And of
before
governing
to
transcendental
before
no real
that
of
guilty
constitutes
fact
aims
Christianity
responsible,
the
'case'
A554-556,6582-584).
single
of
that
substitution
text
coincide.
(KrV/CPR
hypothetical
to
guilt,
the
which
the
concerning
spreading
and hence
that
example,
agent'
a 'free
whole
of
to
the
be taken
-117-
shift
from
up again.
first
two to
Why can it
not
the
the
be said
the
in
that
inappropriate
as explanatory
the
baroque
is
to be believed,
thesis
and antithesis
why in
not
be considered
of
a world
certitude
is
far
too
terrifying
desires
need
be closely
a critical
should
obviously
to
and antithesis
to
policed
by
causality,
(pseudo-)
equally
for
12,
above)
Ant inomy,
of
too,
But
untenable.
any kind
without
both
want
Unless
(cf. footnote
this
causal
the
Kantian
the
noumenal
and
the
the
concept
that
incarcerates
the
matter
and
entertain
and
are
cosmology?
' Schlussanmerkung,
no reason
thought
realm
for
is
abyssal
repressive
principles
the
the
His
thesis
of
architectonic
there
both
too,
Antinomy,
third
perspective.
phenomenal
becoming.
Nietzsche
goes
significance
of
Kant's
die
Antinomie:
ist
"Dies
das Dasein.
is
"This
of
it
the
Needless
to
in
will
is
based
say,
in
of multiple
causalism
when
draws
the
out
he notes:
Moral
as we believe
in
morals,
we condemn
world
as will
to
power,
comes
to
the
wir
real
wir
verurteilen
glauben,
power
as
human
the
being
material
the
Consequently,
in
be a matter
nexus
of
conception
physiology
not
unitary
WM/WP no. 6>
11921,
unsustainable.
obviously
temporal,
of
an die
sofern
insofar
antinomy.
12,10
to
heart
"
" (KSA
will
the
pseudo-antinomic
existence.
repression
to
straight
of
of
causality.
physiology
positive
will
when
it
(in
terms
this
elaboration
four,
chapter
below),
the
conceiving
a body
in
terms
From
the
paucity
of
a production
entice
thought
becomings.
-118-
back
into
of
the
a-
delirium
DIVINE
"Der
Abfall,
Verfall,
PUTRESCENCE
Ausschuß
ist
was an sich
zu
nichts,
Konsequenz
des Lebens,
es ist
eine
verurteilen
wäre:
notwendige
des Wachstums
an Leben. "
decay,
is not itself
"Waste,
which
would
elimination
anything
have to be condemned:
it
is a necessary
consequence
of life,
[ 751
in life.
WM/WP no. 40, t. m. )'
" (KSA 13,14
of the growth
,
I. The Idealisations
discussions,
the
Following
categories
of
they
rise
give
Reason
of
substance
and
to
(as
it
might
respectively),
in
the
previous
causality
and
thematised
in
that
its
through
of
analogous
manner.
But
whilst
appropriate
parts
of
the
Reason,
will
be necessary,
with
quite
this
point
Pure
of
a comparatively
first
will
concern
itself
reasons
for
branching
out
at
Analogy
at
least
is
dealt
it
is
necessary
third
cursory
Critique,
chapter
of
glance
the
third
the
majority
of
another
text.
Before
namely
it
in
with
idea
such
trace
reason
in
the
the
the
at
the
and
present
the
considering
to
relatively
which
would
Analogy
be best
will
reason
Antinomies,
chapter
its
and
of
the
and
third
the
of
ideas
related
this
Analogy
category
Ideal
reciprocity
the
chapters,
Paralogisms
the
be expected
two
why the
clarify
fashion
summary
here.
But
in
first
the
of
all
two
preceding
aim of
enhancing
insofar
they
as
attempts
at
chapters
our
from
ensue
or
before,
the
'relations'
concern
the
"time-relations
yielded
Analogy,
Law of Reciprocity
title)
01
is
not
simultaneity...
..
the
readings
present
text
did
not
chiefly
Kant'
s treatment
of
the
of
but
of
categories
of
temporality.
of
Analogy
third
on Kant's
perspective
with
its
is...
the
metaphysics
Simultaneity,
Kant,
he says
-120-
possibility
and rather
of
So an
it
if
here
to
according
for
of
categories
time.
of
full
of
Analogies
be justified
its
condition
were
say
might
A177, B219).
it
for
they
that
as the
(to
give
Principles
three
the
of
significance
without
in
'Principle
or Community'
the
as was mentioned
only
would
have
Because,
(KrV/CPR
turn
out
one
insofar
in
them
carried
implicit,
discussed
appearances",
each
the
relation,
his
of
of
of
to
an additional
The third
that
systematically
rule
discussion
extended
the
thinking
unconscious,
the
of
recall
interpretations
symptomatic
give
the
understanding
latent
relation
to
of
it
things
the
cumbersome
that
themselves
as objects
of
experience.
"(KrV/CPR
B258).
in
one sense
an account
of
Kant
means the
regulated,
is
Critique
know, by experience
representations
Principle
of
through
the
as he puts
or,
the
Analogies
representation
it
in
And of
the
the
the
course
formation
of
first
entire
As we
experience.
thoroughgoing
connection
formulation
of
the
of
general
of
Experience,
"Experience
is
only
of
a necessary
connection
of
perceptions.
possible
"
(KrV/CPR B218).
The particular
if
unfolded
significance
is
it
(Gemeinschaft)
which
which
be known empirically"
space
within
first
part
objects
the
first
of
sufficient
for
the
time
and space.
in
thematises
the
Principle
time,
is
in
But it
but,
reciprocally
in
readers
"Wir
werden
Analogie,
auf
-y'
%..:
--'--
the
Transcendental
of
der
unter
the
spatii)
to
of
or
could
never
the
mean that
discussed
in
Aesthetic)
'gives'
the
is
that
or of
the
coexistence
of
Simultaneity
in
objects
it
the
but
Principle
the
relation
not
of
just
as the
relation
of
space
causal
unidirectionally
a Principle
structures
which
a category
Kant
reminds
his
nur
nach
category
or
schema.
diese
Grundsätze
die
Erscheinungen
bedienen,
Kategorie
das
werden,
Schema
Stelle,
derselben,
oder
dem Namen einer
JU
V'U
VVý1:.
_J
UVJ=3L:.
cJUU
L--
uns in
daher
und
in
jener
Formel
der
Einheit
und allgemeinen
-121L.
spatiality
words,
merely
not
berechtigt
an dessen
2)tJ
be formed
community
causality.
-....,,.
"s
(as
other
logischen
Erscheinungen)
Bedingung,
sensibility
called
durch
der
mit
Gebrauchs,
for
a dynamic
when he writes:
also
zwar
I take
temporalised
a
zusammenzusetzen
selbst
This
thematises
each case
this
of
A213, B260).
causal
simply
importantly,
(communio
can
can be
`community'
one
conceptualisation
In
the
local
the
even
representations
Causality
of
objects
which
that
is
Critique,
from
Simultaneity
of
Principle
appear
perceptions
objects
this
(KrV/CPR
which
Principle
consideration
organises
"without
commerclum,
into
taken
the
of
der
als
Ausführung
den
des
Begriffe,
dem Grundsatze
aber
Schlüssel
vielmehr,
ersteren,
als
einer
(der
Anwendung
ihres
restringierende
zur
Seite
setzen.
"
then,
"We will
only
appearances
of
unity
these
of
to
according
principles,
an analogy
concepts
and
thus
itself,
but
in
the
schema
of
it,
it
alongside
principle
the
put
we will
by means
the
and general
with
make
use
the
logical
the
of
(the
elaboration
as
in
the
category
as a restrictive
" (KrV/CPR
A181, B224, t. m. ).
whatever
holds
its
seems reasonable
to
connection
which
structures
a class
of
categories
also
structures
the
corresponding
group
of
Principles.
On this
that
of
combination
for
"the
instance,
third
the
community
determination
of
in
category
second
category
can
another
that
each
be defined
Kant
admonishes
his
third
category
is
in
each case
merely
might
assume that
the
operation
("a
ibid)
by which
arrived
at,
readers
the
third
does not
The only
implication
implicit
dogmatic
two Analogies
most
fact
of
this
have been significantly
Kant
point
from
" (KrV/CPR
B110).
of
which
the
Thus,
And although
a derivation
of
the
first
special
actus
of
the
understanding",
in
case,
our
from
importance
of
have
in
to,
it
the
the
two,
one
is
third
Analogy
of
the
earlier
to
us is
that
the
inform
the
to
shown
were
which
transformed
that
therefore
that
the
been jettisoned
construction
in
a substance
think
not
which
not
that
B111, t, m. ).
is
to
for
(KrV/CPR
widely
can be expected
holds
causality
differ
values
internal
to
or,
metaphysical
place
the
arises
always
f irst.
its
for
as "the
solemnly
category
in
the
with
reciprocally"
class
in
employment,
Hence it
formula.
infer
appearances)
to
under
its
the
key
condition
name of
to
application
we will
the
combining
in
category
or rather,
remarks
set
we will
be Justified
or
of
two.
first
even just
the
to
third
Analogy,
For
dealing
these
with
reasons
it
I
and to
propose
proceed
as
straightaway
of Pure Reason.
-122-
circumnavigate
were,
to
a consideration
the
of
chapter
the
Ideal
In the
on the
chapter
preceding
chapters
ways of
a speculative
account
other
than
formulates
(the
Dialectic,
reason
Kant
the
capable
of
producing
does not
take
errant
of
possibility
namely
the
pure
forms
der
Idee
die
Bedingungen
auf,
die
aber
allein
möglich
Begriff
haben
pure
concepts,
this
as:
dem Gegenstande
von
von
irgend
einem
"We remove
from
the
object
of
concept
of
the
understanding
we have
a determinate
In
respect
einschränken,
it
of
all
of
intuition
einen
the
idea
the
conditions
but
which
also
solely
of
any
knowledge
objective
(Kant
es auch
Dinge
into
bestimmten
welche
"
this
throughout
the
concept
the
chapter
Dialectic
but
for
significance
the
present
Kant' s transcendental
The first
Ideal
as formally
the
and
appearances
appearances)
of
its
characteristics
project
in
which
is
attempted.
Kant's
out
Pure
Reason
(KrV/CPR
A567f,
pure
concepts
of
without
the
of
of
because
objective
the
status
time.
(that
to
such
objects
because
to
pure
in
say
if
forms
understanding
alone
no objects
of
sensibility
lacking.
That
is
be thought
and
can
of
logic
if
they
become
of
intuition
-123-
but
are
the
nothing
not
to
be formative
them
(the
that
say
be judged
may be said
'applied
when
furnish
to
in
locatable
concrete
be seen
can
of
problematic
his
can
they
of
critique
the
of
particular
reminds
reality
do however
Categories
is
the
of
are
As Kant
are
laws
method
a radicalised
conditions
objects
alone
according
of
the
that
possible
Kant's
to
conforms
B595f).
themselves
reality
categories
possible
of
the
A674, B702, t. m. )
presentation
arises
by means
by means of
two
point
of
conditions
Ideal
limit
which
make it
" (KrV
thing.
on the
idealism
can be represented
space
the
conditions
daß wir
as to
as in
demonstrate
itself
though
even
machen,
readers,
to
Reason),
any way the
an object
Verstandesbegriff
the
Pure
of
seeks
believes
which
unseren
können.
Ideal
of
heben
"Wir
the
of
idea
knowledge
theoretical
in
third
to'
of
categories)
with
the
(Stoff)
material
just
conditions
of
sensibility
categories
to
form
enters
this
concepts
become
object)
when
concepts
which
are
formative
correct
manoeuvres.
In
other
(space
and
concrete,
impregnated
the
material
Kant
that
here,
lucidity,
elevates
pre-conceptual
objective
reality-2.
He underscores
which
he subsequently
extends
ideas
and,
"Ideen
aber
sind
Kategorien;...
ideas
noch
entfernt
are
further
But
...
to
seems
yet
be that
a rare
matter
to
ideal
of
reason:
von
der
objektiven
from
removed
removed
I
call
to
das
a given
that
finally
this
of
by the
measure
of
manner
in
introduction
the
of
als
entfernt,
dasjenige
nenne...
reality
than
"
than
reality
A568f,
"(KrV/CPR
der
von
Ideal
objective
ideal...
the
to
and final
objective
from
empty
unprejudiced
scheint
ich
Otherwise
implication
Realität
Idee,
was
experience
and
further
the
als
the
correspond
yardstick
argument
die
with
moment of
of
experience
the
senses
line
zu sein,
which
the
this
further
even
thus
tendency
weiter,
Realität
categories
idea
of
(and
this
weiter
noch
Aber
objektiven
"But
later,
a little
intuition.
astonishing
in
of
of
of
experience
words,
material
of
The
matter.
of
interact
must
forms
the
reality
with
concepts
concrete
objective
perceptual
is
time),
and the
through
operation
thought
of
is,
experience
means by inchoate,
train
them into
logically
of
into
turns
that
(Erfahrungsbegriffe),
and not
which
the
B595f,
t. M. )
In this
scheme of
designated
the
scale
further
This
on which
they
they
of
the
from
of
their
'the
Kant' s text
few
instances
degree
reality
both
and
the
arranged
on a sliding
of
absolute'
is
remarkable
where
the
-124-
is
of
appear
reason
senses,
raw material
objective
greatest
lose
the
matter,
and those
deviate
passage
marks one of
of
site
the understanding
things,
the
as if
concepts
(potential)
objective
reality
matter
in
intuition3.
of
for
strenuous
the
given
simple
fact
anti-materialism
that
of
the
it
he
to
manages
sustain
by an assertion
of
project
for
is
which
This
reason.
than
reason
authorial
the
all
show that
ideas
assume them as given
task
they
are
keep in
check,
to
act
the
of
Ideale,
zugestehen
fit
regulatively
ob man ihnen
sondern
des Begriffs
darnach
den
doch
sind
geben
ein
von
was
Grad
und
die
second
point
with
the
Ideal,
Kant
needs
illusion
of
reason
leads
it
of
knowledge
when at
best
theoretical
reason)
is
the
syllogistic
of
judgement)
für
ganz
is
to
to
to
it:
(Existenz)
Hirngespinste
der
Vernunft
vollständig
ist,
Unvollständigen
also
with
provide
Realität
nicht
it
material
objektive
Richtmaß
Art
des
claims
the
nicht
seiner
Mängel
rationalistic
no
us to
um deswillen
in
for
But
unentbehrliches
dem,
if
text.
faculty
gleich
own
his
upon,
the
his
of
be significant
(concerning
perform
demands of
of
as constitutive
to
punctured
domain
implicit
too
so
formal
already
brings
which
reason,
(and
möchte,
appropriate
univocity
and 'natural'
understanding
and
Kant's
the
slightly,
the
undermines
for
however
with
would
and hence
only
keeping
observation
it
an unavoidable
sehen,
legitimate
reason,
above.
"Diese
the
another
mentioned
which
in
and
for
As with
that
is,
else
yet
sovereignty
interesting
the
everywhere
circumscribing
theoretical
other
almost
anzudie
ab,
bedarf,
um
und
abzu-
zu schätzen
messen. "
"These
ideals,
although
(existence)
to
them,
are
figments
the
brain
but
which
in
of
of
reason
entirely
defects
is
in
complete
of
the
does
one
need
of
order
to
in
incomplete
not
to
provide
an indispensable
a concept
of
that
and
to
evaluate
reality
be regarded
as
measure
standard
which
in
measure
the
it.
with
accordance
objective
attribute
therefore
nonetheless
they
to
wish
not
"(KrV/CPR
kind
is
degree
and
A569f,
B597f,
its
the
t. m. my italics)
,
Just
as for
of intuition
the degree
the
-a
to
understanding
measure
which
they
against
attain
there
exists
which
its
to
this
-125-
in
-
the
operations
measure
form
of
the
material
can be evaluated
can be assessed,
so too
and
for
reason
there
ideal.
And for
Kant
It
means of
in
guise
the
proofs
cosmological
or
Dialectic,
in
to
into
the
of
to
particular
that
the
which
possibility,
within
form
they
formally
Instead
I
the
of
of
to
to
ideal
Transcendental
the
key
on certain
repeat
propose
transcendental
chapter
merely
one
that
proper,
the
terms
for
(mis-)takes
with
which
highest
the
it
(thus
all
to
This
each
which
the
originary
a thing
in
admitting
as
follows:
-126-
of
content
all
possible
itself
is
in
turn
structured
of
all
(Inbegriff)
or
derivates
general,
of
can
to
law
the
which
epitome
concept
any
proceeds
principle
thing
predicates
possible
not
organising
like
principle
of
concept
stands,
possibility
(durchgängige
determine
the
its
to
principle
determination'
the
affects
the
discovered
have
according
a formal
thing.
to
by
and
strives
the
it,
claims
'thoroughgoing
to
itself
speculative-
since
Kant
not
according
calls
by
arguments
ontological,
reason
general
principle
apply
ideal
in
of
but
as this
all
'god'.
proofs
speculative
ideal
is
contradiction
ideal
ideal.
thing
each
and,
to
be these
some extent.
third
factor.
as given
the
the
of
firstly,
of
of
form
reason,
name this
details
god,
the
decisive
quote)
especially
Paralogisms
and
the
impossibility
in
This
determination
the
existence
B599ff)
Bestimmung).
originary
enter
the
principle
contains
here
of
the
sometimes
to
section
namely
by the
above
theology,
in
speculative
the
rational
transcendental
predicates
in
of
the
second
which
insofar
of
the
under
of
tendencies
description
namely
the
is
general
he characterises
In
reality
physico-theological,
A571ff,
reality,
of
issue
on Kant's
concentrate
in
the
the
of
argumentation
(mainly
reference
demonstrates
Kant
theoretical
his
of
characterised
inapposite
which
point
unavoidable
(as
seems
an absolute
them
of
ideal
the
secondly,
both
the
exposes
assume
such
exists
be determined
or,
archetype
(Urbegriff)
the
highest
or
hybrids).
degree
The
as Kant
which
and
most
"',.,
durch
es werden
logisch,
sondern
Satz
nicht
das Ding
selbst,
mit
transzendental
Prädikate,
by means of
"...
diesen
logically
with
prop osition
each
other
but
the
with
Prädikate
unter
einander
dem Inbegriffe
aller
möglichen
merely
compared
"
verglichen.
this
transcendentally
blaß
predicates
the
epitome
are
thing
itself
of
possible
all
not
is
being
compared
"(KrV/CPR
predicates.
A573, B601, t. m. )
This
that
means
such an absolute
with
assessed
and
But there
is
to
as
course
as posited
by the
as the
former
(at
least
something
outside
itself,
it
unproductive
insists
on the
of
it
that
acknowledging
danger
ideal
their
its
which
status
difference
its
its
all
own way,
objects
operates
are
highest
this
vis-ä-vis
critical
between
the
measure
by reason,
manifestation)
acknowledges
material
of
of
knowledge
and of
reality;
as
its
highest
instantiation
is
in
danger
of
itself
from
drifting
sensibility,
of
insofar
which
without
reason
reality,
without
merely
in
transcendence,
the
material
of
ist
untunlich.
"
without
reality
of
whereas
into
off
compared,
reality.
and as posited
the
namely
divorcing
utterly
against
understanding
in
in
understanding
one enormous
reality
remains
the
standard,
measured
of
like
reason,
the
senses:
"Des Ideal...
"To want
to
In
der
realise
Erscheinung
the
wollen...
realisieren
in
ideal...
is
an appearance...
impracticable.
"
(KrV/CPR A570, B598, t. m. my omissions).
,
Thus it
opposite
may be said
ends of
the
the
that
of
site
by the
spectrum
the
highest
is
reality
(as matter)
understanding
posited
at
and by
reason (as god).
We are now in
transcendental
theoretical
to
a position
ideal
propositions
examine
whose only
of
the
in
proper
which
function
understanding
-127-
Kant
way
characterises
is
to
regulate
but
in
which
the
reason
the
itself
overreaches
unavoidably
knowledge
by itself.
In
elaborating
speculative
reason,
Kant
observes:
the
in
transzendentales
Substratum
zum Grunde
gelegt
ganzen
können,
genommen werden
als
die
Idee
"If
thus
a transcendental
daher
All
von einem
material
is
put
at
reason,
then
this
substrate
reality
(omnitudo
realitatis).
This
to
is
plenitude
possible
capability.
It
but,
power
are not
themselves
operation
of
(sic))
of
than
A575f,
B604f,
ideal
the
as the
(to
'god')
highest
all
are
capacity
of
the
shadowy
and
the
ideal
richness,
plenitude,
in
a world
are
are
or
in
power
matter
original,
by an as yet
to
solely
(mangelhafte
ectypa
The immediate
figures
originary
greatest
they
mere imperfect
the
of
plenitudinous,
they
for
an all
they
the
and power
our
Since
or,
plenitude
of
themselves.
originary
both
can
things
that
as performed
of
elsewhere,
for
archetype.
things
idea
that
only
original
the
were,
contained
are
where
it
potentia,
implies
locatable
"
t. m. my italics)
,
potential,
it
conversely
highest
the
den
anderes,
determination
can be lies
that
nichts
of
the
by
Dinge
der
predicates
there
of
effect
metaphysical
a beyond
such
reason,
unattainable
such
a deplorably
Urbegriff,
the
are
derived
in
move
who
an
for
realm.
As has already
but it
other
that
say
here,
mere appearances
originary
nothing
idealisation,
is to allocate
deficient
to
and
and not
Kopeien
thoroughgoing
possible
" (KrV/CPR
gleichsam
as
the
is
welches
contains,
basis
of
ein
realitatis).
all
importantly,
beyond,
mere copies
to
(omnitudo
which
Vernunft
Substratum
whence
as well
is
much more
highest
the
attribute
Realität
substrate
of
be taken,
der
as imagined
Prädikate
dieses
of
ideal,
wird,
mögliche
so ist
enthält,
stock
entire
all
the
unserer
Bestimmung
des Stoffes,
can be constitutive
of
durchgängigen
Vorrat
it
nature
der
"Wenn also
it
that
and presumes
been mentioned,
concept
does not
or
archetype.
derive
from
Kant
calls
the
means that
This
anything
-128-
or
ideal
the
anywhere
copies
else
(or
so dialectical
from
to
wishes
reason
believe).
The ideal
is
of formations
(which
in a hierarchy
of
The ectypa
imperfect
copies,
"Das Ideal
ist...
also
das Urbild
insgesamt,
als
mangelhafte
Möglichkeit
daher
nehmen...
"
"The ideal
is....
thus
archetype
or
formative
also
ideas
to
refers
on the
it
itself
and not
in
as ' prototype'
determined
hand,
other
first
original,
are
a series
),
from
highest
elsewhere.
wholly
secondary,
Dinge,
welche
derived:
wholly
and all,
as imperfect
possibility
from
They are
devoid
but
themselves
ideals.
the
why Kant
is
wholly
Secondly,
things
Kopeien
the
" (KrV/CPR
..
of
any power
to
import
then,
the
being
world
derivatives,
only
second-bests,
by not being
in
the
of
derive
the
zu ihrer
things,
all
which
material
for
one
their
their
own material
for
from
higher,
richer
power
of
values
results
the
distribution
of
entirely
conditioned,
being
whereas
the
ideal
in
mere
distinguished
is
itself
the
derived.
or
Kant
determination,
thoroughgoing
of
principle
den Stoff
generate
any way conditioned
In introducing
(ectypa),
A578, B606, t. in. )
to
it
aller
(prototypon)
metaphysical
this
of
(sic)
(ectypa),
copies
it.
have
(prototypon)
remarks:
"...
er [der
Möglichkeit,
gesamte
Überhaupt.
"...
it
Grundsatz]
[the
principle]
also
as the
(KrV/CPR A572,8600,
That store
furnished.
als
den Inbegriff
Ding
aller
noch im Verhältnis
der
Prädikate
auf
die
Dinge
"
possibility,
perfect
jedes
betrachtet...
of
place
But
all
of
all
this
epitome
views...
of
all
each
predicates
t. in. , my insertions
possibilities
predicates,
of
course
is
in
relation
of
things
to
in
the
general.
entire
"
and omissions)
the
a treasure
carries
thing
the
-129-
epitome,
the
most
trove
from
which
implication
that
complete,
most
things
can be
the
copies
far
from
of
the
penultimate
quote:
indem sie
[die
Kopeienl
demselben
themselves
are
continuation
"...
kommen, dennoch
This
perfect.
jederzeit
unendlich
"...
while
they
[the
copies]
get
yet
they
fall
at
times
infinitely
all
is
made abundantly
[dem Urbild]
daran
weit
less
more or
mehr oder
fehlen,
of
the
weniger
nahe
"
es zu erreichen.
to
close
short
in
clear
it
[the
it.
reaching
archetype],
"(KrV/CPR
A578, B606, t. m. )
Thirdly,
these
one side
and things
infinitely
far
exclusively
on the
pl eni t udinous
fact
the
or
sweep of
hypostatisation
and,
identifies
ideal
its
in
greatest
anthropomorphised
god:
Ideal
Vorstellung
hypostasiert,
zur Vollendung
"Thus
this
representation,
ideal
der
of
is
Einheit,
the
first
and
characterises
the
as
or derived
conditioned
image
that
In
by
cuts
itself
from
the
exigencies
of
this
demystification
(or
critique),
the
precise
to
off
(realisation,
steps
by means of
which
reason
with
which
innocently
enough
and ends
up with
the
of
Wesens wird
d. 1.
person
also,
gemacht,
darauf
that
-130-
is,
der
Vernunft
indeed
a mere
an object,
then
Fortschritt
although
bloße
ob es zwar
'
personifiziert...
being,
the
an
eine
zum Objekt
natürlichen
einen
realised,
and
emerges.
begins
real
ideal
processes
so gar
most
entirely
the
realisiert,
durch
time
resides
the
personification)
reality
all
on the
demystify
is
course
a movement
endlich,
and not
reason
enumerates
zuerst
Kant
way endorsing
des allerrealesten
ist,
is
Dialectic
finally,
the
"Dieses
the
even
that
ideal
for
are
perfection
the
former.
any
metaphysical
side,
that
and
as original
the
In
other
other,
be remembered
reality.
for
the
in
Kant painstakingly
search
of
thereby
without
objective
each
and powerful,
which speculative,
of
from
side
course
entire
on the
copies
removed
What must of
as perfect
can be summed up by saying
points
it
into
made
is
and finally,
hypostatised,
of
completion
in
But even
the
procedure,
Kant
devoid
all
of
unity,
by a natural
progress
of
even
personified...
" (KrV/CPR
A583, B611, t. m. )
of
this
midst
highly
credits
pre-critical
sensibility)
not
ethereal
reason
to
imagine
the
and entirely
erroneous
enough
(even
with
a being
such
towards
reason
sense
to
when
exist
objectively:
"Es versteht
sich
Wesens,
solchen
is
Vernunft...
das dem Ideale
gemäß ist,
that
does
self-evident
such a being
that
reason...
to
corresponds
And he sums
up the
intended
Existenz
nur
die
Idee
presuppose
the
existence
but
the
idea
sondern
eines
desselben
given,
Erdichtung,
KrV/CPR A580, B608).
the ideal,
which
is elevated
to
is
initially
the
of
transcendental,
untenable
which
It
is
to
is
in
another
status
which
reason,
of
but
The source
'god'.
in
'a
it
when he calls
thing
only
of
it.
of
"
and omissions)
concept
as a regulative
real
not
argument
ontological
objectively
in the person
die
ideal,
the
(KrV/CPR A577f, B605f, t. m. , my italics
merely
nicht
"
voraussetze...
"It
daß die
von selbst,
is
an
bloße
(eine
that
fictionalising
merely
regulative
of
constitutive
ground
of
this
idea
transformation
say pre-critical,
into
converted
of
theology
is
which
mere fiction'
an act
such
an idea,
such
(for
of
reason,
reality
of
all
Kant
names
instance
KrV/CPR A580, B608).
It
appears
that
these
all
organised
in
the
form
types
thought
locate
of
interpretations
Needless
things
to
of
say,
it
of
what
is
remarks
by Kant
can again
be summarised
scale,
depending
on where
relation
to
an ascending
themselves
in
constitutes
the
a critical
vantage
emerges.
-131-
highest
point
the
reality,
from
the
and
various
two extreme
god or matter.
which
this
order
of
this
the
lowest
point
of
identifies
the
ideal
with
At
it
believes,
simply,
is
a being
reality
demonstrate
conclusively,
Theology's
ideal
Technically
speaking
conditions
of
whose
objective
this
the
constitutive
register
the
same
illegitimate
A median
which,
its
moderates
fact
is
still
to
ideal
only
more modest
of
Only at
the
do even the
this
share this
is,
which
in
prestabilised
of
pinnacle
for
the
theoretical
has in
short,
of
echoes
the
of
very
the
be objectively
real,
of)
theology
Kant
goes
disproof
s)
the
be found.
can
fact
form
of
(transcendental)
senses
is
given,
has
But
within
a diagnostic
or
matter.
that
merely
the
necessary
time
not
the
or
pre-critical
ens
to
the
realissimum.
reason
least
with
'god',
at
acknowledging
that
this
ideal
cannot
independently
of
the
unavoidable,
reason
at
least
it.
Reason
has
itself
towards
the
dogmatic
thinks
to
orientate
no longer
it
in
that
realises
now entered
to
adheres
does not
it
theology,
and
been
yet
attest
to
highest
on to
the
theology
whom
ideal
although
the
the
fully
yet
a
embrace
appearances.
the
in
scale,
'god'
at
senses,
their
the
of
knowledge,
(be it
guarantees
-132-
are
directly
the
or
This
inaudible.
in
correspondence
the
within
material
given
their
the
reason,
critical
of
least
that,
reason
simple
development
become wholly
Christianity
formation
that
it
to
agency
begins
of
theology;
substance
the
reason
knowledge,
no longer
harmony)
it
finds
real
identify
traditional
a world
indeed
the
Thus
as
But
world.
as
of
of
reason.
insofar
of
last
happen
of founding
It
reality,
in
the implications
finally
in
exists
reality,
experience.
to
exist
of
type
up by dialectical
point
inventions
grotesque
taken
(this
any
imaginary
an
the
phase
exigencies
of
compelled
tendencies
in
of
to
zeal
be found
illusiory
the
of
position
although
of
characteristics
elevation
to
be attributed
material
as being
very
devoid
can
realised
takes
(nor
knowledge,
which
Kant
for
no proofs
entirely
scale
whom it
Thus
objective
through
space
is
'god'
exist.
to
for
imaginary
project
and the
equal
proper
due.
form
of
can
of
human
a
to
knowledge
the
objects
(of
faculties
of the
to
correspond
knowledge)
can become objectively
instead
ensures
that
valid
or
them,
real.
the
the
ensures
This
is
harmonious
interaction
knowledge
can
that
they
objects
of
in
words,
other
obviously
technical,
reversals
of
critique
is
to
out
the
special
merely
seemingly
world;
knowing
means of
our
the
of
turns
what
into
the,
a revolutionary
thought.
it
But whilst
the
in
occupies
critique
important
ideal,
(Christian)
parts
and
free
to
do so.
But
of which
Kant
greatly
by the
distance
of
philosophy
and
the
we should
not
be lulled
into
thinking
way in
from
be situated.
particularly
its
at
text,
least
of
not
scale,
elaborated
the
(even
he
introduces
two poles
(matter
which
(chapter
source
of
if
even
which
section
three
of
material
such
Kant
questions
and exposes
its
metaphysical
critical
the
ideal
Transcendental
Deduction's
in a transcendental
unity
equally
of
necessary,
untenable,
apperception.
-133-
project
which
in
possible,
Kant's
the
gauge
can
an evaluation
blind
and indeed
us to
be found
same way in
is
present
can
the
it
construction
a
In
implications,
be
text),
Deduction.
reason's
he would
this
the Transcendental
belief
all
explicitly
at
for
from
the
and ideal)
one,
thought
above,
allows
equally
to
of
Kant
that
material,
demise
that
imagine
he does not
his
which
concurrent
a quasi-theological
we should
facilitates
As before
rich
traces
all
his
of
aspects
position
history
eradicates
unequivocally
it)
the
draw
question
pre-critical
pre-
the
belief
in
Deduction
II. The Transcendental
We have already
in
seen
which,
constructed
(as plenitudinous,
apperception
is
consciousness'
("dieses
KrV/CPR A107)
and as 'this
times
seems to have
three
syntheses
is
which
to
then
Kant
impossible
purity
which
corrupt
body,
and
to
share
the
'originary
same status
it
in
seems to
transcendental
status
the
when
and
so
is
ideal;
the
carry
as
it
same
devoid
finally
from
capacity
of
matter
resistant
thought.
-134-
tone
register
the
the
ideal
in
a complete
it
knowledge,
of
compromised,
marks
matter,
already
been
being
in
part
seems
called
the
of
former
to
found
the
highest
the
In
attribution
as the
is
basis
register
by being
and
in
technically
of
two).
and
one
is
or
Platonic
apperception
which
to
same
sinister
have
series
insofar
as
the
with
traditionally
of
furthermore,
the
sullied,
(Urbegriff)
reminiscent
of
possibility
an allegedly
sections
epitome
material
'pure',
a more
transcendental
'originary',
other
imbued
its
epithet
of
conflicting
one,
the
if
the
which
order
chapter
condition'
or especially,
to mutation
to
(these
to
attention
conditions
opposition
at
ideal?
that
true
which
the
provide
apperception,
entirely
impure
above,
to
of
immutable
ursprüngliche
KrV/CPR A105),
old
it
etc.
ideal's
the
is
it
dissociate
as
(e. g.
a priori
altogether
characterised
than
a matter
stands
cf.
function
transcendental
physicality,
anatomised,
then,
unity
terms,
Bewußtsein",
unwandelbare
to
is
transcendental
originary,
consciousness,
of
the
pure,
this
inform
to
as 'this
ideal
dissimilar
altogether
("diese
which
all
not
the
enough,
condition'
Is
Although
refers
it
originary
formal
describes
be uncovered.
speaking,
is
first
in
ursprüngliche,
no other
with
values
unconscious
It
reine,
KrV/CPR A106).
Bedingung",
to
refers
terms
Interestingly
described
when Kant
loaded,
extremely
etc. ).
occasionally
instance
as for
(II)
'immutable'
knowledge
encapsulation
the
precisely
is
to
even,
degree
by
subject
level
On the
the
of
transcendental
argument,
apperception
are
Deduction,
a chapter
whose chief
demonstrate
that
the
pure
the
rule
according
provide
intuition
In
to
cohere.
of
Kant's
project
can
only
terms
necessity
Notwendigkeit
say,
be the
less
or
the
synthesised
of
understanding,
It
the
by means
of
kind
be traced
but
a concept
and its
of
which
the
manifold
chief
a peculiar,
not
albeit
to
is
and,
conversely,
that,
the
concept
whatever
faculty
transcendental
concepts,
apperception,
unavoidable,
a
which
of
it
appears
applicable
of
to
is
Why should
(whereby
is
should
unified
A106).
as the
-135-
This
that
it,
of
source
A103)
a synthesis)
apparently
unifying
(KrV/CPR
logic
as far
vehicle,
is
a synthetic,
synthesis.
understanding,
circular
back
of
the
a synthesis
such
from
lead
a transcendental
(KrVICPR
which
immediate
formally
faculty
Gegenstand)
(ein
an object
this
of
this
any
(of
representation
one
necessity
is
synthesis
be held
conditions.
only
to
that
allow
a transcendental,
a concept
since
that
can only
level
to
imagination,
case
into
inferences
can
conditions
transcendental
prejudiced
an empirical
is
be the case that
concerned?
speaking
transcendental
representation
local
strictly
these
zum Grunde"
unified
fact
the
given
does
of
("Aller
intuitions
transcendental
consciousness
from
empirical
of
that
say
Bedingung
requires
nature
to
to
principle
manifold
conditions
an
and
the
than
more
in
can
a truism
as such
not
nothing
of
disparate
which
categories,
this
the
within
all
for
that
necessary,
Transcendental
possible
accepted
a category)
expresses
it
is
it
seem that
(synthesised)
is
if
as to
especially
it
which
Even
unified
namely
to
about
the
understanding
transzendentale
necessary,
to
the
eine
consciousness
or
of
jederzeit
necessary
synthesis,
concepts
after
liegt
convergent
formally
is
transcendental
under
would
function
claims
into
in
together
It
ins erted
be grounded
is
inferences
being
something
consciousness
make it
some unsustainable
is
A106).
KrV/CPR
too,
feature
on the
the
are
of
that
text
Kant's
be so enormously
should
a (pre-critical)
of
operations
it
but
reason
(pre-critical)
prejudices.
There
a very
telling
in
which
he details
condescending
tone.
He writes:
appears
reason
speculative
slightly
"So
ist
der
also
Gang
überzeugt
sie
sich
vom Dasein
diesem
erkennet
sie
eine
unbedingte
die
und
führt
den
the
natural
"Such
then
is
itself
of
the
unconditioned
zu
typical
procedure
not
menschlichen
Vernunft
beschaffen.
Irgend
notwendigen
Begriff
eines
Existenz.
allem
without
Wesens.
den Begriff
dem,
was selbst
ihn
andern
ist...
Das...
in
nämlich
ist
absolute
des
höchsten
a
In
sie
findet
einigen,
own
Nun sucht
und
eines
any
necessary
existence.
Now it
sufficient
condition
the
of
of
of
all
condition
and
all
else...
of
concept
of
human
course
existence
independent
with
of
its
Wesens
"
sich...
it
discussion
Bedingung,
aller
Bedingung
zureichende
Einheit,
bei
von
Kant's
in
der
it
to
its
Zuerst
des Unabhängigen
that
the
regarding
seems blind
paragraph
natürliche
insightful
seeks
finds
it
First
it
persuades
this
it
recognises
In
being.
the
a singular,
reason.
that
an
is
which
concept
of
in
that
which
That...
is
absolute
unity,
and
namely
the
supreme
being...
" (KrV/CPR
is
the
itself
carries
A587, B615, t. m. my omissions)
,
Kant is
of
course
image thereof)
tempting,
as well
described
transcendental
simply
not
to stand
at
Kent himself
of
yet
divine
the
read
human being
(or
within
managed to
or
zenith
inadvertently
merely
of,
or
rid
hints
at
this
itself
of
a being
from,
such
-136-
'god'
(or
at
least
reason
but
it
is
as if
it
passage
the
nature
a parallel
very
has
idealism
which
dogma of
a supreme
any case
is
old
which
an
by means of
thereof,
image
an
a transcendental
human,
and apart
of
'natural'
to
revealing,
apperception)
quite
being - be it
as very
fabrication
theology
rational
fabrication
the
about
writing
within
the
in
conceived
presumed
as creation.
when he writes:
Ideal
"Dieses
des
ist,
Vorstellung
hypostasiert,
zuerst
zur
der
Einheit
der
höchsten
In
Dinge
scheint.
"
"Thus
this
(in
Realität
und
einem
höchsten
Erscheinungen
real
being,
although
that
finally,
by
does
not
a natural
even
personified...
rest
upon
appearances
its
manifold
combination
of
apperception),
consequently
thoroughgoing
determinability
the
unity
the
understanding,
a mere
an object,
then
in
towards
reason
the
unity
(sensibility
alone),
(in
things
an
of
one
the
and
reality
all
the
regulative
understanding
of
consequently
and
indeed
highest
(possibility)
aller
is
themselves
of
der
zu liegen
of
by the
Einheit
Intelligenz
made into
because
;
regulative
(Möglichkeit)
it
progress
die
die
mithin
einer
is,
Vernunft
Mannigfaltigen
Bestimmbarkeit
in
and
experience
beruht,
der
(der
ihres
mithin
realised,
darauf
selbst
Verstande,
most
gemacht,
weil
Verknüpfung
durchgängige
first
unity,
der
Apperzeption)
is
of
a supreme
den
the
completion
on the
auf
of
ideal
hypostatised,
personifiziert...;
auf
eine
Fortschritt
natürlichen
bloße
ob es zwar
zum Objekt
gar
einer
die
also,
so
sondern
Verstand
representation,
but
nicht
allein),
den
einen
Einheit,
Erfahrung
Sinnlichkeit
durch
durch
wird
d. i.
realisiert,
endlich,
Vollendung
Wesens
allerrealesten
to
seems
lie
in
"(KrV/CPR
intelligence.
A583, B61 1, t. m. my omissions)
,
It
seems
not
construction
altogether
account
understanding
thinking,
chapter
formal
wishes
of
one,
to
be able
into
back
(and
to stamp
the
does not
Kant
allow
pure
For
be the
of
what
And
three,
on this
of
to
synthesis?
with
concepts
does he not
is
consciousness
the
above)
a-
concomitant
become the
to
at
does
heart
simply
(as
he not
confuse
the
consciousness?
-137-
And finally,
all
something
allow
conscious
the
under-standing,
of
a process
already
unified
much more essentialist
Kant's
Deduction,
be hypostatised,
foundation
section
Transcendental
to
understanding,
free
the
(reason's
procedure
very
experience.
the
of
read
with)
what
this
to
produce
apperception
representations,
a1aot , the
how
of
has to
merely
ideal)
combine
transcendental
that
its
of
ostensible
impossible
in
of
this
- unity
above
groundless
discussed
nature
all,
uno-
which
he
does he not
channel
the
himself
thematised
under
refers
to as 'my
identical
between
(in
the
to
the
' relate'
instance
when he writes:
"Also
beziehet
sich
reine
Synthesis
der
"
"Thus
transcendental
all
transz.
(sic)
the
imagination,
combination
the
of
in
as
manifold
the
(unity
Kant
likes
wonderfully
Apperzeption
auf
Bedingung
die
der
a priori
in
einer
relates
to
the
pure
condition
of
the
possibility
apperception
in
an enormous
as for
Mannigfaltigen
an a priori
runs
Beziehung),
der
"
a cognition.
he
KrV/CPR A129)?
imagination.
in
eine
' vessel'
paltry
transcendental
conflict
als
of
unity
the
of
Einheit
des
the
he
which
Selbst",
(beziehen,
Einbildungskraft,
Erkenntnis.
of
' relation'
or
die
this
about
nature,
A) there
synthesis
Zusammensetzung
aller
synthesis
priority
productive
uncertainty
words
of
claims
rival
ambiguous
the
self'
of
into
synthesis,
Deduction
from
Möglichkeit
name of
Transcendental
and
to seek refuge
the
identisches
apperception,
of)
impulses
or extra-human
("mein
the
Throughout
tension
pre-
multiple,
A118, t. m. my
,
(KrV/CPR
italics)
The sentence
does
even
not
by 'a priori
condition',
apperception
or transcendental
which
the
multiple
problem
in
the
following
die
Einheit
dieser
Einbildungskraft]
ursprüngliche
vorgestellt
*...
the
called
heißt
Einheit
wird.
unity
of
is
two
meant
of
Similarly,
synthesis.
the
the
formulation:
in
Mannigfaltigen
[des
Synthesis
Apperzeption,
als
der
in
Beziehung
a priori
notwendig
in
imagination]
wenn sie
transzendental,
der
the
(hypo-)stasis
the
of
of
transcendental
more originary,
becomings
or
"...
here
imagination,
understanding
arises
clear
make entirely
is
which
auf
die
"
this
transcendental
[of
synthesis
when it
is
the
manifold
represented
-138-
as a priori
necessary
is
in
relation
to
italics
and insertions)
What is
this
again,
unity
There
are
third
section
be cited
just
from
the
the
section
where
this
seems to
settle
the
(In
A),
Kant
a large
the
of
is
ambiguity
dispute
and,
once and for
most
by
all
clearly:
Synthesis
der
Einbildungskraft
Möglichkeit
principle
possibility
of
the
of
der
necessary
solving
the
der
Apperzeption
der
unity
to
prior
cognition,
der
besonders
imagination
all
of
vor
the
Einheit
notwendigen
Erkenntnis,
aller
synthesis
more primordial?
could
Principium
the
coordination
which
das
"Thus
or of
is
ist
"Also
subordination
' relata'
Then again,
quite
one of
two
Deduction
prevalent.
apperception.
the
it
" CKrV/CPR A118, t. m. my
,
of
is
examples
Transcendental
stating
originary
relation,
of
which
number of
the
der
Erfahrung.
of
the
der
(productive)
of
the
" (KrV/CPR
Al18,
t. m.,
definitive
statement
is
experience.
especially
Grund
"
pure
apperception
(produktiven)
reinen
the
ground
my italics)
But far
from
seems to be utterly
this
conclusively,
problem
just
a few pages
aber
ist
contradicted
when Kant
later,
declares:
"Die
Einheit
notwendigen
"But
the
der
Apperzeption
Gesetzmäßigkeit
unity
of
lawfulness
necessary
is
of
all
in
einer
transcendental
the
appearances
in
Grund der
transzendentale
Erscheinungen
aller
apperception
der
Erfahrung.
ground
an experience.
of
"
the
"(KrV/CPR
A127, t. m)
Although
important
synthesis
concerning
we are
not
implications
or originary
Kant's
quite
of
yet
the
in
decision
apperception,
seeming
a position
inability
which
to
draw out
the
to
privilege,
primordial
we can offer
(or
-139-
unwillingness)
more
some suggestions
to
resolve
this
very
important
question,.
discussion
above,
project
delineation
its
in
to
could
And here
theology.
rational
In
this
ideal
reason,
pure
the certainty
Kant
can
critical
it
and unavoidable
errors
I have
between
the
and that
first
other
namely
sets
committed
by
some of
the
transcendentale,
viz.
the
quest
for
Insofar
as
foundation
in
another
transcendental
apperception.
the
which
separates
him from
quite
clearly.
On the
of
very
of
the
by the
which
this
yet
(whereby
nature
Copernican
faculties
out
into
us
significant
of
' nature'
must of
unrealised
indicates
the
huge advances
reason,
liberated
to
question
the
claims
in
no
longer
safe
into
the
divinity
-140-
of
pre-
synthesis
discussion
as a possible
course
is
in
lodges
the
other
preliminary
And it
knowledge).
it
lacunae
retain
this
the
the
sense
and
as
of,
as a construct
namely
and
begins
another
discovery
turn,
of
yet
latent
however
gradually
drew
examination
enormously
text,
can be staked
critique
in
to highlight
attempted
prototypon
itself
distance
discovery,
and not
standard
intellectual
knowable
-
by the
critical
the
on after
beings
the
reason,
it
it
of
some of
force
his
success
repeat
primary
only
the
that
inadvertently
that
takes
the
to
Kant's
of
to
able
be shown
consummation
side,
return
regard
knowledge,
of
to
be gauged
failures
more obvious
last
at
was proposed
the
similarities
of
it
which
some extent
of
we are
momentous
interstices
of
of
the
critique
of
of
the
Christian
god over
all
divine
ideal
the
knowledge
of
matter.
of
the
as
reason,
Ideal
The Marasmic
III.
At this
procedure
very
On one
level,
In
it
science
qua physics.
philosophy
since
other
Plato
known,
the
for
Kant
principle
of
of
possibility
solved
they
in
are,
of knowing
the world
-
objects
claim
in
the
of
the
present
as discussed
relation,
following
simply
of
how it
is
of
the
in
Kant's
in
own
realm
precisely,
it
is
judgements'
in
of
up the
question
- central
that
possible
correspond
natural
to
our
to
these
objects
inquire
into
and,
it
to
our
means
of
knowing
them.
By thus
of
the
it
became
possible
to
a solution
with
the
'highest
faculties
argumentation
formulation
at
are
the
of
"the
that
(KrV/CPR
experience"
to
qua experience,
of
viz.
,
general
to
allow
the
in
Critique
possibility
to
question
the
first
nature
principle
objects
corresponding
the
the
and
in
to
of
of
nature
unresolved
of
conditions
same time
the
conditions
A158, B197, t. m. 6)
that
of
Kant
problem.
Kant's
as
given
other
materially
is
most
radically
fact
that
for
such
not
they
to
are
to
prior
our
say
that
indeed
-141-
from
him the
modes
of
objects
precisely
words,
This
answer
the
course
of
not
the
knowledge)
objects
them.
to
by taking
synthetic
is
are
task
of
What distinguishes
knowledge
self-appointed
centuries
age-old
predecessors
we are
this
experience
of
this
of
usual,
did
problematic
all
possibility
that
chapter)
categories
of
-
objects
More
one stroke.
as
reversing
bring
to
on the
a theory
It
(our
relocating
some implications
this,
words,
representations
of
consider
approach
in
possibility
to
was the
found,
well
this
earlier
closely.
found a theoretical
as is
one of
based
Critique.
first
the
substantiate
section
suffices
ideas
and
to
necessary
of
no longer
it
principles
the
becomes
beginning
the
(made at
context
it
point
our
objects
of his
of
our
them,
that
knowledge,
of
means
objects
as things
of
we produce
given,
those
pre-exist
knowing
and
our
precede
in
our
But as separate,
faculties.
they
the
are
that
the
processes
and 'subjective'
manner of
unsolvable
nor
circumstances
KrV/CPR A53, B77)
they
are
and they
on the level
to
alleges
the
as the
burden
altogether
unbearable
methodical
work).
categories
of
provide
what would
first
the
material.
However
ultimate
justification
they undoutedly
otherwise
According
apriority
to
the
of
it
world
the
latter
instance,
historical)
factors
open to
automatic.
of
truth
which
(a perhaps
not
the
of
seemingly
Aristotelian
(cf. the
of
project
Kant's
for
more extens've
slow,
the
course
the
Analytic
of
role
and
drawing
unrelated
philosophy,
a critical
of
their
or
origin
exploration
he
of
are
work
fulfill
larger
manner,
processes
and thereby
alleged
this
predominantly
penchant
excavatory
swathes
in
albeit
the
are
(traditionally
and object)
guiding
be vast
they
volition;
explicating,
and
(cf. e. g.
say,
issue
given
universal
how the
discussion
objects
of
these
of
the
above).
must
in
(for
through
the
Kant
are
thread
for
means
Introduction,
the
produced
knowledge
great
within
points
is
his
the
constituted
Kant,
Kant,
their
are
to
truth
contentious
provide
according
new critical
of
Critique
of knowledge
of
this
which
For,
derivation,
for
a kind
together
objects
this
" burden'
all
the
and
transcendental
cornerstones
of
of
analysing
in
Dialectic
in
of
to
would give
one might
around
are
rise
not
or,
formally)
say,
Copernican
by psychological
A50, B74)
thinking
be productive
Among the
they
certainly
correspondence
their
of
are
to
production
problems).
determined
(ibid
By revolutionising
on the
case
different
is
Kant's
formal
knowledge
in
change
spontaneous
comprehended
which
theoretical
do not
they
(in
(that
this
of
' epistemological'
by which
the processes
takes
Nor does
products
individual
Kant
faculties.
our
revolution
entirely
objects
of
state
necessary,
individual
to
be possible
terms
of
synthetic
rests
in
the
articulate
knowledge
a priori
judgements.
universal
-142-
and necessary
The
constitution
the
of
faculties
but that
they
disparate,
first
intuition,
Only
whether
separate
the
least
scope
of
theoretical
reason,
ignore
the
intrinsic
limitations
in
first
this.
For,
although
the
grandeur
theoretical
(even
is realised
what is
Kant's
in
this
type
by the
the
to
its
find
determinatively.
apprehension
in
by a synthesis
pure
the
In
in
imagination
then can an object
be known.
But the
object
which
is
thus
of
first
was the
to
type
this
of
view
when it
in
short,
when
human faculties,
its
manifold
is
known,
and via
categories
effects
the
since
this
(the
the
pure
recognition
(KrV/CPR
produced
-143-
universal
faculty
forms
in
i
subsumpt on of
is
as object
given
of
judgement
a concept
is
for
is
it
the
by
determined
which
is
it
here
the
involved,
Transcendental
of
a concept
operation
the
particular),
and the
intuition
theory
come into
the
of
the
limitations
the
the
concepts
terms
of
philosophically
for
and
nonetheless
and
realised.
judgement
of
is
himself
immediately
is
philosophy
it
thus
and how it
it
senses
universal
in
must be possible
of
own terms)
The faculty
the understanding
project
undisputed,
knowledge
of
Kant
the
of
revolutionises
Critique.
become cognisable
to
under
is
known through
must be apprehended
must be formed.
the
of
knowledge
of knowledge
For any object
the
from
significance
legitimate
realise
particular
Kant
the
occur'.
which
established
of
enormous
in
combined)
sweep in
to
faculties
(and Kant's
or
the
are
materials
intellectual
impossible
acting
diminishing
page);
there
as distinct
an understanding
procedures,
previous
that
unrelated,
their
finally
scope
fact
respective
the
the
the
their
delimits
founding
due to
altogether
is
there
above,
of
magnificent
knowledge
because
not
(cf.
synthesis
in
Without
entirely
obviously
them
of
can the
of
analysis
is
synthetic
are
although
place.
productive
are
which
must be mediated
Deduction
in
A);
an object
in
general
only
(überhaupt)
must have
it
that
is
which
productive
processes
implicitly
known of
cannot
has,
quality
it
it
is
actual,
the
first
known as object.
attributes
but
what
be known in
advance
first
is
it
must
be knowable
it
that
in
which
possible
or
concept
'object'.
But
type
causal
determine.
provides
an account
of
how objects
knowable
but
simply
in
the
following
"Unter
Natur...
verstehen
a priori,
Gesetze,
ursprünglichen
stattfinden,
"By nature...
necessary
which first
Empirical
indeed
in
itself
first
Critique.
of
is,
can exist
of
consequence
The thoroughgoing
interplay
that
becomes
the
to
say
that
the
in
general
are
nach
the
scope
first
and
the
of
of
Critique
become
Although
system.
already
implicitly
der
Erscheinungen...
Es sind
der
werden.
the
also
contained
Erfahrung,
of
to
laws.
possible,
and these
laws
and be discovered
is
of
(KrV/CPR
what
only
laws
original
experience
-144-
zufolge
und
jener
möglich
allererst
according
to
certain
laws
are
thus
are
a priori.
through
through
experience,
which
and
experience
A216, B263, t. m. , my omissions)
appearancesq
Kant
und zwar
appearances...
according
of
machen;
Erfahrung
There
"
Gesetze,
gewisse
"
connection
those
nach
die
möglich
selbst
welchen
connectedness
The cohesiveness
level
Natur
eine
possible.
faculties,
formed
and whether
and as particular.
Zusammenhang
Gesetzen.
gefunden
make a nature
laws
is
wir
we understand
rules,
Which
den
nach
und
quantity
stands,
within
vermittelst
nur
quantity,
Kant:
allererst
welche
können
empirischen
wird,
d. i.
Regeln,
notwendigen
zwar
from
it
not
is
of
or
is
it
is
which
-
as a problem,
that
are
it
on the
the
determinations
relation
particular
empirical
terms
this
itself
repeats
quote
of
known in
are
formulated
not explicitly
in
means
of
All
general
to
problem
Critique.
these
necessary
how they
particular
because
the
This
as a result
the
Critique
This
its
in
and in
not
is
described
contained
analytically
it
only
and modality
relation
quality,
that
say
empirical
are
characteristics
to
as produced
understands
by nature
according
to necessary
by the
in
the
and
first
laws
universal
that
is
of which
in
faculties
Kant himself
is
general
the
sense
in
which
we are
capable
of
forming
their
a priori
points
out
possibility
coherent
picture
theory
of
`a nature`,
given,
of
Critique
yet
know how we could
this
to say that
laws
empirical
that
material
does
to
this
is
only
an outline
general,
the
properly,
a
exists
as yet.
After
nature
formally,
but
we do not
becomes
possible
laws
derived
from
experience
status.
But
have a priori
not
be universally
and
necessarily
as empirical
valid
if
these
they
must
in
a priori
terms.
This
is
that,
whilst
the
of
empirical
laws
cannot
be comprehended
priori
terms,
it
be possible
to
derivation
thematised
causes,
synthetic
Preface
This
a priori
is
to
But although
which
is
Kant
as
does
show
a
of
their
appearances
as
as
edition
an account
the
in
of
is
the
of
an entirely
new hiatus
it
of
case
in
only
-145-
forces
to
seeks
the
necessary
of
the
that
of
upon
working
how a science
Introduction
absolutely
with
mechanical
as
is
there
opens
in
this
state
explicitly
context
the
course
and
long
been
connection
he deals
comprehend
only
a problem
is
not
causality
of
Judgements
second
such
not
relation,
of
type
can
temporal
the
categories
only
possible,
the
in
method
we have
interrelatedness
of
namely
although
the
one another.
physics
For
Critique,
efficient
far,
the
them.
up around
type
particular
on so
under
the
comprehend
to
needs
thus.
the
concentrating
first
must
as laws
As concerns
indeed
why Kant
is
which
somehow be comprehensible
material
No
or a sketch.
how it
is
in
nature
function
as
nature
of
know
But,
in
a coherence
is
and when the
way only
faculties
laws
nature,
empirical
in
it,
it
we can
of
are
but
empirical
know
The material
system.
of
we know
first
appropriately.
quote,
Nature
if
interact
a priori
view
there.
picture
as he calls
comes into
the
above
As the
coherence.
formation
the
the
discussed
a coherent
constitution
in
is
nature
for
account
nature
of
first
Critique
the
first
for
the
(cf.
qua
the
Critique).
cognition
of
is
it
nature,
not
as a result
appear
the
of
some
Such objects
critical
knowledge
of
these
formulate
the
of
of
our
cognition
Some of
alone.
that
understanding,
(although,
crucially,
theorisation
are
the
objects
is
to say,
not
solely
to
according
merely
the
in
question
is
namely
the
Critique
of
der
of
which
inorganic
to
the
the
Urteilskraft'®).
many eighteenth
century
as
extent
the
that
both
contain
multiple
functions
of
in
parts
peculiar
ein
Teil
das Werkzeug
zwar
a clock,
one part
is
the
not
is
there
A288, B292,
t. m. )
in
movements (which
for
a complex
are
cause
the
fur
nicht
the
or,
if
the
bringing-forth
of
this
kind
at
according
to
anderen,
aber
des anderen;
ein
movement of
other
-146-
The
the
denselben
of
the
materially;
it.
alike
describes
Bewegung der
of
comprehensible
they do not cause each other
der
but
sake
object
of
have of
a clockwork:
aber
instrument
efficient
how Kant
a
with
exactly
Hervorbringung
der
Willen.
the
is
to
Ursache
um des anderen
is
This
are
which
parts
accordance
we might
a purpose,
the
wirkende
was that
Kt U/ CTJ A288, B292) 9.
lie.
ein
to
example
differences
Rad die
liked
writers
things
organic
of
for
their
of
Faculty
(cf.
whole
concept
to
opposed
to
of
the
teleologischen
and an organism
einer
The parts
a theory
('Kritik
apt
Uhr ist
one part
provide
a clockwork
interrelatedness
one wheel
to
whether
wherein
ist
seeks
objects,
a way that
specifically
Kant
and an organism
is
concept,
of nature
of
of
such
products
types
problem
and we must now turn
or
which
terms
The comparison
"In
laws
any such
in
between a clockwork
Teil
experience
text
in
The comparison
nicht
in
exceed
Judgement
Teleological
"In
work
organisms
are
the chief
not,
the
objects
laws.
mechanical
interact
of
blatantly
it)
from
derived
all
mechanical
given
objects
not
to
by reference
comprehensible
which
since
sufficient,
not
due to
best
cause
the
laws
the purpose
da. "
but
the
others
of
another;
it.
11(KtU/CTJ
one another's
of
physics)
of one part
is to
but
perform
its
function
(which
but
its
purpose
nor
can one clock
produce
is
of
course
rests
and
to
cause another
movement) correctly,
materially,
It
arises.
of
the
whole
its
of
concept
temporally
the
external
entirely
different
the
to
which
have
be to
produce
another
or
with
whom the
but
the
of
the
concept
were,
the
of
it
that
of
the
object
to
the
object
thus
produced
is
to
that
the
effects
this
of
purpose
is
concept
is
we know
from
which
the
of
an
of
words,
the
understanding
can form
the object
as such
and of
its
inner
by means of
causality
inherent
in
understanding,
its
to
the
of
the
other
a
parts
by
In
here
only
exhaustively
relation.
the
and
clearly
the
workings
the
with
is
to
which
purpose
itself.
can be comprehended
causality
the
of
logically
object
part
when a defect
accordance
reference
of
another
concept
as
say
a certain
mend itself
in
whole
purpose
upon each other
type
can never
site,
internal
causality,
the clockwork
the
the
and
order
only
this
production
object
causality
mechanical
Here
its
precedes
here
horologist
who produces
purpose.
to
But
the
is
categories
a complete
picture
the
of
type
of
are
categories
sufficient.
But not
all
objects
conform
manner. Some objects
(although
understanding)
are
the capabilities
these faculties
account
determined
are
for
ultimately
stage the
faculties
as excessive
to
understanding
the
limits
the
of
their
could
not be entirely
reaches
our
by the
of
whence
be exhausted
its
to
such
It
understanding.
this
peculiar
they
that
cognise
as
impossible
to
is
but
experience,
they
This
that
say
the
peculiar
objects
and yet
At that
point,
these
as always
pure
application,
-147-
to
reason
when the
steps
exceed
them as long
encounter
is
the
from
phenomena which
own capacity.
of
knowledge
of
cognition
theorised.
and are
experience
faculties
understanding
as such derived
nevertheless
through
given
of
exclusively
this
in
in
at
some
experience
of
the
would
still
scope
understanding
to
supply
a
not
concept
in
contained
reason
expects
to
involves
itself
in
the Dialectic
chapters
and in
reason
as concerns
of the
understanding.
section
dialectic
Critique,
natural
objects
In
the
this
means
that
when
causality,
with
which
it
aspires
suffice
to
provide
the
for
account
the
regulative
as a definition
it,
of
material,
objective
(Zweck).
Kant
the
following
manner
",..
Begriff
marks
Wirklichkeit
dieses
Übereinstimmung
nur
"...
Zwecken
nach
the
ground
of
the
of
correspondence
possible
according
B XXVIII,
t. m. )]
A purpose
theoretical
is
theoretical
of
It
and
are
knowledge
mit
this
with
could
by
not
whereas
(mechanical)
of
all
objects,
no longer
organisms,
reason
steps
which,
teleological
sofern
could
with
the
Dinge,
die
same time
the
den Grund der
die
und
derjenigen
Beschaffenheit
der
die
Zweckmäßigkeit-"
as
that
is
it
is
of
be otherwise
a purpose
-148-
is
pure
pure
and
a legitimate
only
A XXVI,
"(KU/CJ
practical,
not
pure
ideas
of
the
latter
of
the
concepts
in
the
is
that
things
the
since
the
illegitimate
of
the
a purpose,
called
purposiveness.
a concept
of
at
contains
constitution
called
a purpose
in
Zweck,
]
stand
as an
and purposiveness
der
[heißt]
to
utilises
(Zweckmäßigkeit)
er zugleich
in
this
and
judgement
purpose
mutations
definition
teleological
of
concepts
object,
originally
invalid
only
faculty
enthält,
purposes,
course
reason.
are themselves
understanding
of
the
between
an object,
to
of
of
insofar
a thing
of
regulatively
purposiveness
[heißt
actuality
act
determine
ist,
möglich
concept
concepts
Objekt,
Dinges
eines
two
previous
upon the
to
purposiveness
Objekts
our
in
is
of
difference
on this
chapters
of
understanding's
faculty
von einem
in
reason
application
to
of
the
nature,
The proper
causality
the
internal,
der
the
concept
(hence
of
of
chapter).
context
judgement
or idea,
concept,
objects
as discussed
this
one of
this
upon the
an unavoidable
first
If
understanding.
determinatively
act
the
of
the
the
formation
concept
of
of
pure
reason.
practical
internal,
is
The purpose
is
rather
than
judged
to
this
external
or
exist
in
conformity
object
rather
than
external
to
sake
of
the
the
object
itself
a purpose
which
is
internal
to
therefore
lying
in
another
being
or object
for
externally
purposive
object
would
exist.
Simply
in itself
and not
that
the
is
Nor
just
a means to
in
purposiveness,
formal
and therefore
to exist,
merely
structure.
The purposiveness
the
concerns
the
and which
given
understanding
properties
would
of
the
faculty
deficiency
reason,
In the
Aesthetic
aesthetic
in
the
cognition
of
the
first
forms
is
of
said
only
locatable
pleasure;
is thus
in,
no actual
judged.
the
it
the
can
found
jungle
of
can
to
be only
interplay
purpose
Kant
is
the
which
speaks
of
precisely
matter,
and
of
the
formal
this
supplement
from
pure
in
a priori
laws.
the
Faculty
of
of
to certain
By this
Kant
means to
produced
by,
and ultimately
thereby
to
to
adhere
the
a concept
empirical,
Critique
practical
even
principle
to
leads
which
organisms
find
to
inability
be
attributed
can
is
The
contingent.
function
of
is
which
the
a purposiveness
-149-
object
faculties,
thought
even
object's
for
subject
the
objects
of
the
a concept
wholly
become
the
with
derived
subjective.
aesthetic
thought
an a priori
Critique,
third
is
utterly
to
and
object
as
aspects
a concept
which
it
of
the
understanding's
with
purposiveness
of
There
of
the
concept
an end
untheorisable
the
excactly
the
is
as
find
means
object
its
object,
material
matter
the
the purposiveness
to
the
to
hence
and
fact
empirical,
organic
that
this
is
lawless
Judgement,
concerned
of
this
which
with
part
which
imputed
a loss
understanding
even
it.
(Erkenntnisvermögen10)
apparently
which
to
is
laws
this
is
of
a concept
hazardous,
through
it
only
be at
for
But
lawful
anything
never
an object
understanding.
its
to
the
with
which
with
put,
experiences
understanding
according
unpredictable
which
intuition
of
manifold
the
an end external
accordance
relative
say
provoking
the
without
object
purpose,
which
which
is equivalent
to
directionality
without
a goal-oriented
determined
being
judgement
But the
purposiveness
(that
existence
material)
an act
is
simply
objects
interplay
of
be thought
since
purpose)
of
or
organic
of
must
objects
which
never
reaches
its
of
judging
without
just
the
and
to
it
is
for
the
to
the
not
faculties.
be attributable
for
account
to
their
which
binds
via
organic
objects
hinges
purposiveness
purpose
and
must
be applied
to
valid
concept
which
it
that
status.
Another
way of
objective
reality
to
(otherwise
A291, B295).
This
understanding
say that
organisms
judgement
attain
lend
(KtU/CTJ
of a purpose
to
pretends
the necessary
material
denotes
by the
term
it
in
were
only
in
investigation
Critique).
functioning
not
in this
course
it
does
of
in
for
an
case
employment.
(or
the
sense
an object,
its
of
An important
the
implication
were
an
the
categories
this
is
of
- namely
could
Kant
empirical,
faculty
judgement
must
act
as if
as are
in
fact
for
the
of
concepts
valid
possess
any
such
concepts.
So when
of
contain
it
this
constitutively,
principle.
is
a necessity
in
judgement
of
-150-
this
is
that
third
is
only
of
fact
by
the
its
reflective
the
concept
concept
restriction
emphasised
the
the
posits
but
This
to
determinatively
an organism,
expressing
-
a principle
to
concept
objects
of
of
of
organic
applying
faculty
ever
Introduction
purposiveness
concept
faculty
the
which
it
(final)
ideal)
first
not
their
putting
the
II
thereby
only
to
'ground'
of
with
to
it
is
it
own a priori
objective
speaks
The
necessary)
internal
the
as if,
of
if
sec.
be since
never
objectively
nature
to
of judgement
such
of
of
the
can
a concept
on the
as if
objects
know much more than
.
(cf.
as
reflectively,
concept
' reflective'
understanding
of
natural
constitution
a priori
of a purpose
to
the
But
objective
itself
possession
found
-
such
of
(albeit
them
the
the
of
them
objective
necessity
of
effect
purposiveness
Thus
of the
a
the
The
cause.
objectively
goal,
by a concept.
pleasurable
unrestrained,
natural
direction
activity
faculty
the
faculty
of
the
that
of
Kant
judgement,
although
forms for
its
purposive
or not.
concerning
the
since
can never
is
It
actual,
to
course
the
inexplicable,
for
account
still
of knowing
that
Kant,
of the faculties
objects
distinctions
explain
the
into
such
transcendent,
the
in
the
judgement
describe
the
its
means,
but
critique
and this
of
of
our
objects
of
nature
has to
still
for
occur
could
not
have any
of
our
only
means
the
interaction
natural
world
with
the
'only'
is
objects
but
themselves
knowledge
it
means that
natural
concerned
only
processes
realms.
speculative
knowledge
or
could
does Kant
nor
occurs,
or grow,
philosophical,
might
within
of
project
he is
short,
is
come to be,
or
enquiry
why this
as
which
natural
these
themselves
of
In
judgements
of
to
seek
scientific
mode of
constitution
them.
not
objects
essentially
former
not
fact
The faculty
elaborating
does
objects,
why natural
in
question
investigated,
in
knowledge.
of
engaged
of natural
are
of
them.
of
the
the transcendental
being
constitution
this
stray
He is
formal,
as
answer
objects
can determine
far
ultimately
the purposiveness
know if
constitutive
case
The
this.
development
to
only
whether
of natural
ambition
but
types
No theory,
decay.
understanding
such
namely
to
claims
the
formally
different
between
never
Only
aspire
of
needs to presuppose
own sake,
itself
is
it
it
to
Brise.
One of
the
that
the
is
regulatively
its
it
reasons
concept
applied
reflective
of
the
of
to
is
the
of reason,
an
why
faculty
the
which
the
only
has effects
-151-
in
-
so meticulously
which
organisms,
of
to
appear
between
eirenicon
only
by
would
understanding,
which
of
issues
these
elaborates
purposiveness
them
employment,
apparently
faculties
that
chief
Kant
is
impossible
accomplish
the
hitherto
irreconcilable
effects
the
realm
in
judgement
teleological
the
realm
of
freedom,
of
since
-
nature,
since
and
this
is
purposiveness
a concept
is
which
derived
from
but
reason
to
applied
nature".
If
these
points
position
which
organisms
is
many formal
locating
to
the
faculty
of
by the
The only
it
teleological
judgement
that
the
differences
between
efficient
of
Critique
the
is
and
which
the
understanding
a unilinear
progression
from
cause
to
effect
keeping
its
category
directional
principle
since
two instances
temporality.
this
subsidiary
parts
of
other,
this
it
And although
the
can
are
the
type
of
Teleological
cause and which
(namely
,
for
insofar
be the
that
namely
that
of
concept
productions
the
the
(A)
is
instance,
as the
thus
can in
acorn
as it
were,
concomitant
natural
forms
and
final
whole
of
the
also
type
as all
effect
of
of
causes
(nexus
the
each
and
another
flnalis)
to
be thought
can
which
of
involves
insofar
basis
on the
the
parts.
(A) which
was
an effect
of
(B).
one sense
be thought
the
effect
of
the
oak tree
in
of
a cause
(B) of
turn
precedes
-152-
one-
same
cause
in
this
the
(B)
effect
of
violate
and its
cause
case
transcendental
or,
reciprocity,
mutually
to
be considered
thing
of
is
(nexus
juxtaposes
causality
namely
considered
mutual
causality
time in some sense
Thus an oak tree
is
of
purposiveness
causality,
a purpose
and guide
type
of
does not
only
essentially
be thought
of
conception
reciprocity
causality,
of
only
form
unilinear
of
of
an organism
only
with
this
kind
more complex
an acorn
And yet
of
of
Even the
its
system.
critical
causality
conceptualisation
temporality.
In this
to
relation
Faculty
in
organise
in
precision
vis-&-vis
the
out
effectivus),
because
occupies
the
of
involves
doubles
because
so
can be appreciated.
Judgement,
capable
temporal)
as drawn
causes,
with
internal
the
surely
judgement
locate
to
requirements
is
teleological
difficult
rather
this
complex,
of
(and specifically
specific
final
faculty
the
by thus
only
seem rather
the
considered
(A) must at
thing
time
and the
be as a result
comes to
latter
grows
out
of
the
sake
of
which
can also
be thought
as that
for
the
sense
oak tree
is
the
fruition
of
the
it
lie
contained
in
potentia
in
the
the
nexus
were,
when he writes
succinctly
kann...
[ es]
"...
of
which
It
is
final
into
deserves
the
the
da wir
in
nur,
" (KtU/CTJ
obvious
what
both
to
(the
concept
in
der
Zwecke
Reflexion
über
faden der Urteilskraft
"...
since
this
we do not
in
concept
thread
of
the
hinzu
actually
in
thought,
faculty
es die
name of
former
the
Wirkung
ist.
"
is
once
which
cause
that
of
two
thing,
to
kinds
of
cause
and that
explain
the
causality
to
can be observed
empirical
observation
eigentlich
nicht
of
develop
can
cause:
Natur...
ihre
Produkte,
sondern
Begriff
als
einen
Leit-
nature...
but
only
add
"
denken...
in
purposes
observe
the
diesen
beobachten,
on its
reflection
."
products,
as a guiding
(Kt U/CTJ A332, B336, t. m. ,
my omissions)
And since
experience'
(theoretical)
'there
doubt
be
no
can
(KrV/CPR
a priori
B1?,
if
concept
a
be supported
can easily
concept
instance,
of
das
der
B289, t. m. my omissions)
,
a subjectivity
for
very
den Namen
a thing
which
seeks
judgement..
of
in
an efficient
no amount
a final
werden,...
of
acorn,
of
this
dennoch...
wovon
distinguishes
the
acorn
puts
ist,
A285f,
concept
itself,
whereas
die
der
the
means by which
an oak tree),
"...
effect.
the
evidence
underwrite
gedacht
nevertheless
nature
by empirical
Kant
in
Although
of
acorn.
be thought...
cause are
processes
as
can
immediately
most of all.
to,
connection
is
it
and must be thought
verdient,
an effect,
called
acorn
Dinges
einer
a causal
that
desjenigen
Ursache
an oak tree
In
bezeichnet
welches
als
the
but
exists.
Wirkung
einmal
former)
finelis
Kausalverbindung...
eine
Ding,
"...
of
the
of,
the
that
all
experience
our
(from
deduced)
be
can
-153-
knowledge
which
does not
begins
alone
exist,
with
a
then
that
We can
think
knowledge
cannot
exist.
accordance
with
final
efficient
causes.
Again,
Kant
die
erstere
vielleicht
"Man könnte
"One could
real
sums this
perhaps
more appropriately
idealen
causes,
but
the
latter
implies
that
the
concept
die
to
Verknüpfung
nennen...
"
the
former
call
ideal
of
in
up:
Ursachen
that
be organised
know them according
schicklicher
der
to
objects
we can only
zweite
die
realen,
but
causes
natural
the
combination
" tKtUfCTJ
causes...
der
of
A286, B289,
t. m. )
This
(a critically
scope of
with
concept
all
theoretical
all
appear
as
this
is
(real)
how they
cognition)
of
derived
from
theoretical
objects
But although
ideal
a merely
the
escape
other
yields
points
theorised
nature,
to
Kant'
where
namely
the
the
it
of
surprising
of
s. characterisation
it,
that
as
it
which
can
be
the
found
-154-
only
happen
of
be formative
in
way
against
in
the
is
of
of
which
they
only
linear.
as
In
Judgement
Teleological
there
particularly,
in
in
our
which
be thought
properly
of
of
But
cause.
organisms
Faculty
More
brushes
were,
can
as necessarily
the
insights.
place.
an ideal
of
temporality
of
first
purpose,
must
cause
a glimpse
the
that
be considered
final
a
in
as objects
of
for
understanding,
cannot
reason
since
must first
formation
namely
concept,
Critique
the
their
that,
say
the
(which
application
after
affords
of
work
as objects
status
must
projection
some rather
through
of
concept
too,
respects,
nature
a priori
cause,
narrow
of
say,
as such,
the
objects
and which,
reason
to
empirical
demand
a further
the
the
their
to
of
is
objects
is
shortfall
the
an ideal
merely
This
objects,
that
retrogressively,
and is
beings.
with
some objects
itself
conceptual
beyond
entirely
organic
encounter
achieve
is
cause
nature
the
we supplement
its
in
like
addition,
circumscribed)
which
understanding
a final
of
are
three
which
organic
beings
a much
later
conception
of
to
power.
thought
of
the
will
are
from
Firstly,
natural
purposes
faculty
of
with
a purpose,
Here
significant,
can
nature
properties
if
laws
the
the
Kant
formally
of
status
into
them
knowledge
correspond
to
be judged
as
since
our
the
faculties
case
underlie
the
to
we know
that
the
knowledge
to
attempt
to
of
their
empirical
The
still
requires
that
them
thus
our
means
if
the
and
they
harmonise
with
formal
properties
of
of
materially,
objects
to
never
materially
correspond
faculties.
Thus,
when a purpose
of
a natural
object,
in
this
could
constitution
this
empirical,
knowing
of
(true)
productive
the
truth
of
object
the
found
critically
be altered
objects
is
relinquished.
not
but
ultimately
and
perhaps
be overemphasised
of
study
the
allows
be undermined
to
radically
it
And yet
regard.
empirical
regardless
project
critical
that
respects
some
concerns
of
nothing
status
in
only
of
nature.
still
valid
material
on the
carries
to
objects
capacities
empirical
concerning
theory
are
productive
the
its
accordance
although
is
this
that
but
the
larger,
objectively
But
thought
that
in
of
know
never
of
produced
a technique
propositions
of
shunning
of
that
faculties.
the
we can
fiction'
are
of
says
correspondence
Kant
nature,
of
the
must be said
from
content
knowing
implicitly
posited
the
of
project
But
the
products
integrated
only
objects
the
effectively
that
clear
a 'necessary
are
be
interacting
is
far
since
is
is
these
can
them
it
is
so much
version
objects.
they
that
be 'known',
objects
allows
say
not
it
rather,
only
the
critical
to
that
it
standpoint
as such;
judgement
is
it
a critical
in the process.
Secondly,
Kant acknowledges
be comprehended
mentioned
it
although
above.
Which allows
more adequately
the
that
by
what
reference
There
not
should
is,
transformations
understood'2.
is
to
peculiar
to
rather,
organic
temporality
linear
that
typically
And although
-155-
Kant
this
beings
cannot
alone,
briefly
was
as
circular
a certain
at
occur
reduces
entirely
temporality
in
involved
an organism
this
point,
elusive
to
be
to
the
traditional
forced
to
admit
that
to
temporality
is then
he is
surely
only
able
linear
temporality
in
Thirdly,
not
simply
object
it
is
fact
the
parts
is
for
is
and not
he realises
the
complex
from
of
disparate
parts
the
is
a way that
system
the
in some respects
but
as
verfährt
in
Ansehung
derselben
als
Systeme...
with
regard
Natur
productions
in
Ansehung
ihrer
in
"Nature
proceeds
mechanically
in
of
...
First
respect
them
Introduction,
An organism
itself
in
does not
to
order
the ways in
following
Kant
which
einem.. Produkte
alle
übrige
d. i.
internally
that
in
the
which
self-sustaining.
as aggregates
this
Aggregat
als
to
its
to
products
unique
as aggregates,
" (KU/CJ,
a singular
be or
mechanisch,
"
technisch...
to
comes
jeder
(selbst
und darum wird
organisierendes
a product
due only
to all
that
the other
is,
parts
wird
als
um der
producer
outside
itself.
One of
maintains
the
in
quality
is
found
Teil,
so,
wie er nur
den andern
denen
ein
der
solches
the
nature
rest,
as instrument
(consequently
part
for
the
(organ)...;
each
brings
-156-
der
allen
Stoll
zu
sein
kann:..
nur
und sich
sake
selbst
in
it
as
way
a
such
is
of
the
the
as an organ
forth
dann
können. "
werden
thought
is
andern
Organ,
organisiertes
genannt
die
ein
hervorbringendes
Natur
liefernden
als
existing
nur
sondern
Naturzweck
every
als
gedacht...;
wechselseitig)
Kunst)
durch
Ganzen
des
willen
und
andern
Produkt,
Wesen, ein
of
ein
Kunst,
der
jeder
(Organ)
Werkzeug
Werkzeug
kein
Werkzeugen
Natur
auch
als
(folglich
dergleichen
whole,
a reference
der
da ist,
existierend,
"In...
natural
passage:
"In
Teile
require
describes
s1:3.
of
a system
technically...
VI)
explain
but
Produkte
section
how it
type
other
of
others:
systems...
as
concept),
insufficiency
can be considered
nature
technical
aber
...
but
of
a real
and self-perpetuating,
More precisely,
"Die
any
(and
causes
development
organic
self-regulating
an aggregate
final
of
an ideal
only
an organism
it
such
conception
do so because
accounting
that
in
interact
this
distinguishes
what
is
Aristotelian
the
others
which
other
and of
brings
reciprocally),
forth
can be no instrument
which
material
for
reason
can such
a product,
called
a natural
purpose.
Instead
object
itself
'cause'
of
to
refer
instruments
(as
these
is
the
temporally
and
logically
the
unique
the
products
clock-maker
exists
what
over
and above
that
the
We merely
think
of
for
compensate
of
fact
the
of
that
and
without
ground
it
must
it
to
be cognisable.
natural
is
object,
distinction
producer),
materially
to
is
the
that
parts
types of bringing-forth
of production
itself,
which
and techne,
we
it;
in
the
clock,
case
capability
as
is
to
say
we merely
in
order
to
no nature
outside,
could
be said
of
nature,
that
is,
one might
almost
say,
a purpose
of
of
philosophy
for
to
name the
ground
the
peculiar
most
or
purpose
as product
of
of
it
or
of
on a producer
each
of
(in
to
into
acting
to as
Aristotle
the
itself
outside
develop
we refer
physic,
itself
a
contra-
a purposefully
Since
and produces
of
cause
characteristic
causation
been distinguished
is
nothing
nature
as
than
other
which
each other
cause
A283f, B286-288).
-157-
that
in
it
name a cause
types
object
clock.
to,
order
the
nature
which
the
the
of
way in
do indeed
relies
the
to
capacity,
to
external
the
self-sufficient
which
an auto-productive
in
from
these
have
is
capability
self-producing
is
object
(KtU/CTJ
and growth
the
as a product
of
and reciprocally;
generation
artefacts),
to
And
mechanical
the
suchlike
and
there
be possible
thought
external
but
type
be
producer
we cannot
the
being,
identifiable
objects
in
nature
that
my omissions)
external
object
and for
all
A288, B291f,
not
nature
apart
because,
if
then
is
to
such
'nature'
thing
only
a self-causing
to
for
art):..
provides
and self-organising
Nature
is
a natural
by a technique
which
namely
precedent
is
comprehend
nature
clockworks
'cause',
such
of
generalised
clock-maker
extrapolate
or
that
object.
which
caused
is
with
to
the way in
abstract
principle
the
internal
of
(KtU/CTJ
Here
as nature.
itself
is
"
case
objects
those
only
as organised
in
the
but
art
(even
a singular,
of
of
for
from
in
two
that
out
mode
of
order
for
being".
to come into
it
These three
issues
peculiar
abandonment
of
the
project
temporality
on the
basis
producing
straightforward
concerning
it
approach
of a post-metaphysical
implicated
in
overcoming
of which
there
A286, B290))
chapter
to say,
the
only
namely
mechanical
metaphysically
loaded,
As is always
the
which the
branch
the first
Critique
objects,
should simply
object
required
state
in
the
the
should
Critique
the
be able
of
the
to
-158-
tells
us (KtU/CTJ
in
previous
the
we now
objects,
principles,
the
of
Thus
be directed.
a theory
the)
of
to
objects
of nature,
Critique
third
empirical
sciences
of
organic
to
of
their
given
say about
of
is
that
flawed,
natural
part
expect
Faculty
the
place.
should
(second
reasonably
could
for
stipulate
scope
for
a methodology
they
they
the
project
as a procedure.
must
legitimate
chapters,
its
teleological
to
circumscribes,
Equally,
first
thinking
compromised
general.
are
partially
fundamentally
less
it
still
and since
is
it
is
the
causality
critique,
previous
realises
(as Kant
is
delimits
what
in
according
with
self-
issues
and prejudices,
as a way of
philosophy
provide
and what
that
of
of
As in
it
nature
case
the
a relatively
central
or whether
causality
any
to
critique
thinking
by Kant,
they
whether
and teleology,
mechanism
moment but
the
some of
assumptions
types
we saw that
as advocated
nature,
two
and their
itself
was developed
critique
be thought
judgement.
examine
dogmatic
very
are
to
methodology
have to ask whether
its
to
non-linear
the
confined
teleological
of
for
out
the
organisms),
must
teleology,
critical
below.
exegetical
now becomes necessary
Since
be pointed
has mainly
faculty
the
(of
organisms
section
now this
Until
which
discussion
the
into
incorporated
of
Kant's
surround
knowledge
of
can only
nature,
which
it.
cognise
At no point
Teleological
is
Judgement
it
itself
and
(which
maxims of
of
what
happens
precisely
although
in
a very
veiled
import
not
(conditions
the
One such
principle,
it
carries
(cf. the
is
that
processes
A366, B371).
extensive
claims
knowledge
elsewhere
he calls
the
prejudiced
considered
form
but
question,
and implicit
of the project
"Die
of
Physiologen
kardinalen
Trieb
etwas Lebendiges
Konsequenzen
Prinzipien!
something
as the
living
to
organisms,
something
of
to
to
and which
Nietzsche
overwhelm
die
the
writes
drive
be
than
(self-)
unearths
a persistent
when he says:
against
als
Vor allem
will
ist
eine
'Erhaltung'
nur
Begriff
'Erhaltungstrieb'.
of
positing
the
of
an organic
being:
above
'preservation'
is
-159-
force:
aspects
more radical
teleologischen
its
to
answers
überflüssigen
ganze
again
expend
text
this
should
no obvious
Wesens anzusetzen.
auslassen:
der
organisms
us'
A less
A312, B316).
KtU/CTJ
of
to
unknown
den Erhaltungstrieb
besinnen,
Kant
seems that
contains
threatens
vor
B293 and
is
which
in
although
nature
Natur"
approach
the
know and which
Critique
third
chapter),
direct
A289,
it
baggage
we can never
modus operandi
think
to
KtU/CTJ
might
cardinal
inquiry
mentioned,
ask why self-preservation
Kraft
to
wants
at
to
der
gehört
ought
instance
ground
Vorsicht
-
Und dahin
tendency
explicitly
organischen
seine
in
is
a motive
sich
eines
davon.
"Physiologists
preservation
sollten
the
previous
the
critique
into
principles.
Grund
which
that
the
a diagnostic
tendency
is
this
inner
Predictably,
here
of
(this
And
text,
The point
principles
so-
the
discussion
as a more originary
expenditure.
this
of
throughout
metaphysical
of
inquiry
B XXX).
the
for
innere
uns unbekannte
KU/CJ A XXVIII,
as concerns
illuminated,
such
the
manner.
such
in
foremost
organisms
By imputing
faculty
propositions,
points
a self-preservative
implictly
("der
(e. g.
certain
of
this
of
teleological
possibility
and the
to
no way critically
at
substantial
of)
internal
judgement
and clandestine
presupposes
which
principle
teleological
empirical,
faculty
is
Kant should
a priori
the
this
yet
into
show the
mode) provide
reflective
called
to
needs
only
drive
der
"
for
all
only
one of
of
that.
And that
is
the consequences
principles!
Nietzsche
applies
to
Critique
should
wish
above its
station
levels
the
of
with
greater
that
Kant's
not
to
concerns
the
text
under
consideration,
dearth
examples
from
the
potential
material
for
them,
the
that
given.
rather
be believed
of
ones
casual
tone
when,
in
application
of
organisms,
he suddenly
mechanical
bewerkstelligt,
wenn ihre
einer
for
product
that
discussion
the
(der
two quite
the
rare
of
distinct
examples,
the
second
the
same text.
of
nature,
given
has
the
effect
of
instance,
it
business
it
is
the
antinomy
to
principles
given
the
throwing
to
me
as usual)
is
seems
between
the
deals
the
same
Zwecken
selbst
sie
sei
als
Bildung,
die
sie
für
Fäulnis
in
Freiheit
gesetzt
nun nicht
von eben derselben
Materie,
zu handeln,
dasselbe
eben
neuen
ich
des bloßen
Produkt
durch
Elemente
so kann
nach
example,
the
of
for
achieves
cannot
to
sich
als
Produkt
11
ableiten.
"If,
(implying
Made annehme,
Materie
Kausalität,
well
says:
z. B. von einer
anzusehen:
an importance
realm
For
and teleological
Mechanismus der
werden)
are
surely
to
throughout
occurs
it
third
of
whereas
repeatedly
of
preservation'
why the
one of
move which
relief
"Wenn ich
by reference
first
wealth
for
physiologists,
self-preservation
the
The conspicuous
into
elevate
discourse;
a technical
enormous
to
to
The question
philosophers.
critical
of
'drive
concept
admonition
can be elaborated
in the Dialectic
teleological
superfluous
entire
this
addresses
no less
the
where
of
C631, WM/WP no. 650, t. in. )
belongs. " (KSA 12,2
Although
Beware
-
then
according
to
I
a maggot
assume of
of
mere mechanism
when its
itself
derive
from
purposes,
the
selfsame
t he self
is
(of
the
new formation
are
matter,
same product.
-160-
be regarded
it
matter
elements
to
that
set
free
that
as a
it
I
by putrefaction),
as a causality
that
acts
)
t.
B357,
A353,
m.
U/CTJ
" (Kt
And vice
passage
to mechanical
primarily
which
that
be a question
remains
has
more
is
the
of
is
revelatory
force
in
eruption
exegesis.
What reveals
itself
literally
unspeakable,
fear
of
of
putrescence
processes
immediately
prone.
one brief
example,
fact
Kant
that
288)? And if
towards
dissipation,
the chief
exponent
want to
erect
place?
All
the
that
matter
although
excessive
fear,
this
reference
this
fear
to
an
than
any
such
of
which
of
course
only
late
on in
text,
especially
any
reference
bound
to
is
attempts
by analogy,
are,
why would
Kant
even
Critique
in
and much more safe,
the
first
third
Critique
is
organic$
base
that
Jr. precisely
' prove'
to
tendency
to
any way tolerate
in
matter
unsettling
by the
established
all
organic
be utterly
third
the
the
given
inherent
this
in
A283f, B286-
distinguishes
reason,
critical
be glimpsed
(KtU/CTJ
is
of
most
when he mentions
undergo
what
that
it
to
text
a, quite
to
matter
cannot
physis
is
decaying
the
about
careful
fashion
and disintegration,
decisively
course
of
this
sepulchre
of
makes
are
an integrated
it
Kant
amount
stunning
is
the much more comprehensible,
But whilst
time'6,
most of
that
idealism
to
the
for
a tendency
productions
being according
the
decisively
finally
what
into
most
baroque
transcendental
eruption
sudden
objects
of
is
the
that
of
does not
points
fact
types
other
it
technical
organisms
the
by reference
Here
point.
is
nature
beings
processes
for
of
organic
would
avoids
was not
it
decay
comparatively
studiously
from all
that
Why else
developmental
the other
here
product
be explained
the
not
well-concealed
which
physiological
this
once
can no longer
Much more fascinating
the antinomy.
fear
it
but
-
productions
seem to
continues,
purpose,
as a natural
regarded
a dark
the
versa,
entirely
subsumable
the
under
productions
of
a rational
direction
of
a profound
techne.
extravagant
can be probed
a structural
example
points
and exposed
feature
which
-161-
in
the
even more successfully
runs
throughout
the
third
by
Critique,
when Kant
instance
for
as
chaotisches
Aggregat")
disturbing
boundless
forms'
natural
and,
this
-
by the conceptuality
tends
to
of
the
in
entirely
dialectical
ideas,
this
what
Critique.
another
context
dissimilar
tendency
to
in
occurs
and conquered
than
Kant's
to
three
to
account
unity,
strive
for
V of
the
the
determinative
of
judgement
under
the
of
their
respective
capacities.
To begin
with,
harking
to
first
the determining
"...
faculty
die
transzendentale
als
die
tun,
a priori
"...
transcendental
the
further
given
to
a priori
This is
manifold
entire
to
of
in concert
of
namely
the
Kant
refers
to
reflective
unificatory
he says
Critique,
to
to
hat
of
unter
faculty
judgement
zu
weiter
nichts
dem vorgelegten
of
for
condition
understanding...
with
the
the
the
Verstandes-
and the
" (KU/Cl
under
of
of
the
A XXX, B XXXII, t. m. )
that
matter
faculty
has nothing
subsumption
heterogeneity
pre-conceptual
understanding
can be activated
manageble units
the
of
when faced
intuition,
Introduction
"
the
state
concept
say that
machinery
Subsumtion
der
[determining]
to
its
and the
Urteilskraft...
[bestimmende]
anzugeben...
do than
the
in
judgement:
of
Bedingung
begriff
back
he
critically,
second
he compares
aspect
which
towards
where
faculty
one,
The most glaring
it.
of
first
chapter
towards
Critique,
the third
of
own stance
section
empirischer
be controlled
to
reason's
of
the
tendency
rather
and heterogeneity
KU/CJ sec. IV of
(section
an irrational
rohes
'that
of
Ungleichartigkeit
needs
third
according
laws
empirical
Naturformen",
dogmatically,
presuppose
of
clearly
displays
a manner not
example
of
("ein
aggregate'
when he speaks
grenzenlose
der
is
seen
Kant
above) that
t ät
raw chaotic
more so,
besorgliche
Gesetze und Het erogenei
We have already
even
a'
heterogeneity
<"jene
Introduction)
mentions
is
the
perception,
judgement
the
working
this
heterogeneity
into
the
as determining
judgements.
As far
as unity
organise
-162-
course
the
transcendental
of
the
object
in
keeping
at
bay the
it
is
of
which guarantees
the
unity
ie concerned,
experience
in general,
materiality
of
the
A comparable
thus
pre-conceptual
as in
products
productions.
This
is
how Kant
müssen
in
der
as well
apperception
and hence
general
that
of
heterogeneous
excessive,
the
empirical
empirical
laws,
the
and proposes
as concerns
individual
of
manifold.
arises
problem
unity
the
states
problem
diversity,
of
in
the
natural
to
overcome
it:
"...
[wir]
Natur,
Möglichkeit
in
Gesetze,
eine
denken,
die
für
unsere
Einsicht
erkannt
werden
können);
und
Natureinheit
empirischen
Systems
Erfahrung
(als
aber
doch
solche
werden
eine
muß,
die
[reflektierende]
Prinzip
In den besonderen
nicht
ihres
Einheit
der
Weil
zufällig.
vorausgesetzt
und
angenommen
Zusammenhang
empirischer
finden
Statt
Erfahrung
ihren
für
die
menschliche
Naturgesetzen
dennoch
denkbare,
eigenen
Zufällige
für
eine,
zwar
uns
Einheit,
der
in
Erfahrung,
möglichen
an sich
es als
Einsicht
gesetzliche
zu einer
so muß
würde...:
Gebrauch
für
das
Mannigfaltigen
Möglichkeit
als
notwendig
der
die
die
wir
Gestzen),
empirischen
doch
aber
we must think
in
of
contingent
for
our
we judge
the
regard
possibility
of
contingent.
But
assumed, since
cognition
unfathomable
the
(cannot
such
whole
faculty
according
a unity
nonetheless
a priori);
in
and
this
to
laws,
and the
empirical
(as a system
be pressupposed
has to
necessarily
laws)
empirical
of
experience
take
place...:
the
assume for
its
own use the
of
(empirical)
laws
yet
be cognised
are
connection
what
us,
which
the
laws,
no thoroughgoing
that
for
empirical
laws
experience
judgement
of
merely
empirical
nature
of
of
unity
since
the
principle
particular
insight
otherwise
into
[reflective]
manifold
unity
its
as regards
nature,
infinitely
possibility
priori
und
nicht
"
enthalte.
"...
Gesetzen,
(empirischen)
zu ergründende,
Verbindung
beurteilen
daß
annehmen,
(a priori
Ansehung
durchgängiger
Gesetze
empirischer
deren
Urteilskraft
a priori
empirischen
sind
in
Ganzen
zu einem
bloß
zufällig
nach
kein
ihrer
mannigfaltiger
dennoch
Einheit
da sonst
Erkenntnisse
unendlich
nach
der
Ansehung
is
of
could
has to
for
contingent
lawful
contains
-163-
unity
in
the
and
empirical
human insight
nevertheless
nature
thinkable,
of
a
in
the
a,
although
combination
as
of
its
into
manifold
Thus on the
the problem
of
the
manifold
search
for
the
posited
of
the
experience
itself
gives
First
Introduction),
a priori
principles,
of
judgement
heautonomously
the
empirical
stands
of
very
die
to
be able
order
whole
falls
nature.
to
Vereinbarkeit
unter
of
experience
too.
in
say,
of
a
on
the
experience,
of
the
empirical
this
of
nature
einem
...
befassenden
sie...
mindesten
daß,
bei
Gesetze
ihrer
besonderen
Gesetze
unmöglich
machte. "
der
several
a principle
pleasure,
dislike
in
the
that
often
comprises...
even
a representation
slightest
of
investigation.
-164-
die
auf
eine
Vereinigung
ihrer
Verstand
unseren
empirical
laws
of
them [is]
the
ground
of a
By contrast,
we
admiration...
of
man uns
welche
wir
uns
für
empirischen
heterogeneous
Grund einer
Dagegen würde
durch
welche
würden,
allgemeinen
unter
that...
stoßen
der
[ist)
Prinzip
Bewunderung...
einer
heterogenen
empirischen
mehrerer
Nachforschung...
that,
cognitive
prejudicial
mißfallen,
in advance
our
a unity
assuming
durchaus
would thoroughly
whilst
a unified
of
Natur
very considerable
But
of
der
under
the
unity
eine Vorstellung
be unified
of
VIII
find
oft
to discover
to
concept
sogar
"...
is
the
Lust,
Heterogeneität
which
when he writes:
entdeckte
sagte,
Critique
third
in
sehr merklichen
voraus
the
assumed
possibility
vent
in
the
guarantees
sec.
the
gives
which
of
a critique
the
first
posits,
of
to
cases
Where the
project
for
both
to.
nature,
grounds
and in
reduced
so
is
nature
this
of
with
Kant
clearly
Naturgesetze
that
of
which
paragraph
unity
principles
the
and
penultimate
lawful
seem to be no ultimate
constitution
"...
the
in
the level
apperception
laws
unity
as that
its
the
former,
more simply,
in
nature
case of the
or,
itself
a priori
of
of
thinking
(KUICJ A XXXI,
empirical
repeats
an underlying
purposiveness
of
manifold'
intuition
of
(cf. KU/CJ,
to
there
"
experience.
unity
faculty
the reflective
faculties
'infinitely
can be referred
heterogeneity
unity
level
of
the
sparks
Critique
possible
t. m. my omissions)
,
B XXXIII,
it
an intrinsically
nature
by which
would
we
..
nature
one told
meet a
can
us
heterogeneity
its
of
laws
which
impossible
the
empirical
ones. " (KU/CJ
A XXXVIIIf,
Put like
this
seem that
constitution
of
by another,
although
here
it
would
perhaps
openly
even to some extent
is
view of nature
of
personal,
the
prejudice
nature,
the
empirical,
heterogeneous,
as cast
off
from
",..
tief
wie wir
in
das
Gesichtskreises
an,
"...
overlooked:
the field
when it
this
glauben'
evaluating
vision
Kantian
a matter
and that'
Kant
Kant expresses
this
of
product
"ein
with
'a
teleologisches
it
need
should
Urteil
and
that
surround
be supplanted
this
more veracious
After
it
this
manifold
materiality
important
perhaps
text,
hardly
effect
one
or accurate
seems to
is
to render
of
production,
transcendental
of
Dinge
Welt
philosophy.
to
stecken
"
enters
into
things
(...
idealism
uns die
Wahrheit
handelt
and in
namely
-165-
muß
limitedness
-
does truth
then
-'
of
us
concern
one has to believe
1751 , M. t. )
for
a nature
convenient
seemingly
more technical
compares
according
den Begriff
vergleicht
-
'man
has up to now been
what
evaluations
judgement
be',
des
world
a self-created
construct
level
Beschränktheit
-
C... was geht
Kant).
übersehen:
bisher
ist
geht,
Wertschätzungen
). " (KSA 11,26
thought
teleological
what
historical,
the
die
highest
our
animal on a more localised
he says that
the
meinte
in
stuck
of
What is
Idealismus
how we are
of
is
all
view.
indulged;
höchsten
um unsere
und jenes
easily
- not
anchor
in
des Kantischen
how deeply
given
selbstgeschaffenen
wenn es sich
dann dies
safe
Wertschätzen
einer
could
by Kant
development:
on this
remarks
wie
hitherto
a particular
prejudicial,
is
particular
Nietzsche
here
more convenient.
which
universal
for
preference
another
matter
under
render
B XLf, t. m. my omissions)
,
that,
to
understanding,
laws
circumstances
preferable
the
our
particular
equally
admits
more desirable,
but simply
its
as expressed
nature
Kant
that
is
unification
for
would,
the
human
terms
of
a natural
a rational
concept
concept
to
the
eines
Naturprodukts
when
nach
dem, was es ist,
Similarly,
X).
sec.
view
this
the
forge
the laws of
fact
the
sensible
be possible,
the
realm
'ought'
be left
jedes
als
'So
und Anmaßung,
menschlichen
"To ascertain
what
than
human critique
and
A need
start.
to
extend
the
very
must be able
to
be extended
to
demands of
for
that
clearly
etwas
scheint
Kant,
heterogeneous)
is
commented
die
is,
how it
is,
every
'thus
it
Bedürfnis
something
ought
to
seems
presumption,
that
is
the
of
arrangement
and strengthen
to keep (organic)
nature's
dissipatory
for the
eventual
overcoming
of
this
the
the
which
-166-
"
of
higher,
to
as
from
ridiculousness
to
that
correspond;
with
transcendental
at
latter,
the
strategies
tendencies
project.
entspricht;
demands
should
world
hold
Welt
unspeakably
be doomed
very
verlangt,
because
be'
therein
itself
welches
daß
der
seems
to
verurteilt
aus,
Einrichtung
menschliche
als
Lächerlichkeit
zur
Höheres,
unsäglich
letzteres,
weil
es sein',
WM/WP no. 333, t. m. )
attempted
extend
is
nature
Wohlbefinden
this
cannot
reverse
'improve'
ein
of
to
laws
the
to
(KSA 12,7
irony
but
(it
nature
impulse
the
The profound
of
(too
human well-being
1 15 ],
side
imperfect
darin
expresses
which
is
ist,
sollte
sich
(ibid)
it
von vornherein
Es drückt
sensible
the
passage:
es
wie
the
of
that
the
over
supersensible
indicates
because
following
the
A XIX, B XI)C)
realm)
Nature's
point
nature.
This
was ist,
more serious
is
deficient.
in
of
on nature
as it
from
be possible
must
(KU/CJ
' immense gulf'
the
realm.
to
erscheint.
the
in
the
it
"Feststellen,
unserm
the
say
but
on by Nietzsche
Kritik
that
to
freedom
morally
Ernsteres
is
Introduction,
a theoretical
influence
supersensible
cannot
and hence
have
to
To impose this
nature
should
a transition
reason
practical
freedom
be bridged
to
from
he says
cannot
a bridge
build
that
admits
two realms
and must
possible
be the
KU/CJ First
soll"
case,
of
which
realm of nature
cannot
fact
in
realm
supersensible
Kant
although
cannot
separates
dem was es sein
mit
bay,
our
"
it
was
idealism,
and
the
germ
which
contain
this
But before
further
radicalised
strands
which
the
third
Critique
first
of
these
touches
which
unites
the
The
be exposed.
of a common ground
transcendental
constitution
side.
And although
other
be read
obviously
concern
the
claims
concerning
express
an obviously
down to
it
that
the
faculties
characteristics
the
in
felt
need to
anthropomorphise
more
it
had the
religiösen
Denken
nicht
gedacht
werden
kann,
einer
moralistischen
im Grund
unsre
Erfahrung
in
jedem
nichts
denken,
in
wiefern
"Apart
from
religious
- whence
'measure'
first
wir
Recht
auf
ein
nicht
Ist,
-
ist
as it
this
of
since
nature
the
of
in
the
about
Sinne
unsrer
Vertrauen
und
das
gegen
-
daß was
ein
non
plus
ultra
plumpes
ein
essentielles
eine
tolle
Behauptung,
and guarantee
of our
senses
trust
in
the
können
gerade
der
gar
what cannot
a moralistic
trustfulness
ground
of
Is. " (KSA 12,2
Kant
builds
The term
already
agreeing
(in
is
an
a mad
We can precisely
WM/WP no. 436, t. m. )
this
phantasm
is
that
of
is
of
course
the
Zweckmäßigkeit
contains
the
or
being
with,
-167-
moment.
every
existence!
itself
in
things),
and
be thought
that
-
[ 931,
which
to
right
at
it
prune
make:
Wir
contradicts
words.
to
it"-,
exceed
widerspricht.
real,
ultra
around
nevertheless
"
ist...
of
any
sei,
an sich
we derive
experience
terms
Dinge),
and not
Wirklichen
(auf
sanction
(Maß) and related
case, the products
Verbürgung
Maß des
truth
of
anything
of
und
ein
should
principle
instance
Sanktion
to
must
they
nature,
utterly
remarks
Augenblicke
non plus
to
gar
es
they
following
der
be a measure
itself,
threatens
Vertrauens-seligkeit
Wahrheits-Prinzip
of
(one of)
of
or nature
nature
Daß das
The register
on the
sense
haben!
not think
nature
the
size
which
empirical
in
Dasein
assumption
with
their
remarks,
-
essential
in
critical
deeply
a crude
cognition
as properly
sollten
is
-
of
Critique
woher
not,
dream
unsustainable
third
einer
That thinking
side
need to
the
actual
the
on the
regard,
from
Vernünftigkeit
rationality
one
this
quotes
Nietzsche
von
directly
faculties
on the
in
several
following
a human
"Abseits
displays
more fully,
the
necessary
which impulse
can be realised
critique
notion
adequate
in
of,
to
this
an a
concept
priori
beyond
well
instance
immediate,
this
the
third
Critique,
Angemessenheit
der
Nature...
is
of
first
course
entirely
commensurate
the
Copernican
should
than
expresses
But
actually
idealism
must escape
empirical
is
brought
es ist
Angemessenheit
ohne
...
out
der
des
our
zu unserem
the
earliest
objects
of
them
and not
with
one of
that
the
knowing
of
this
quality
to
again
This
nature,
the
exposes
of
the
in
Urteilskraft,
irgendwo
Gebrauchs
Felde
aber
of
vis-ä-vis
conceptuality
the
passage:
der
dem Prinzip
zu verfahren,
habe,
weil
wir
zwar
Grenzen
Grenzbestimmung
keine
case,
ambition
Erkenntnisvermögen
unserer
versa
merely
reason
Grenze
seine
be the
its
following
nach
vice
with
Erkenntnisvermögen
unserem
im empirischen
of
our
boundless
existence
' imperialism'
clearly
ob es
of
to
all
zu
faculty
our
we must assume this
colonise
rationalen
können,
as for
that
and
unserer
Natur
means
thinking
quite
to
nature...
namely
say
reason.
auszumachen,
...
in Ansehung
bestimmen
to
Geheiß
ein
to
wishful
- nothing
register
Introduction).
attributing
a certain
transcendental
to
even
of
turn,
correspond
(KrV/CPR B XVI).
this
"
sec. II,
or
(KU/CJ
cognition
"...
of
adequacy
of
ist.
expands
the
definitions
"...
term
Kant
oder
judgement. "
rather
central
But
Zweckmäßigkeit
purposiveness
..
This
judgement.
purposiveness":
Vermögen der Urteilskraft.
"
of
when he defines
die
",.,
faculty
the
of
möglich
"
it
is
a behest
the principle
of
of
our
nature's
deciding
it
has
whether
...
determine limits
as regards
cognition,
no delimitation
(KU/CJ A XXXIXf,
B XLIf,
faculty
of
adequacy
to
the
is
judgement
limits
its
our
t. m. , my omissions)
-168-
cognition,
without
...
since
although
we can
employment
in
the
according
to
of
faculty
anywhere,
rational
possible
to proceed
field
of
our
of
the
faculties
of
empirical.
"
instances
of
faculties
and nature
together
Kant
where
speaks
faculty
judgement'
Further
of
of
concept
der
Beobachtung.
den sich
Natur
nur,
unseres
Verstandes
in
our
angemessene
where
Kant
ihre
allgemeinen
Verstande...
der
lernt
vor,
noch
daß
man..,
so weit
nur
to
adequate
this
explains
man eines
ihren
Erfahrung
d. i.
jenem
findet,
fortkommen
zur
durch
Prinzip
Gesetzen
empirischen
Statt
ihr
von
nach
nach
man dadurch
so schreibt
durchaus
jenes
als
Gesetze
Erkenntnisvermögen,
unser
Maximen
gründenden
wir,
human
Introduction,
Urteilskraft
unserer
für
Gesetz
weil
first
nature,
spezifiziert
ein
müsse,
of
the
the
further:
dem menschlichen
darauf
sec. V of
binding
a measure
Introduction,
mit
man
will
.
in
gewisse
Zweckmäßigkeit
Natur
find
parsimony
second
die
sagt:
Angemessenheit
certain
the
to
occur
adequacy
der
dem Prinzip
desire
C"eine
nature's
"Wenn man also
weder
'a
of
and in
Sparsamkeit")
this
und
nachspüren
dem Gebrauch
mit
und Erkenntnis
erwerben
können. "
"When we say
that
principle
of
purposiveness
adequacy
with
the
human
understanding...
law to
nature,
nor
does
one
wants
that
nature
we have
the
to
principle
and
place
do we progress
Whilst
this
critical
projection
project,
precludes
has not already
concerns
production
critical
this
with
as cannot
register
and natural
reworking
its
empirical
based
on it
because
the
use of
our
nature
this
of
view
with
a measure
production,
the
Leibnizian
of
laws
only
in
too
according
in
the
for
the
prescribe
a
is,
only
one
..
to that
takes
as this
far
as
keeping
and
experience
l
a (critically
the
overall
same time
reinscribed)
nature
at
qua material
it
which
production
Especially
as
between
rational
(human)
Critique
comes to
resemble
harmony`,
and as
materiality.
third
with
the
strongly,
'pre-stabilised
-169-
thereby
not
to
B XXXVII, t. m. , my omissions)
mediating
the
that
understanding
nature
that
cognition,
by observation.
it
largely
be emphasised
conquered
of
from
down
is
according
does
one
one
any encounter
implictly
of
" (KU/C3 A XXXVf,
of
that
faculty
our
laws
universal
learn
track
maxims
needs to be realised
utterly
for
knowledge.
can we aquire
its
specifies
a
that
as
surely
divine
a
to
mediator
for,
ground
constitute
Although
and instead
the
that
of a purpose
of
the natural
sciences
teleology,
moves
into
theology.
of
examination
claim
whole
is
of
nature
can
finally
emphasises
that
only,
does
in
objective
science
itself
and
of
where does
teleology
the
does
it
cf.
ground
KtU/CTJ
A359f,
not constitute
attached
does not
then
to
of
unavoidable
of
theology
does
as
world
a distinct
he
tendency
part
as
of
of
for
observation
to
the
shed
light
human mind
-170-
on the
to
principles
to
is,
question
to
(which
examines
remarks
of
seven
the
the
with
experience',
does
' teleology
science
of
part
deals
(KtU/CTJ
is
but
A305,8309)
but
Only
paragraphs.
(according
to
Kant!
)
into
the
cause
of
enquire
in
it
belongs
that
another
cause
it
objects
transition'
But
ultimate
The
('which
natural
can
practical
all
of
of
the
science
theology
which
places
which
case,
natural
speak
B305f).
the
of
business
the
A361, B366).
the
theoretical
or
one must
teleological
to
of)
as a purpose
A301f,
about
or
of
the
products
KtU/CTJ
initially
ic
into
(the
of
teleology
idea
Critique.
(cf.
apply
epitome
Kant
propaedeut
this
begin
the
will
concepts
to
or
experience)
B365, t. m. ).
substantiate
(975)
affinity
happening
this
illicit
is
to
the
with
KtU/CTJ
as
prepares
that
of
if,
too,
sciences
theoretical
the
not
ensure
to
(cf.
therefore
importation
speculate
not
seek
not
and
greater
the
reality
to
sciences,
what can be an object
swamped
sciences
belong,
have
to
get
will
be explained
merely
is
the
third
cause
natural
this
must
the
the
a consideration
other
(philosophical)
original
must
encompasses
the context
not
in
the
the
avoid
'god'
as a whole
critique
to
implies,
It
To see
of
that
nature
natural
our
anxious
the
have no counterpart
former,
Kantian
extremely
'god',
the
that
is
nature
it,
find
Kant
or
of nature
to
stage
natural
although
balance.
next
of
fact
precarious
the
sciences
in
or
this
inexorably
and
requires,
sustain
surprise
come as a great
it
version
earlier
nature
968,
in
KtU/CTJ
as a whole
(first
mentioned
Kant
first
of
implies
that
the
same object
is
nature,
as
found
the
understanding.
'foremost
proof
Here
of nature
all
priori
laws
of
objects
of
nature
cosmos'
("den
KtU/CTJ
A331, B335, t. m, ).
But such
simply
order
to
reason
must
supreme
being
assume
reason
and
cannot
be left
stand
in
abyssal
that
which
relationship
to
human producer
firstly,
the
product
of
thought
to
operate
thirdly,
the
were
of course
only
objectively
in
the
product
of
such
a rational
of
the
a necessity
to
finds
no completion
a theology'
Aufschlusses
für
A331, B335, t.
M. ).
("die
ihre
the
human
Teleologie
the
).
Nachforschungen,
-171-
is
this
must
cosmos,
This
is
leads
to
its
technique
be thought
necessity
to
the
were
the
called
Kant
in
it
as productivity,
cognition
als
Critique:
as if
of
[findet)
ordered
third
the
a
with
analogy
faculty
solution
objects
who produces
this
nature,
-
secondly,
must,
cosmos)
hierarchically
being.
cosmos
of
a
be viewed
the
In
arbitrariness.
upon
fact,
cause,
is
dependent
throughout
a whole,
as
world
as Kant
is
on three
must
the
militates
human
producer
a rational
such
attributable
'teleology
than
like
Weltganzen",
of
that
(human)
secondly,
causality;
des
these
proposes
cit.
In
a
Kant
(the
nature
of
object
a rational
of nature;
it
individual
contingency
far
product
integrated
progressively
the
seeming
(loc.
be assumed
must
its
it
causes).
the
together,
obviously
(as
cosmos
a rational
(rational
for
the
its
with
with
intentions
are
from
apart
Taken
cosmos
affairs,
of
contingent
as
exists
according
which
state
as a purpose
as concerns
Zufälligkeit
sufficient
to
an object
contingent
of
by analogy
levels
die
conceive
empirical
be thought
rational
für
to
contingent
this
remedy
Such a being's
If
Beweis
vornehmsten
principle
concerned)
in
the
constitute
a completely
the
against
us that
reminds
A302, B306).
finally
-
of
which
as
is
and not
state
investigations
that
other
keine
Vollendung
des
einer
Theologie",
KtU/CTS
to
Needless
concerning
the
of
mere exigency
is
at
to
identify
thought)
this
introduces
Kant
say,
(especially
pains
this
human faculties,
reality.
also
schlechterdings
4 completion'
575,
is
how he formulates
ein
nur
where he
teleology
of
as a dogmatic
and not
This
objective
throughout
as a
claim
this
important
distinction:
"Es bleibt
der
nämlich
beruhender
Urteilskraft,
Menschen,
die
nur
Naturdinge
ein
machen,
Produkt
"Hence
it
a proposition
which
those
of
comprehend
only
intelligent
it
cause
of
would
the
limited
which
has
and
(of
culminate
in
a hugely
important
the relationship
'qualification'
must
of
the
true
reveals
between
'the
some sense
world's
if
is
it
dependency
-172-
als
"
adequate
as
but
now,
for
We cannot
think
or
in
the
other
product
us
cognition
of
way other
than
of
an
t. M. )
this
insofar
with
critical
and origin
as it
stance
vis-ä-vis
(so much so that
the
entire
project
reformulation
in,
must
constitutes
obviously
dogmatic
and theology
upon,
uns
was expressed
a god;
any
Whilst
whether
Welt
judgement
of
of
the
denken
on subjective
teleology,
a typically
die
anders
vorstellen.
as the
be identified
be asked
nicht
Gottes)
A333, B336f,
uns
Möglichkeit
die
in
general
science
uns
überhaupt
There
things,
itself.
können
be presupposed
meaning
of
natural
finally
to
(KtU/CTJ
qualification
can in
it
world
a god)"
a theology,
in
gar
formulation:
many natural
the
seem that
would
the thought
valid,
be:
für
inneren
faculty
reflective
aber,
nun
entirely
rests
proposition,
permits
possibility
(eines
which
cognition,
purposiveness,
by representing
the
of
und
objektiv-dogmatisch
Wir
muß,
sie
remains
human beings,
critique),
wir
Ursache
faculties
Here it
indem
als
der
werden
reflektierenden
Gott;
Erkenntnis
verständigen
namely
inner
erlaubt:
gelegt
als
objectively-dogmatically
the
Formel
einer
conditions,
to our
ein
unserer
zum Grunde
und begreiflich
Es ist
würde:
selbst
man ihn
wenn
Bedingungen,
subjektiven
angemessenen
der,
eingeschränkte
die
Zweckmäßigkeit,
Satz,
heißen
ausdrückte,
geltend
vieler
Erkenntnisvermögen
unseren
auf
an intelligent
this
of
of
being which
less nihilistic
than
That this
projection
A331, B335)
dogmatic
Christian
predecessors'e
the
needs
an
(if
only
as
rational
the
Faculty
of
of
conception
nature
is
(in
this
of
purpose of
'god',
it
denigrates
dark terror
which
the
uncontrollable
should
out
what
is,
be over
'desirability'
"Die
jedes
des
"Very
few
clarify
every
'thus
it
entire
nature
gesamten
Dinge.
what
the
of
things.
expresses
the
matter
provoke
in
is
not'...
" (KSA
12,7
of
what
Wünschbarkeit,
in
sich
standpoint
of
comprises:
a condemnation
nicht'...
der
ought
only
der
real:
Gangs
if
comprehensible
domination
this
a
Standpunkt
the
be but
- underwrites
of
to
case
he renames
over
aber
this
(which
the
themselves
-
in
ideal
of
only
itself
as an intentional
domination
ist
not
outside
means,
of
fails
so fundamentally
and consequently
was der
is
become
implication
in,
never
world
ground
transmutations
klar,
any
only
can
es sein,
to
is
rational)
es
to
course
it
and that
chief
machen sich
sollte
Verurteilung
the
the
that
nature
of,
(Wünschbarkeit))
Wenigsten
'so
the
but
this
Judgement
an act
points
that
Teleological
due to
Nietzsche
is
When critique
this
whereby
Nietzsche
it
case
ultimately
and originating
conception).
exist
it.
in
is
upon,
nihilistic,
implicit
to
thought
utterly
self-sustaining,
it
the Critique
as dependent
world
is
what
that
it
sustain
(KtU/CTJ
being
or
not self-sufficient
it,
of
because
us,
deficient
its
supreme
an extramundane
to remind
from
apart
exists
eine
schließt:
"
[621,
desirability,
of
WM/WP no. 331, t. m. , my
omissions)
And the notion
excessiveness)
only concerned
of
which
with
science
(as the
issues
from
containment
enhancement and expenditure.
domination
this
is
Nietzsche
-173-
deeply
certainly
and preservation
defines
of
nature's
nihilistic
and
and suppression
rather
such
than
a reactive
with
science
as.
"Wiegenschaft
Umwandlung
-
Beherrschung
der
Natur...
der
domination
of
That the
critique
of
reason
the
the Dialectic
of
the
to show that
the
ideas,
like
a deduction-(.
In
this
deduction
show that
ideas
the
earlier
intuition,
but
can never
be applied
only
to
serve
by
first
have
into
understanding)
the psychological,
Paralogisms,
the last
it
the
which
"...
ob der
Inbegriff
als
einen
einzigen
nämlich
eine
Vernunft,
Vernunft
selbst
in
seiner
s single
the
relation
greatest
archetype
as it
to which
extension
of
earlier,
can be the
the
of
all
ideas
validity,
material
given
Urbilde
of
wir
welche
all
ground
as if
reason...
all
the
empirical
objects
"(KrV/CPR
als
is
ihrem
the
undoubtedly
it
of
says
that
Umfange habe,
Gebrauch
of
"
itself)
world
its
unserer
Gegenstände
ob die
wären...
sensible
circumference,
reason,
in
our reason
in
its
had sprung
from
that
creative
use of
in
und schöpferische
A672, B700, t. m. )
-174-
reason,
selbst)
outside
themselves
of
Sinnenwelt
empirischen
original,
can
manner:
entsprungen
appearances
independent,
we direct
(die
(the
but
following
the
so richten,
Vernunft
and all-sufficient
were,
allen
Erweiterung
aller
Kant
ursprüngliche
selbständige,
So they
ideas
it
Grund außer
und allgenugsamen
through
the
(of
capacity;
to
be
(discussed
respectively),
aller
directly
three
Ideal,
Erscheinungen
auf
the
theological
experience
can only
of
seeks
understanding)
and the
possible
objects
they
objects
in
compelled
Kant
understanding.
Of
end of
reason
the
concerning
integrative
feels
not
by the
unity.
very
them,
of)
formed
(as
pure
although
judgements
größten
epitome
supreme
namely an,
categories
and the
Beziehung
aus jenem
as if
the
systematic
gleichsam
in
Kant
of
the
of
was already
Appendix,
objects
obersten
ideas
its
objective
all
nihilistic
in
greatest
view
such
Critique,
Antinomies
us to
purpose
At the
cosmological
induces
the
Critique.
greater
has the
for
in
propositions
the
concepts
first
(constitutive
integrate
into
the
upon the
to
zum Zweck der
of
reading
employed regulatively
Begriffe
11703, WM/WP no. 610) I9.
results
in
apparent
nature
" (KSA 11,26
nature...
of
in
"
transformation
-
"Science
Natur
had
In this
the
regard
transcendental
principle
the
of
faculty
in
the
third
purposiveness
of
nature
is
assumed,
and the
(as discussed
in
the
first
Critique)
have much in
common. Both
upon
material
furnished
the
is
(as it
presented
employed
regulatively
have the
function
with
a supersensible
the
Platonic
etc.
secondary
when it
It
is obvious
to
any attempt
nature
it
is
of
a
third
the
ideas
of
by
this
world
as fallen,
firmly
in
place,
albeit
that
any attempt
extricate
this
free
a system
of
this
marasmic
of
a unified
an alternative
the
under
provision
the
of
it.
of
nature,
from
pale
ideal
Nature
cannot
come into
its
productions
afforded
in
the
following
Gesamtbetrachtung
der
Welt
of
nature.
ideal
forces
which
the
clearly
and to de-moralise
this
of
dependent,
any knowledge
god,
critical
such
demonstrate
deficient,
de-humanise
to
systematic
both
schema of
systematise
both
understanding;
unity
importantly,
be
can only
the
and most
to
reason
investigations
guarantees
attempted
of
or scientific
which
the straitjacket
A glimpse
which
substrate
must obliterate
own until
into
is
to
philosophical
remains
as if,
according
providing
lastly,
manifold;
empirical
that
of
Critique),
judgement
of
of
reason
its
system.
is
perspective
passage:
"Tiefe
alle
Abneigung,
in
Zauber
mal auszuruhn;
Anreiz
des änigmatischen
"Profound
aversion
of the world;
deprived
irgend
der
attraction
of
nicht
for
once and
reposing
the
of
Denkweise;
entgegengesetzten
Charakters
enchantment
the
of
to
einer
opposing
the
enigmatic
nehmen lassen.
in
all
way of
ein
für
sich
den
"
view
any one overall
thinking;
character.
to be
not
"
(KSA 12,2
(1551,
that
we will
have to
W1'ß/WP
no. 470, t. m. )
It
is in
look for
different
the
Nietzschean
a way of
from
thinking
thought
nature
and unsubsumable
of
the
will
as utterly
under
to
power
heterogeneous,
any rationalistic
it,
-175-
as entirely
project
to suppress
In the
previous
chapter
we asked
causality,
in
Kantian
formulation,
could
thinking
of
And there,
its
post-metaphysical
of
the
overcome
dogmatic,
and its
nature
ideals
and not
yet
in
to enquire
whether
and the
of teleology,
the
third
the
empirical
thinks
naturally
productive
organisms
And precisely
their
is
what
most
hope
for
putrefaction,
their
material
it
in
a prejudicial
deal
organic
it
under
or
a less
clear,
since
with
an idealist
their
organic
rapid
dissipation,
idealist
name
emaciated
Kant
structure.
namely
nature,
their
and
excessiveness
or
the
rational
under
made equal
necessary
(qua
with
become
less
the
became
nature
productive,
has
or
by
be represented
cannot
to
of
more
and
implicated
by analogy
towards
repressed
of
is
perpetuates
of
more
being
conception
of the
chapter
assimilated
to
to
concept
reason,
present
characteristic
(resistance
seeks
nature.
processes
still
Christian,
a truly
a priori
as much as Kant
merely
develops
as I
for
the
as concerns
of
tendency
unassimilability
model
as idea
intrinsic
capacity
the
constitution
But,
are
provide
as pure
a richer,
nature.
mechanical
whether
the
Kant
provide
of
ultimately
of
of
notion
that,
and thus
part
thinking
productions,
or
conceptuality
could
say
thinking
means for
of
to
principle
critical
Similarly,
is
preservation
of
fully
became apparent
causality,
as its
reactive
nature.
which
science,
understanding,
matter)
it
nature,
constitution
the
whether
homogeneous),
is
still
conceptuality
at
Kant 's
disposal.
Since
both
satisfactory
deeply
the
first
solutions
imbued with
ask whether
important
of matter
to
the
quest
and difficult
rehearses
sense
own terms,
for
a thinking
a thought
of
it
as mentioned
-176-
nature
any
which
is
not
now becomes necessary
in
an
whilst
to
the
characteristics
whether
his
thinking
which,
above;
provide
still
approximates
critical,
to
failed
Critique
tendencies,
anti-materialist
Nietzsche
on its
and the
third
to
these
reproduces
whether,
imposition
in
organic
short,
of
but
the
it
'self'
must
logos
processes
Nietzsche's
is
(qua rationality)
re-enactment
of
physis
in
any more successfully
than
does Kant' s;
a truly
thinking
- not
physiological
on physis,
logos,
-destruct.
-177-
in
as is
a thought
the
the
case with
Kant,
which
celebrates
that
THE TIME
OF PHYSIOLOGY
Welt',
'wahre
konzipiert
hat, wie immer auch man sie bisher
Welt
sie war immer die scheinbare
noch einmal. "
however
"The 'real
it, world',
one has hitherto
conceived
been the apparent
it has always
world
once more. " (KSA 13,11 1501,
WM/WP no. 566, t. in. )
"Die
I. The Repetition
this
So far
of
number
text
has
implicitly
problems
and
although
it
questions,
this
final
should
chapter
raised
it
is
attempt
to
answer
any
to
them
to
edge
take
previous
three
chapters
the
was examined
by
focusing
on the
relevant
texts,
from
chapter
will
background
it
specifically,
physiology
and its
(our
earlier
needs
the
moments
Kantian
overcoming
of
Nietzschean
physiology.
Kant's
significance
assumptions
to say that
Judgements
itself,
that
which
which
reason
remain
Kant
of
namely
reason,
the
the
values
undergoes
is
intensification,
seeks
to
conditions
which
of
reason.
structure
-179-
completed
and
on the
putting
of
conditions
possibility
to
'invention'
by reason
in
self-
on a number of
way of
the
it
is
But the
predicated
examine
More
philosophical
of reason
critique
Another
unquestioned.
the
completion
rests
are
current
be seen to be central
undoubtedly
still
there
which
philosophy.
critical
which
of
- and
against
albeit
critique
domain
will
critical
the
Kantian
say on the
to
legitimate
the
although
is
(of
what
therefore
Hence
and Nietzsche
Kant's
Nietzsche's
The
will
from
procedure,
Kant's
as a philosopher
to establish
examination
at
overcome.
critique
of immanent critique,
order
moment
that
but
a
answer
raises.
Kant
sense
in
be shown
between
writings,
of)
readings
to
constitutes
reactive
to
contrast
to
thinkability
of
perspective
on Nietzsche's
concentrate
of
In
one).
it
questions
sections
and posed
philosophy
problems
the
relation
Nietzschean
a strongly
questions
of
not
them,
more than
task
the
about
the
obviously
of
explicit
beyond.
albeit
the
not
hopefully
In
a number
be very
will
intensify
to
attempt
Critique
of
of
this
(cf. ch. 2, II,
this
would
possibility
examination
above),
remain
be
of
Kantian
outside
the
in order
to demonstrate
of
scope
and he does so,
there
Although
radicalisation
isolated
which
demonstrate
forcing
yet
it
of
the
primacy
the
following
discussed
each
first
critique
of
following
terms.
It
first
the
first
psychology,
of
utilises
is
knowledge of
pre-critical
are
of
by a will
to
reason
unfounded
the
possible.
dogmatic
and beyond
the
In
Platonism.
to
critique
in
investment
critique
will
be
in
inherent
Kant'
s
can
in
knowledge,
(to
claims
of
the
in
be described
In
the
on dogmatic
assumptions.
assumptions
named
as those
of
believes
itself
even
of
which
though
it
is
disciplines
their
-180-
without
of
Kant,
the
claims
exhaust
the
field
of
critique
claims
its
method
the
doctrine
a
an understanding
to
According
that
are
each
for
ground
The philosophical
demonstrating
critique
firstly,
are,
reason's
critique
of
knowledge
prepares
of
The three
secondly,
truth
theology,
and
be
can
explored.
legitimacy
Critique
movement
critique
Kantian
reason
thinking.
moments
respects.
thirdly,
to
method
the
the
Kantian
will
these
three
all
the
encompass
physiological
central
truth;
of
to
a physiological
Kantian
and,
bind
based
principle
philosophy.
by first
of
Kantian
cosmology
these
critique
the
Nietzsche's
important
some
Critique)
which
in
in
which
substantive
faculties
the field
Nietzsche
of
questions
the
in possession
itself
three
point,
the
reason,
of
knowledge
critique,
common ground
the
of the
of
their
As concerns
rational
to
constraints
and
Dialectic
facets
these
turn
of
many
of
in
the case
of
of
all
present
basis
fabrications
of
for
on the
latter
being,
is
critique
mutate
Nietzsche's
anthropocentric
the
to
develops
limitations
movement of
that
of
aspects
the saturation
the
Nietzsche
which
and more pertinent
a great
are
as the
central
intrinsic
crucially,
thinking
while
inevitable,
intensifies
Nietzsche
itself
The method
But more specifically,
genealogy.
project,
such
critique.
legitimate
of
scope,
how
to
of
pure
establishes
predecessors
that
they
are,
in
in short,
transcendent.
As such,
stabilising
force
as
regards
an assumed
transcendent
'I',
claims
the
it
with
Christian,
of
(although
this
in
of
course
not
'god'
most
de-
effective
It
metaphysics.
de-grades
as much as such
a world
or
such
metaphysics
shown
to
be unfounded
are
as guarantor
of
knowledge
of
faith
in
other
aspects
moment
at
respect,
critique
marks
the
to
theology.
With
critique,
deference
the
Platonic-Christian
dogmatic
belief
is
critique
which
is
a 'god'.
and
dispelled
divine
In
providence).
philosophy
philosophy
The
its
overcomes
abandons
god
so it
or
-
seems.
Kant
had discovered
the
movement
of
question
assumptions
and
the
claims
to
critique
of
is
not
without
pre-critical
value
magnificent
First
remains
unquestioned
edifice
is
stands
assumptions.
truth
of
never
appearances,
Kant
in
are
earlier
philosophies
the
first
entire
possibility
itself
force
whatever
the
arguments
Kant forces
authority
of
outside
remains
old
to found
itself,
the
to
a critique
case
the
of
legitimacy
which
they
equally
dogmatic,
first
these
of
Critique,
their
object
on which
it
to
what
of
knowledge,
This
simply
judgements,
the
production
the
the
first
scope
of
whilst
of
production
the
fact
that
be assumed
the
into
And yet
on the
must
the
from
his
means
of
e. g.
as
conditions
ultimately
rests
claims,
But
as given.
investigation.
critique
Kant
distinguishes
the
and
Critique
the
ground
knowledge,
of
that
the
that
scope
say
whole
into
this
fact
to
the
objects
as such.
produced
the
is
his
In
(contrary
the
But
cloak.
that
is
to
possible
system.
critical
an investigation
of
such
it
his
that
took
is
outside
the
is
which
production
remnant of the
claims
each
judgements
of
in
is
which
with
foremost
and
demonstrates
critique
remains
of
which
subjected
KrV/CPR AXXI').
modes of
itself
reason
thought
to
entire
be a
dogmatism.
god of
Christian
any system
from
which
of
dogmatism
knowledge.
the
entire
-181-
But
field
to abdicate,
to
its
relinquish
the
commanding
position
of
knowledge
is
of
organised,
fall
fact
does not
in
critique.
For
of truth
is
vacant,
long
as
the
as
is
nor
it
finally
to
adherence
the
absolute,
on,
albeit
maintained,
the
old
guise.
For
from
the
movement
what is
the
meaning
'god'
in
the
realm
dogmatic
doctrine
suppress
the
realisation
(the
objects
within
of
is
knowledge.
of)
unannounced
assumption
philosophy
itself.
of
the production
long
as a will
role
of
to
scope to
within
"Es ist
immer
Wissenschaft
objects)
noch
ruht,
Glaube
göttlich
ist...
still
de-stabilising
hand,
continues
implicit
ein
auch
-
wir
nehmen
alter
Glaube
Platos
war,
daß Gott
belief,
of
today,
too,
we godless
too
take
fire
from
that
blaze
old
belief,
that
belief
of
Christians,
truth,
that
that
V. 344,
also
is
god
KSA 5,
But the perspective
question
the
dogmatic
opened up by the
because
as
suppressed
it
fulfils
the
but
widens
its
the
central
production,
of
critique2.
philosophy
is
which
one
of
when he writes:
auf
dem unser
Heute,
Glaube
jenem
und
Brande,
noch
von
hat,
jener
Christen-Glaube,
Wahrheit
an die
Gottlosen
wir
Feuer
on which
- we knowers
Plato,
is
by the
played
den
der
ist,
daß die
Wahrheit
our
belief
in
"
a metaphysical
our
case
von
die
is
this
instance
entzündet
of
in
force
unser
producedness
any
producedness,
Erkennenden
wir
in
critical
Glaube,
metaphysischer
function
Kant's
this
for
be asked
within
truth
as,
the
value
conspicuous
must
Its
of
role
critical
to
will
itself
auch
auch der
is
the
critique
Jahrtausende
"It
organises
sweep
analogous
knowledge
of
centrally
resists
Antimetaphysiker,
ein
the
the
a less
it
of
the
of
in
knowledge.
of
truth
of
(of
this
dogmatisms
value
in
unquestioned
itself
critique
an exactly
a realisation
other
include
the
of
Again,
it
on the
But
of
truth
a given,
Nietzsche,
to
lives
god
abolished
the
from
which
which
the
24,
GdM/GoM III,
it
ones
rests
and
which
was also
truth
is
for
becomes possible
Kantian
the
to
It
will
divine...
-182-
the
belief
" (KSA 3,
we
year
of
FW/GS
t. m. )
within
of
ci ans,
by a thousand
was started
implications
thought
ant i met aphysi
science,
power.
Nietzsche
that
to
critique
is
is
by understanding
only
which
is
the will
is
truth
to truth
as a type
of
finally
undermined
and,
Because
is affirmed.
and the
truth
of the
production
offers
the
life,
of
"...
is
the
truth
that
following
that
des asketische
degenerierenden
des
asketische
Ideal
"
the
. ..
of a degenerating
and fatigue
remained
intact
such
a means...
This
is
is posited
starting
in
remembered that
to more, the
first
organic
and foremost
process:
Prozess....,
der
problem
of
a truth
this
notion
of
solches
tiefsten,
intakt
neuen
Mitteln...
ankämpfen.
instincts
of
life
new means...
with
to
imperative
of
here
in
life
in
is
degeneration,
growing'
wachsend'
The
ascetic
ideal
form
of
a truth
that
with
itself.
The
is
( "Wille
191,
the
will
to power
is
if
present
already
For
must be
it
But
life.
expand:
KSA 12,7
-183-
inhibition
have
conflict
somehow impeded.
grow
and healing
which
the
a degenerating
and to
Das
t. m. )
13,
ideal,
gebliebenen
protection
deepest
a symptom
growth
eines
die
GdM/GoM III,
is
truth:
welche
a partial
to
opposed
physiologische
physiological
is
Nietzsche
partielle
of
a
primacy
und Heilinstinkte
to
ascetic
very
eine
fight
or
the
into
auf
points
the
why the
be channelled
dem Schutz-
from
excerpt
Imperativ
in
instinct
a will
the
this
the
weakening,
will
place.
springs
this
to
first
"
is
ideal,
divine,
the
Mittel...
the
its
in
ein
11(KSA 5,
is
must be asked
would
mit
incessantly
truth
truth
this
deutet
it
to power,
will
suppresses
it
unausgesetzt
as absolute,
point
truth,
to
product
gegen
which
to say that
of
will
its
entspringt
life,
against
the
as the
is
Ideal
ideal
ascetic
transvalued
power
itself
ist
is
of
of production
to
against
Lebens
primacy
will
turns
hin,
the
nature
But
of
Hemmung und Ermüdung
that
of
stasis
interpretation
es
absolute
dissolved.
produces
Lebens,
Instinkte
former
that
which
a life
the
the
idol)
old
as an instance
utterly
the
if
truth
that
power
obversely,
(the
is
status,
to truth
truth
thus
and
production
primary
will
to
will
seen as produced
unproduced
if
to
will
the
will
'will
to
zur
Macht
power
in
the
im organischen
WM/WP no. 644) . At other
to
times
the
("ein
wachsen-wollendes
will
The completely
power
weakens
in
against
its
imminent
particular
It
expenditure
its
assures
and
establishing
already
intrinsic
to
projecting
voluntary
actions
will
doubles
which
extent,
extrinsically
in
of
two takes
zwei
tritt
Besitz
ein,
of the will
to
thus temporarily
Critique
because
particular
realise
point
the
of stability
productive
to
power
has
weakened
to
reproduce
division
mehr
to
truth
halted
is
a humanity
in
it
does
will
in
out.
to
by a will
to
what
transformations.
would
In
the
is
truth
otherwise
this
sense,
-184-
One such
of
modes of
production
short
a full
stops
is
ideal
to
of
and in
say it
does not
is
imposed
which
be a continuous
the
is
Platonism.
of
as produced,
That
reproduction
whose demise
form
the
critique
type
in
angeeigneten
throes
into
been
ausreicht,
655).
on
have
den
the
truth.
which
eines
itself
understand
not
be observed
a protoplasm
of
and a life
Kant's
But
this
which
Protoplasmas
by means of which
method
in
can
possessions
WM/WP no.
will
form
power
itself
Teilung
("Die
the
the
the
master
is
as produced
that
will
'the
1211,
not
are
When the
instance
nicht
by
to
phenomenon
Macht
force
will
this
sufficient'
'own'
is
the
Nietzsche,
power
which
solely
life
to
that
is
particular
of phenomena can be drawn
critique
these
the
KSA 11,36
furnishes
But
has
die
power
realm.
itself,
longer
zu bewdltigen"
its
duplicate
for
by
from
of
to
to
itself,
It
consciousness.
sustain
another
against
loss
has
to
say,
apart
truth.
the
wenn
another
this
protects
preserves
power
the
to
to
life,
no
is
will
it
order
in
still
means that
by erecting
it
existence,
is
it
(that
for
here
unfolds
dissolution
of
to grow'
wills
WM/WP no. 643).
form,
source
it
of
acts
when
is
appropriated
power
organic
place
a life
compensates
According
occurs.
levels
all
to
the
to a certain
weakness
It
11481,
reserve
another
it.
or
into
without
that
something
Nietzsche
which
own continued
inventing
the
KSA 12,2
to
organism
death).
Etwas"
'a
called
logic
will
against
simply
circular
the
as
even
barrier
is
power
Nietzschean
stream
diagnosis
as a
of
of an
ascetic
ideal
repeats
the
to
(a will
truth)
the
of
analysis
heart
transcendent
which,
according
to
Kant,
Nietzschean
critique
can
go
ideal
the
at
and
organises
dogmatic
with
any
opposed to
life.
It
simply
does not
need to
those intrinsic
to
it.
Nietzschean
critique
has strengthened
to
such
a degree
it
that
of
its
from
the
than
other
convalesces
into
but
it
does
operate
not
Nietzschean
of the
aspect
an implication
attempt
to
know
on the
precisely
of
Nietzsche's
them
submits
basis
is
things
on their
phenomenal
and time
but
of
that
to
is
everything
are
power outside
to
power
to
thinks.
posit
a realm
Platonism.
The
It
thought
It
a physiological
ideals.
such
philosophy
chapters
this
the
calls
critique
'basis'
of
is
produced
in
-
of
Kantian
critique
of philosophy
knowledge,
(that
the
mode
is
its
initially
But
of
of
first,
put
the
the
object
is
simply,
of
For
the
this
status
reason
-185-
the
in
of
the
of
alone
object
it
of
for
Kant's
the
previous
would
the
aspects,
and knowledge
carry
by redirecting
possibility
interaction
object
as appearance,
that
space
technical
merely
the
in
point
starting
times
between
relation
conditions
demonstrates
given.
the
the
concentrates
' given'
due to
the
abandons
instead
and
as phenomena,
which
Kant
which
with
as materially
say,
several
towards
as simply
to
has been discussed
re-thinking
Kant
is
turn
dissertation.
The
turn
themselves'
'in
are
as objects,
reformulation
and the
implications.
as
they
radicalisation
Copernican
The Copernican
critical
of
of
the
status
knowable
the faculties).
longer
it
which
critique,
that
does
of
needs
Nietzschean
disease
it
truth,
will
no longer
In
that
reason
pose sources
the
theology.
physiological.
concerns
of it,
that
temporary
question,
critique
The second
namely
but
simple
unsustainable)
as a metaphysical
own productions.
long
ideals
ascetic
In
such
the
operate
not
conceptions,
for
formally
critique
(unfounded
centrally
further
Kantian
of
two
important
the
attention
object
of
as produced
and
be philosophically
no
back
to
necessary
regressive
to
Copernican
turn.
It
is
Copernican
turn
for
without
objects
as such
to
be given,
idealism
prior
to
Kant's
go
a conception
of
to
it
objects
prior
to
sustain
this
first
implication
can
only
relapse
thought
the
position
reconsideration
of
every,
of
its
that
into
as it
the
of
the
of
assuming
were,
vulgar
of
possibility
conditions
as transcendental.
But
this
alongside
immediately
these
produced
nature
of
all
firmly
in
the
realm
of
the
is
interjected
as
the
source
which
subjectivity
can
be understood
merely
founts
in
transcendental
it
subjectivity,
centre
of
formally
truth.
this
the
Here,
nevertheless
productions
by
replaced
of
to the
distribution
values
is
the
old
called
an agency is
of
Nietzsche,
of
(ch. 1.111; ch. 3. ID,
is not,
formally
not itself
Platonistic
according
very
Kant
three
only
to
similar
created
structure,
him,
or
natural.
in
which
of
convergence
of
these
at
the
of
this
The effect
universe.
belief
uncritical
in
perspective,
fundamental
altered.
For
it
is
immaterial
of
the
highest
and
site
source
and that
means,
for
Kant as much
to
transcendental
apperception
understanding
but
apperception
is
clear
that
of
creation
is
either
a supersensible
-186-
the
source
case
the
realm
case
As was shown before
as produced.
It
in
is,
In either
subjectivity).
'god'
is
most
overcome
a synthesis.
And in
placed
the
whether
that
is
agency
it
the
in
(universal)
since
seemingly
formed
saying
point
conception
the
the
but
only
of
And although
of
is
allows
of
productions
continued
nature
origin
the
Kant's
from
syntheses
to
up the
make
the
of
a human
as production,
nature
Kant
that
are
as exempt
Whilst
means
man (transcendental
god or
ground.
as a transcendental
of
values
which
faculties.
the
mark
another
he locates
phenomena,
an anthropocentric
system
posed
accompany the
that
metaphysical
runs
short,
which
to
of
to
a theocentric
too,
features
as for
and,
similar
very
case,
loss
there
strand
this
productions
objects
critical
recuperates
the
realises
properly
itself
is
this
but
fundamentally
is
opposed
to the
nature,
remains
secondary
in
sensible,
or
derived
and
itself
sufficiently
creation
deficiency
'god'
invented:
is
the
and
the world
another
the
reduplicate
for
idealised
opposing
them,
they
articulated
is
certainly
has the
thinking,
but
this
cleared
the
idealist
for
destabilising
of
potential
In
the
overcome
too,
any
beyond
neither,
idealist)
conceptions
does
and asks
Thus consciousness
takes to be
originary
a primary
to
that
is
of
the
entire
physiology.
If
only
coterminous
with
Platonism.
of
a primary
traditional
metaphysics.
oppositional
that
stance
(which
its
But
deny
what
which,
must
the
their
of
reality
inquires
merely
function
qua the
is
-187-
is
Platonism
so,
not
move
Kant'
the
of
these
overall
of
it),
does
thinking
of
the
be
would
(or
in
cannot
duplicate
value
its
realising
Platonistic
self-consciousness
be rethought
Critique
physiological
into
is
from
theme
anti-materialist
the
are
a physiological
of
merely
would
Nietzsche's
they
when critique
back
it
than
rather
service
As
critique.
physiology.
becomes possible
which
Kantian
on which
the
hold
thought
would
philosophy,
in
his
of
it
basis
be adapted
realm
conception
towards
stance
fundamental
intrinsic
Platonism,
of
which
thinking
its
this
on the
the
logic,
of
to
ground
It
projections.
of
impositions
field
blow
by a transvaluation
only
entire
a fatal
it
not
the
transcendental
strike
as
is
Plato,
the
to
It
of
case
if
assumptions.
not
Kant.
it.
a supersensible
be overcome
by an oppositional
It
of
construed
Hence
earlier
adaptation
central
Platonistic
of
potential
on
throughout
the
Nietzsche's
transvalued
same way that
its
this
conceptions
can
variation
to
structure
course
the
all
extend
in
conception
oppositional
The same goes of
to
basis
ever
of
to
in
on the
structure
opposed
able
only
conceptions
elsewhere.
that
human being
and of
Platonistic
with
in
is
from
t SEa,
is
thinking
Nietzsche's
simply
According
and noumena,
subjectivity
Platonistic
such
be supplemented
must
Nature
place.
plenitudinous
production.
or
in
the
s
economy of
life.
'I
Kant
as a mere epiphenomenon
think',
of
a more
fundamental
more
complex and
of consciousness
to
the will
no longer
it
It
power.
function
of
an organism
ingestion
or
digestion.
organism,
and is
involuntary
Hinsicht
"In
wie
bewußte
Welt...
das
"As regards
such as the
.,,
is
only
a small
the
expansion
of
in
singularity
WM/WPno. 707,
passage
accorded
to
understood
idealism
world
the
even to
perhaps
This
is
power
sphere
product
springs
to any other
des
und Gegeneinander-
Für-
dessen
Bewußtsein
als
Zweck..
fehlt
uns
alles
mehr
in
der
Mittel
Deshalb
ist
Stück
anzusetzen,
ein
darstellt,
ist
Entfaltung
Naivett,.
es eine
irgend
..
Wert anzusetzen:
höchsten
als
Recht:
"
and multiplicity
of
for
and against,
organism
shows,
its
conscious
To posit
this
piece
of
of
life,
we have no right
in
every
only
consciousness
d'
1
wor
'the
is
it
from
as the
out
all:
at
the
unfolding
to
posit
any
value:
and
a naivety...
highest
them, " (KSA 12,10
of
world
as
consciousness
in
one more means
Therefore
of
of
and
11371,
omissions)
my
,
consciousness
construes
the
of
working
life.
diagnoses
as the
itself
of
service
superior
Organism
Dies
nur
obviously
justify
t. m.
jedes
phenomenon
entire
the
such as
zu rechtfertigen.
life
of
in
occurs
as much a
aus ihnen
segment.
becoming-conscious
functions
physiological
of
of
its
des Bewußtseins
Welt'
immensity
entirety
for
purpose
gar
'die
process
is
Vielfache
und
Lebens.
Sphäre
synthesising
writes:
Leben
von
der
productive
rethinking
becoming-conscious
Ausschnitt.
des
the
the
functionally
Bewußtwerden
und Machterweiterung
und vielleicht
of
Gesamtleben
kleiner
ein
eine Einzelheit
in
This
Ungeheure
es das
ist
ersichtlich
a being-conscious
Nietzsche
Gesamtphänomen
jenes
no longer
intrinsically
das
auf
arbeitens,
für
short,
as any other
processes.
incessant
the
Becoming-conscious
not
physiological
outside
(Bewußtwerden).
becoming-conscious
its
in
the
stands
has been transformed
but
(Bewußtsein)
is,
In
productivity.
a paralogistic
in
of
an idealist
the
consciousness
from
thinking
it,
will
value
Rather
than
being
philosophy.
to
as the
and it
as regards
the
is
power's
originary
of
-188-
little
synthesising
source
of
consequence
activity,
world;
the
whether
this
the
that
is
consciousness
of
paralogism
by re-incorporating
becomings
of
rationalism
the basis
of
the
Within
the
thinking
oppose
body
that
formulated
in)
are
'dialectic'
has
been
'spirit'
had
only
to power
as physiology.
the
falls
simply
if
this
words,
of
liberating
only
otherness
away
if
both
of
are
named
as
of
from
as an effect
the
of
This
is
to
say
that
their
It
is,
rather,
shows
that
the
will
yet
another
production
of
this
that
as
between
nature's
materiality
forms
their
of
an originary
remnants of
What is comprehended
is able
idealism.
an obsolete
to devalue
as the
the
result
centrality
other
will
to
according
other
the
to
which
is
to
effect
it
and
not
offered
by (the
vice
particular,
a paralogistic
in
nature,
to
versa.
of
to overcome
the
operation,
too
say,
Dialectic
In
-189-
In
power,
to
by extending
of
and
which
of
critique
'man'
power
has
critique
on
side,
exchanges.
them against
of
becomes
productions
thematises
turning
again
the
Nietzsche
yet
is
which
basis
whilst
is
recommence
on the
critique
which
a thinking
be possible
first)
body
consciousness.
to
insights
the
That
itself
the
will
on the
the
of
understands
utilises
the
the
first
perpetual
nature,
name will
is
human consciousness
of
imposition
idealist
which
of
itself
opposition
as
power
is
Platonism
even
able
Nietzsche
to
Platonism,
within
to
Here, too,
notions
synthesis3.
de-humanise
under
traditional
not
on
faculties.
other
transvaluation
the
possible
opposition
to
is
only
are
this
site
Nietzsche's
dogmatic
terms
conceived
the
behind
which
up by
absolute
perpetual
of
a higher
on which
other
any
hatred
and
the
matter
arises
Nietzsche
fear
the
aspect
in
the
leave
this
overcomes
power,
possible
and
a physiology
to
One implication
basis
is
reason
valid.
been
so much
as the
one side
of
opened
ever
Secondly,
possible.
paralogisms
will
'sublated'
perspective
comprehended
the
no longer
the
of
to
(irrespective
case that
object
able
of
the
all
is
productions
of
spirit
the
the
synthetic
to
as Kant
thinking
into
consciousness
just
-
an organism
by showing
man. Nietzsche's
god or of
the
scope
Nietzsche
destabilise
the
the
of
anthropocentrism
is
the paralogism
Both Kant's
his
the
being
of
briefly
few salient
fact
the
is
ontology
the
existence
And this
brings
its
discussion.
that
it
of
his
unquestioned
the
third
us to
aspect
be touched
final
fruition
requires
another
context
Here
attention
can
only
be drawn
to
critique,
Kant's
course
remains
its
can only
hatte
Ursache der
of
which
of
upon
a
There
is
realm
which,
although
The productions
fixity.
constitution
state.
But
of
aspect
phenomenal
its
can be theoretically
divided
'the
sore
spot
insofern
er
den Schluß
presupposes
the
into
their
Kantian
critique'
("der
to
say about
this
had
and
mehr zu seiner
it
conception
this
Unterscheidung
von der
of
faule
it:
'Erscheinung'
Erscheinung
auf
und
eine
Fassung
seiner
gemäß
als unerlaubt
Gültigkeit:
und dessen rein-intraphänomenaler
wie
vorwegnimmt,
schon
jene Unterscheidung
ablehnte
anderseits
'in
object,
Kantian
called
of
of
but
a thing
as phenomenal
obviously
Nietzsche
first
as presence.
a noumenal
absolute
the
Kritizismus")
Recht
being
of
this
sides.
a thing
an sich'
no longer
of
concern
des Kausalitätsbegriffs
ob das 'Ding
(which
as a point
Erscheinung
welche Fassung
belief
posits
objects
an sich'...
on the
Kant
unaltered
kein
motor
that
outside
of
by the
point
a pristine,
of
driven
of
only
to,
prior
is
primacy
Fleck des Kantischen
"Kant
and
which
the
functions
the two aspects
'Ding
truth
of
critique
in
phenomenal and noumenal
"Kant
of
critique.
originary
as primordial.
because
human consciousness
retains
of
conception
symptoms
predicated
obvious
unknowable,
itself',
a metaphysical
more than
by Kant)
unquestioned
of all
transvaluation
of
points.
Despite
entire
the
reinterpretation
by an anthropocentric
here
for
below)
of
to
This
critique.
nothing
transvaluation
of Nietzsche's
(sec. IV,
aspect
adherence
finally
are
Kantian
a theocentric
of
consciousness
relatively
second
continued
substitution
acceptance
to
intrinsic
nicht
had a right
nur
to
erschlossen,
his
distinction
-190-
sondern
gegeben
'appearance'
sei. "
and 'thing
als
in
itself'
Insofar
as he rejected
to
the
cause
the
concept
of
which
version
...
an appearance
of
version
validity:
distinction,
the
if
as
12,5
"
(KSA
ven.
gl
e 4l
The irresolvable
dilemma
that
it
other
'thing
in
at
of
of
things
into
same time
to
posit
noumena at
definition
they
and
understanding
status
in
that
The
inferred
from
realm,
utterly
illegitimate,
applicable
to the
compass of
the
reason which
discovers
to
But even in
and which
theoretical
accldentia
on the
of
transcendental
instituting
all
and noumenal
is
philosophy
the
aspects.
But
at
the
that
by
a deeply
un-critical
move in
the
productions
of
the
to
say
that
the
is
deeply
realm
of
transcendent.
This
is
is
how they
can
be arrived
at
without
having
been
when
the
from
phenomena
to
at
that
of
inferences
time
same
their
transcendental
Kant' s redefinition
realm.
In
this
at
the
whilst
objects.
up a similar
of
realm
can be material
point
first
critical
This
constitution,
causality
as solely
noumena fall
outside
of
sense
same acting
the
position
vis-a-vis
produced.
Hence noumena,
the
with
objects
too,
the
the
of
as guarantor
them on a par
puts
is
ideas
of
Kant
are
from
exempt
becoming.
the
be an immaculate
Kant's
knowledge
be synthetically
the movement of
but
of
transcendental
take
inferred
merely
production
phenomenal
of
by
phenomenal
theory
given
phenomenal function
concentrate
are
that
anticipates
the
than
other
him to
is
his
with
of
question
another
for
all
from
my
omissions)
,
of
sense
Kant's
phenomena
already
centre
the
outside
of noumena in
problematic.
their
inference
intra-phenomenal
purely
the
phenomena
the
accordance
was not
WM/Wp no. 553, t. m.
division
lie
hand
itself'
in
-
its
and
on the
possibility
of
an appearance
causality
becomes possible
only
conditions
,
of
impermissible
as
(both
objective
at
may undergo
phenomena,
which
which
of
the
status),
an object
change
but
which
is
are
surely
sully
concept
of
not
open to
qua substance
-191-
by definition
it
what
substance
temporalised
could
otherise
Its
transformation.
does not
a
provides
(cf.
the
discussion
detailed
of the concept
this
in
ch. 1. I. , above).
substance
to
a manifold
of
of
this
of
as a consequence
act
the
with
which
terms and as unchanging
Even though
intuition
of
the
is
object
is
then
conceived
regard
to
the
aspect
of
Kant
admits
it
application
a synthetic
in
act,
extra-temporal
is
which
theorised
as substance.
But
even
the
object,
is
really
fixed
things
change,
little
which
persist.
'this
Nietzsche
ironises
suppression
of
comprehend
an occurrence
' beings'
of
,
It
to
has
the
the
is,
however,
has,
on the
Although
theorise
(although
to
all,
not formulate
at
their
this
so entirely
beyond
self-evident.
But
with
does not
mean that
that
of
scope
which
the
fabrication
that
level
these
above
his
ontology
that
there
is
are
objects,
produced
by a
become
knowable,
without,
the
an
work
is
entire
that
subjectivity)
(Kant' s idealism
esse
est
percipi).
Kant
anywhere
in
his
text
because
his
for
one of
continued
true.
-192-
that
by subjectivity
inquiry
is
the
objects,
level
presupposition
to
unknowable
with
is
of
s
technical
are
itself
assures
and
Kant'
obviously
of
its
on the
Over
to
on one
the
it
position
is
assumption
objectivity
of
Critique
as objects
underlying
operate
assumptions
hence
Berkeley
objections
be realised
as yet
formation
the
far
unthinkable
point
to
attempt
change
the
system.
qua
and
and
that
not
enthropos
first
the
the
11391, WM/WP no. 631, t. m, ).
all
unquestioned
subjectivity
on,
his
to
how things,
based
after
to
and
of
how
above)
'the
as
an
a cosmos
Mythologie"),
alte
shifting
of
within
(ch. 2.11,
becoming,
(KSA 12,2
'
internal
as
exist.
prior
of
so
transcendental
exist
a kind
as
of
mentioned
predicated
things
processes
accidentia
position
("diese
mythology'
permanent...
it
nonetheless
seen
been
technicalities
to
already
old
primary
have
locatable
attempt
We have
that
and are
they
of
though,
which
that
a change
be emphasised,
ontology
entirely
than
more
the
may affect
him,
the
need
it
so unquestionably
fabrications
existence,
which
of
consequence
is
from the
supposition
it
Instead
entities
out
grows
this
is
radically
positivities
fictions,
useful
being
of
a conception
(as presence,
precisely
They are
erlauben
Zeit
Wir
würden
nicht
von
wenn wir
nicht,
in
grober
glaubten...
Der
Satz
von
der
Identität
daß
es gleiche
Dinge
...
'Augenschein',
Sinne
strengen
vorfindet,
diese
wie
is
fact'
in
Art
Schein
das
..
transitions
We would
we did
lauter
believe
not
that
the strict
to
The
motion...
are
sense,
be
of appearance
has
'knowledge'
" (KSA
...
time
of
as
objective
this
vein,
Nietzsche
von
'Individuum'
neben
Bewegtem
zu sehen
Hintergrund
Eine
werdende
'erkannt'
schon
geschaffene
den
Welt
werden:
könnte
Welt
fest
geworden,
insofern
-
impermissible
to
speak
would
not
know
anything
a crude
way,
'what
is
to
law
nur
im
insofern
nur
grobe
aber
erhalten
zu reden
wissen,
als
nicht
writes:
Bewegung
von
hat
and
in
see,
the
gibt
es
be
'comprehended',
finds
semblances,
preserved
11,36
(23],
-
insofar
only
is
WM/WP no. 520, t. m. ,
if
what
rest'
beside
is
the
'apparent
only
could
not,
insofar
as
the
crude
world,
there
like
something
my omissions
in
kind
as this
insofar
fixed,
motion
at
created,
become
of
becoming
In
'known':
an already
but
life
of
an 'individual'
of
identity
A world
things.
identical
mere
all
In
gibt.
Leben
it
intellect
from
of
Scheinbarkeiten,
background
there
'comprehending'...
constructed
of
status
the
which
"
make
speak
not
in
now thought
hat
eine
aus
'Erkenntnis'.
"Continual
...
..
gezimmert
insofern
etwas
Intellekt
On
are
nichts
start
primary.
but
'Ruhendes'
'begriffen',
nicht
'begreifende'.
der
Weise,
und
etc. ) is
given
nicht,
reden
does not
becoming.
no longer
fabrications.
Übergänge
Kant,
of
as perpetual
world
a thinking
and simply
as
that
substantLa
the
of
rehearses
factual
are
fortwährenden
"Die
that
transformed.
which
to
contradistinction
Nietzsche
of
basis
the
in
a thought,
Nietzsche'
and
emphases).
As concerns
or becoming,
Kant's
III),
solution
the
dichotomy
Nietzsche
to
Kant overcomes
of
resolves
the
the
(third)
rivalry
the
world
a manner
formally
of
conceptions
this
in
antinomy.
of
claims
-193-
As was discussed
of
determinism
according
to
being
of
reminiscent
before
free
and
(ch. 2,
will
by
assigning
respectively.
his
constituents
different
from
those
of
this
and that
quote)
A world
objects
implies
that
something
sense of
the
word can obviously
objects
to be known and if
Kant's
privileges
the
Nietzsche's
thinking
makes the
wishes
to
productions
the primacy
themselves
it
of
(after
in
manner
of
conceived
of
entails
as produced,
the
truth.
one side
is
privileged
production,
so too,
the
being,
antinomy)
becoming
is
place.
But
phenomena of
that
which
Kant
ultimately
basis
Nietzsche's
s re-
implicitly
speaking),
unchanging
whereas
Nietzsche'
in
crudely
first
the
immutable,
all
stability
are
as secondary
to
the
economy of
to power.
-194-
say of
of
reactivation
fundamental
is
the
on which
less
as
and
that
there
from
can be expected.
symmetry
it
has been completely
of
above),
possible
of
there
fixity
the
in
that
the
knowledge
perpetual
becoming
of
in
no fixed
that
nature
for
are
of
of
be cognised
if
(the
can be understood
self-
any traditional
which
the
of
cannot
he formulates
is
purposes
in
antinomy
reason
purposes
And knowledge
the
being
the
of an object
to
presupposes
for
concept
in
side
functional
Kant,
belief
side
noumenal
of
Nor are
any
no neutral
claims
truth.
of
ch. 2. III,
many of
of
project
that
claim
rival
are
concept
come about
in
the
becoming
not
problem,
impositions
the constituents
will
means for
of
in
solution
the
to
as an immutable
the
(as demonstrated
(by the
the
as concerns
has been fixated).
absence
where Kant
he repeats
be construed
any,
of
formally
has
or indeed
consideration
thinking
being
of
fixed,
the start
Nietzsche's
a world
such
as in
of
them different
are no fixities,
Just
and noumenal,
assigns
anthropos.
by the
case,
phenomenal
too,
there
bankrupted
Kant,
the
Nietzsche,
above
of
preservation
In
moves.
brief,
(cf.
knowledge
to
the
being and becoming,
In
namely
many of
predecessor's
domains.
realm,
Although
very
obviously
a different
to
each
than
the
this
in
So far
chapter
I have
attempted
moments
of
critique,
aspects
of
meant,
firstly,
some of
the
key
to
submit
moves
the
reactive
repeats
In
particular,
could
still
critique.
theology
speak.
Secondly,
psychology
formally
whilst
adapting
these
yet
the
Ideal
of
Kant's
text,
albeit
to
be operative
in
the
will
to
truth
organises
we saw that
the
conception
in
which
the
of
encompass
Kants
the
terms
of
the
antinomy
order
to
encompass
the
to
the
discussions
all
the
of
rival
themselves
critique
that
to
in
intensified
Nietzsche
Kantian
was broadened
that
shown
was
show that
be seen
form,
more subtle
this
to
it
from
to a
dogmatic
in
of
rational
anthropocentrism.
Thirdly
rational
cosmology
could
primacy
of
to
claims
so to
above,
parat ogisms
a
it
be
being
and
becoming4.
It
has been possible
brief
moves relatively
done in
the
focused
(in
antinomy,
chapter
but also
three
if
not
respectively,
offered
physiological
in
exclusively)
as discussed
in
of
final
to
the
step
first
which
the
first
makes this
place.
-195-
to
chapters
The third
Critique.
part
third
been
and on the
paralogism
the
have
second
and
as discussed
of
transvaluative
work had already
ideal,
obviously
will
'fundament'
the
second
these
first
the
on the
the
of
substantial
Thus
chapters.
a reading
extended
The next,
possible
because
previous
part,
keep
the
in
Critique,
first
Critique.
be an exposition
rethinking,
this
of
the
transvaluation,
Physiology
II, Waves of
the
In
the
of
three
previous
causal
In
examined.
were
nexus
different
chapters,
aspects
the
course
teleology
that
shown
substance,
causality
and
for
different
reasons,
as means
of
to
ourselves
subtly
it
Here
bodies.
necessary
how a body
importance
theory
world
is
been pointed
feature
Platonism
the
from
onslaught
on Platonism
which
convalescence
is
as
in
therefore
likes
the
of
of
the
is a peculiarity
it,
as with
to
'Gay
body
of
put
it
Science'
in
draw
),
the
on a
this
central
'Phaedrus'
to
written
and
yet
with
the
suppression
the
out
sense
in
in
primary
incessant
of
In
structures.
oppositional
sense
and
the
of
the
body
the
preface
which
it
is
rarer
the
in
Nietzsche's
is
which
Far
supercede.
physiology
with
on how to
oppositional
instance
(for
oppositional
thorough
from
very
an affirmation
constitutes
to
its
often
the
it7,
robs
As has
oppositional
reinstating
much concerned
attempt
s writing
himself
edition
thought
two-
thinking
was sought
by
Platonism
occurs
Niet zsche'
second
It
which
I shall
Nietzsche
thought
the
this
to
been
if
of
above)
on the
has
repeating
without
Platonic
of
which
the
overcome
position
follows
beyond
non-Platonic
to
physiology
by moving
II,
parasitic
quote
have
any
utterly
the
opens).
of
structural
attention
deal
is
this
draw
to
ion
bankrupt,
was outlined.
is
hence
start,
hope
productions
(sec.
from
A great
Platonism6
this
attempt
the
to
s theorisat
equally
why it
dependent
was
I
be operative,
apart
utterly
(my aim
chapter
of
is
this
the
one
Platonism
of
body,
Platonism
constitutive
structures
the
physiology
first
But
be sustained'-.
of
suppression
move beyond
to
for
effectiveness
of
which
Platonism
out,
order
hatred
the
Platonism
in
the
of
with
synonymous
requirement,
profound
chapter
Kant'
all
thinking
In
is
to
are
thought.
which
needs
structure
is
remind
of
of
manner
or,
what
in
as
to
the
marks
the
is
a critique
philosophy.
Kantian
philosophy
-196-
that
although
it
of
dogmatic,
qua
reason
does
it
metaphysics,
that
ultimately
intensify
critique
and
not
body. As concerns
this
point,
precisely
prevents
this
intensification
conversely,
what
facilitates
the
twofold
this
qua
into
an affirmation
task
in
Platonic-Christian,
means
be to show what
will
Kant's
philosophy
intensification
the
of
in
the
and,
thought
of
it
be
Nietzsche.
Before
to
advisable
Nietzschean
science
any further
we proceed
physiology,
is
which
assumptions
about
of any other
rationalist
being thought
in
such
is
as far
from any other.
from
the
that
god or other
A second advantage
provides
of the traditional
philosophy,
etc.
traditional
Thirdly,
even
its
without
might
its
object
is
these
which
affirm
setting
it
of
capable
very
presuppositions
Nietzsche
advocates
and
as
science
to
to
stem
me
seems
the
in
as those
signally
be
conveniently
and
to
of
(rationalist)
physiology
easily
type
of
materiality
opposition
the
to mind,
impositions.
idealist
is
physiology
a foil
for
spheres
(such
) without
so
seeks
which
rethinking
as art,
be asked
which
its
that
simultaneously
anthropocentrisms
it
can
register
of
are
empirical
attraction
empirical
as limited
just
to
the
and
clandestine
beings
if
this
(and to some extent
and
physiology
this
it
The latter
destabilise
as to
from
importantly,
very
organisms)
science,
removed
between
of
might
as concerns
presuppositions
organic
a manner
point
relations
its
enquiry,
biology.
of
of
by a thinking
appropriated
spirit,
functional
nature
of
difference
as a branch
Nietzsche's
fact
body but,
the
The philosophical
and assumptions.
practices
namely
As such,
the
line
one crucial
the
organisms.
this
general
classed
examines
physiology
between)
in
clarify
in
functions
any number of
productions
politics,
nature,
reiterate
the
science,
having
structure
why a specifically
-197-
object
(the
to
them°.
physiological
register
of
in
any
to
be preferable
should
productions.
non-anthropomorphic
Nietzsche
philologist
classical
respective
but
one
One obvious
reason,
in
was surely
ßa6w and
of
etymologies
biological
a generally
simply
'to
live'
life',
the
latter
growls.
Especially
in
appropriate
for
thinking
the
is
more
primordial
than
preservation,
ever
a secondary
effect
the
much more
will
to
growth
Furthermore,
functional
of
of
in
Having drawn out
signification
that
the
of
which
of matter
which terms
instance,
the
they
to
preserve
beget,
bring
is
obviously
phuein
the
of
to
will
for
which
basic
will
to
forth,
make to
more
for
which
preservation
is
power
that
grow
is
only
the
describe
to
seeks
In
respect
is
more
readily
adaptable
distinctions
between
an empirical
in
follows
reference
physiology,
this
only
the
sustains)
secondarily
descriptive
the
to
this
scope
task
than
does
of
a whole
host
armoury.
forms,
is
become 'god'
It
a 'higher'
issue
value,
meaning,
sense
and give
form
secondary
importance
inscribed
Christianity,
in
-
whence
of
low are
most
Platonism
Put schematically,
is
the
ways of
in
sustain
structure,
is
thinking
physiological
posed
its
to destabilise
strategies
of
his
his
and the
is
different
on many
Platonism
attack
course
me that
body.
what
and
type.
latter
the
and the
high
physiology
body.
seems to
weapon in
that
life,
philosophical
some important
and develops
realm,
one's
mean
general.
Nietzsche
effective
maintain
a human
made to
it
can
(and
exclusively
thinking,
the
former
expends
philosophical
fronts
from
life
Nietzsche's
Although
arises
the
the
productions
register
biology
one which
of
whereas
produce,
respect
and
by which
through
of a physiological
that
last
this
Nietzsche's
and
'to
as
re-thinking
Because
'to
of
of,
the
ch. 4, I, above).
processes
in
itself
sense
translates
(cf.
power
the
V
aware
for
as against
-198-
the
flesh
of
to the
mortals,
and
'lower'
realm,
precisely
with
for
in
Kant,
the
to
as opposed
transcendental
the
The crucial
empirical.
complete
and thoroughgoing
denigration
of
carried
and 'this'
always
ultimately
out
human body
world
it
because
is
the
that,
the
thinker
stands
the
forms.
The 'ground'
ironically,
located
in
that
unattainable
definition
remote
from
the
realm
of all
realm of
say,
In
physiology.
forceful
way of
this
to
according
in
regard
an all-pervasive
thus the expression
of
a degeneration
' low'
is
thus
schema,
which
to
purity
of
the
'this'
is
which
two-world
the
of
most
the
by
that
is
is
a very
physiological
and
schema
the
of
is,
world
of humans,
materiality
hatred
world
Platonic
the
realm
Platonic
a
materiality
higher
the
that
means the
of)
the
of
,
things
of
expression
the
attaining
(the
of
' this,
is
point
to
life
of
high
10,
low.
One of
the
implications
obvious
designated
as low
means first
and foremost
In order
to dislodge
develops
accorded
to the
attached
signification
In this
sense
processes
secondary
Nietzsche
whereby
values
primary
of
similar
forms.
derive
It
it,
but
only
status
to
that
which
previously
as the
site
and hence
can speak
it
is
that
and its
-199-
values
transform
cultural
edifices
step,
is,
the
whence
primary
now accorded
'idealisation',
physiological
consciousness
of matter,
thought
now
power.
Nietzsche
first
a
as
is
of
and that
any productive
with
conception
In
thinking.
a formally
and value
not
invested
is
whatever
worthless"
valueless,
devaluating
this
Platonic
is
it
that
a physiological
body is
intrinsically
itself
is
of
that
schema is
this
of
status.
the
themselves
into
(cf, ch. 2, II)
high
high
high
high
high
lowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlowlow.
This
initial
has been exhaustively
step
Platonism
of
overturning
the
because by reversing
the
not just
passed
from
"Die
theory
itself,
wahre Welt
scheinbare
of
haben
the
Aber
which
has somehow,
the
Instead,
thereby
along
with
the
GD/TI
IV).
This
But
'ground'
it
the Platonic
qua source
of
and unsullied
production
which
obviously
in
Platonic
actual
affliction.
wahren
Welt
haben wir
auch
was left?
the
apparent
one
world
it
is
the
fact
The first
the
Nietzschean
overcoming
of
into
the
drilling
this
tidy,
rather
of
adjoining
of
such
these
-200-
the
forms
conceptuality
of
clean
any other
models
of
the
Platonic
in
remain,
this
projection.
descent's
to Nietzsche's
a powerful
(which
of
realm
conception
aspects
central
of
equally,
the
clean
rather
dissolution
of the
aspect
But
character
of
abolished
Nietzsche's
immaculate
this
make it
we have also
association
values).
three
which
than
its
and
of
vestiges
show that
the
purity
(of
the
an important
unsettle
retain
the physiological
true
further
reaches
with
die
"
necessary
productions
in
There are
into
values
redemption:
der
is
schema to
beyond
übrig?
to
Because
model envisages.
schema,
blieb
constitutes
of physiology
entire
is
Welt
a moment in
undoubtedly
Platonism.
respect
(KSA 6,
the
it
welche
world
which
one! "
compromised
mit
we abolished:
apparent
other.
nein!
"The true
no!
II
productivity
abgeschafft!
perhaps? ... But
free'
two 'realms',
die scheinbare
world
' twists
which
the
abgeschafft:
vielleicht?.,.
as Nietzsche's
between
priority
one to
is
wir
a thinking
of
an originary
of
two-world
means
order
status
miraculously,
the
by
theorised
antidote
briefly
was
to
the
discussed
just
destabilisation
the
is
now)
Platonism.
undermines
to
is
any
Platonistic
in
have
a body
characterise
nothing
to
structure
of 'its'
matter
and
the
a way of
avoiding
Nietzsche's
of
important,
the
structure
the
chapters,
trajectory
of
Platonism
of
through
and
which
of
Platonism
trajectory,
a more
philosophers
needs
deprecation
fact
that
the
of
it
is
conceptuality
in this
and of
of
the
or
less
flux
sense
becoming
as
to
bodily
is
directed
unsubsumable
of
thinking
fluidity
disintegrating
(of
that
are
in
matter)
Platonism'
all
which
united
order
s hatred
in
justify
one
of
time
grand
-201-
components
of
have
in
shown
matter
which
proceed
as a closed-off
object.
history
interrupt
order
discourses
sanitised
what
what
of
the
the
fluidity,
formal
rigid,
this
a Platonistic
putrefactory
ideal
and
origin
in
fear
and horror
needs
to
fixate
this
to
itself.
It
existence
and
of
eruption
abrupt
its
the
perpetual
to
the
the
of
In
and which
to
offers
continuation
precisely
has
the
coextensive
its
to
down-going,
the
the
against:
fluidity
with
less
is
the
the
of
bodies.
this
Because
Kant's
confront
or
of
unfortunately
to
status
into
slime
hope
of
its
type
a body:
also
exchanges
more
violent,
the
structural
as I
of
materiality
is
in
matter.
it
words,
other
be comprehended
cannot
Nietzschean
to
the
matter
about
is,
inability
in
occur.
body
the
compromise
is,
a type
of
and
aspect
body,
utterly
essentially
of an excessive,
perpetual
human
the
be described
can only
crucial
his
is
transformations
suppression
one
knows
which
of
For,
by
of
purely
thinking.
three
of the
less
grittier,
always,
exchanges
structure
in
is
obviously
a body
Platonism
of
on physiology
whereas
fundamental
most
organises
structure
do with,
as a moment
previous
The history
is
which
as Platonism
transformations
physiological
it
thinking
An oppositional
what
of
structure
insofar
perpetual
denies
undermining
base
the
which
But however
to
an oppositional
oppositionality.
of,
that
say
oppositions:
about
nothing
two-world
project
implicated
definition,
terms
true
It
the
of
of
sweeping
the
matter,
of
movement
which
is
body
is
directed
specifically
against
anything
intrinsically
which
resists
ion.
subsumpt
The point
Nietzschean
which
at
physiology
not
only
qua
anti-sensuous
Platonic
two-world
theory
oppositionality
but
overcomes
this
anti-material
rigidity
the
of
structure
comes,
strangely
possible
place
'god'
spectre
last
It
this
new or
renewed,
convalescing
'god'
does
of
course
mean something
most
remote
is
to
say,
is
the
'god'
down in
lower
basis
which
has
thinking
of
physiology
his
to
different
the
the
even
Platonism
in
terms
the
precisely
this
basis
instant
the
Nietzsche
of greatest
to power in
its
body
to
think
of
a
physiology.
that
is
the
vagaries
of
the
body.
greatest
source
of
value
for
everything
else
may
Platonism,
'god'
is
the
possibility
immutable
it
thinking,
from
this
for
two
will
and extra-
of
something
of
course
like
have
anaemic,
extra-temporal
millenia,
down
human
body
for
the
Nietzschean
physiological
ideal,
even the
most anti-physical
be possible
reconsider
is
rethink
the
an
to
the
and corpuscule.
to power which
physiology
but
of
the
the
physiological
entirely
from
In
time,
to
is
with
in
able
to
rethink
which
play
of
producedness
of
which
the
which
they
traced
be
can
way.
In
a specific
transvaluation
Nietzsche's
of
production
because
physiological
by means of
a body
intensity
pulsating
their
method13
inhabits
motor
most
of
phenomena can be demonstrated,
will
ideal,
hierarchy.
the
comes
principle
is
highest
terrorised
crevice
to
the
subject
of
something
must in
aspects
or
into
little
attempts
in
When Nietzsche
mutated
when Nietzsche
model
of
'god'
and that
on the
flows
point
Kant)
temporal.
uncontrollable
the
may be in
change,
first
at
in
is
that
on the
as the
structure
the
off
enough,
for
In Platonism,
all
imposed
(as
In Platonism
highest,
also
casts
is
'god'
-202-
like
reached
and expansion.
to a
sense
values.
all
as something
Intermittently
contraction
of
this
all
On
a point
by the
In
this
will
or
ebb and flow,
perpetual
In the crest
'high'
as 'god'
of
but
of becoming
in
value
of the
following
way:
"Gott'
als
Entgottung.
...
which
which
elevate
would
the
das
darin
Wert-Höhepunkt,
sich
organisieren
hat,
ihre
as moment
deification.
of
Kraft
therein
But
The receding
..
from
force...
high
the
have any
this
in
sequence
zu
mehr
"
becoming.
and de-
deification
high
but
Kraft
höchsten
dieser
an eternal
value
und
Macht-Höhepunkte.
nur
nichts
sie
the
the
Vergottung
ewige
Folge
als
of
process
them from,
points
of
power.
consequence
as
..
of
this
itself,
after
to de-organise
"
against
force
its
utilises
In
point
turning
which,
point
entire
do not
sondern
existence
no high
the
be
also
periodically
zu deorganisieren...
verwendet,
culmination:
from
eine
nachdem
wendend,
sich
Dasein
Im Werden...
vom Höhepunkt
is
might
and separate
describes
Kulminations-Moment:
kein
power
secondly,
them above
Nietzsche
process.
distinct
and which,
momentum.
high
and flowing
to
will
as
low
ebbing
not
sense
gegen
to organise,
into
a temporal
Aber
and regathering
low
incessant
firstly,
concentrated
high
this
are,
welche,
...
highest
in
which
Der Rückgang
"'God'
receding
high
points
ongoing
periodically
low
points
concentrated
rest
breaking,
low
Here the
is
power
high
low
absolute
to
will
a wave before
of
high
thought
the
..
has nothing
it
(KSA 12,9
181,
more
WM/WP
no. 712, t. m. , my omissions)
In the same note
and of matter'
well
as,
does not
to power.
which
This
by implication,
do justice
I
are
to
understand
the
that
mean
causality,
complexities
-203-
of
the
of
exclusion
for
the
mechanical
its
mechanism
Stoffes")
des
und
inappropriate
utterly
teleological
to
'absolute
des Mechanismus
Ausschluß
("Absoluter
types of conceptuality
the will
demands the
Nietzsche
conceptual
topology
thinking
causality
as
of
(as
complement)
and economy of
it
becoming
and
that
thinking
is
attempted.
opposes
matter
to
which
starts
which
conceptuality
as consciousness,
to! ) the
former,
As opposed
just
form,
What
of
increased
material
purity
etc.
to power
as physiology
epiphenomenon of
quite
the
becoming-conscious
mean that
of
process,
which are
intrinsically
not
not
at
times
that
the
latter,
or
superior
in
that
the
processes
of
a degree
that
the
to
is
kind
any
For
of
higher
anti-
whilst
the
this
chapter),
of
becoming-conscious
as a
such
necessary
to
which
transformations
of
of
but
overlap
and
related,
necessarily
types
two
distinguish
accidentally
might
which
will
can undergo
matter
present
the
of
as an
consciousness
processes
a state
reach
of
is
series,
for
c. f. sec. I
thinks
it
idealist
different
spirituality,
produce
schema
is
deification.
of
(and
things)
by this
meant
transformative
matter,
two
of
from
of
such
greater
moments
Instead
transformative
kind
implies
to
any
other
moment can be understood
Nietzsche
matter.
scheme
physiology
other
of
any
disregard
different
that
such
does
all
to
or
consciousness,
,
to
pre-supposition
clearly
with
when a physiological
necessary
intensify
that
at
is
alignment
deification
(in
naturally
forces
deification.
the
'god'
Nietzschean
times
is
behind
1s qualitatively
as
this,
left
spirit,
from
to
culmination
does not
to
processes.
of
(the
it
natural
a body may at
be
Similarly,
instance
kind from all
therefore
must
certainly
are
not identical.
One of these
can be thought
perspective
this,
there
capacity.
wholly
into
of
series
of
the
occurs
Here
the
unconscious
ever
activities.
more
It
as
to
will
the
host
of
Among these
a body.
power
is
there
important
point
for
perhaps
not
to
processes
physiological
but
is
still
too
draw
and
fundamentally
fanciful
-204-
reason
no particular
to
a body
which
out
the
the
the
has
to
privilege
a certain
continuity
gradual
which
matter
from
although
processes,
becoming-conscious
conscious,
is
the
involves
between
flowing
of
these
physiological,
suggest
that
even
the
word
physiology
itself
logos,
of
body into
other
than
body.
thought,
des Leibes
alles
Denkens abgeschätzt
erdacht,
Schein!
Wer hat
es nicht
the
credibility
value
of
all
manner
of
things
Who,
a semblance!
The
is
do not
lauter
immer
weniger
sich
basis
der
Schein
als
Wert
Dinge
als
zu denken?
to
according
we had
thought
exist...
The
body
proves
less
had
reasons
to
think
the
" (KSA
11,39
[ 181,
as
a topology
Brahman-admirer.
complete
hätten
der
Assuming
now,
up until
wir
den Leib
the
may be judged.
which
nach
"
body
the
Basis,
erweist
GrUnde gehabt,
of
thinking
into
physis
fundamentally
anything
Gesetzt,
Der Leib
gibt...
die
erst
kann.
Brahman-Verehrer.
Der vollendete
semblance?
ist
werden
jetzt
bis
becoming
never
of
writes:
Glaubwürdigkeit
die
transformation
a gradual
while
Nietzsche
"Die
"Only
such
embodies
the
which
up all
less
and
body
of
as
m. t. , my
omissions)
This
first
idealism
series,
and a vulgar
Another
insofar
as it
recedes
(to
plasticity
the
and
will
of
these delirial
fluctuations
more fundamental
It
is clear
be a necessary
its
extent
then,
this
and
diminishes
regather)14.
as
power
and
it
which
expansions
can
force
and
the
emphasises
the
the
multi-
way in
which
whose successes
a conceptualising
impose
entire
field
in
including
and
power
more
the
series
second
physiology,
precede
disjunctions
upon
and
prior
flows.
that
consequence
cannot be overemphasised
saturated
it
This
contractions
to
once
has
and
to
will
becomes
grows
decreases
continuous
from
both
beyond
the
of
itself,
it
to
dimensionality
depend on the
expends
structuration,
regroup
fluctuations
economic
but
complex
of
marks
the
and
expands
possible
physiology
materialism.
concerns
series
organisationally
of its
then,
of
what
these
any confluence
of
the
described
processes
a complete
-205-
deathblow
to
two series
could
in
And it
each.
Platonism
it
is
never
if,
that
firstly,
back to its
the
about
body;
the
of
highest
re-incorporated
all
thirdly,
the
concept
and if,
secondly,
ideal
('god')
other
of
of
becoming-god,
thought
to
say that
that
is
that
of whether
(transcendental
posited
as given
ideality
is
is
these
philosophy
anaemic
forms
and
which
the
challenge
to
Nietzsche
paints
"Gesetzt,
terms
of
than
this
von dem sich
noch anziehender,
ganze fernste
ist
noch
und leibhaft
ungeheurer
been deaf
ein
das,
theory,
investment
with
the
oppositional
this
perceived
will
which
anziehender
mit
which
he
to
becoming-body
to
obligation
be a much greater
This
has gone before.
how
is
Vergangenheit
durch
unhörbarer
Recht
nur
-206-
einzutauschen
Leib,
Der menschliche
alles
organischen
zu fließen
getrennt
widerstrebend
dagegen
den hindurch,
Strom
Gedanke
und geheimnisvoller
nunmehr
was sie
geheimnisvoller.
wird,
in
case,
either
That
body,
its
In
(libidinal)
the
other
Philosophen
und nächste
productive
vision:
Seele'
haben - vielleicht
supersensuous
beyond
well
anything
enticing
die
from
this
a two-world
philosophers
daß 'die
ein
largely
regardless
16.
conceptuality.
about
an
Platonism,
of
terminology)
body,
can overcome
of human consciousness
away
of
the
To think
has
in
of
tradition
terms
tempt
Platonism.
keep thinking
hinaus
extracted
and as only
Nietzsche
as originary
Kant's
in
a new thought
tradition
by the
in
or simply
to
able
is
schemas of
lebendig
body;
thematising
other
as separate
physiology
construed
subjectivity,
has had in
war,
are
by means of
t' god')
consciousness
which the
the
overlapping.
coincidentally
it
of
one of
possibility
or
so entirely
transformations
a body and the
traced
is
two sequences,
of
tempts
it
and the
'god'
becoming-conscious
it
because
is
the
Nietzsche
anymore
remote
consciousness`
theroatises
ideality
nothing
is
,
the
of
'highest
separated
is
terms
is
perpetual
the
This
in
there
from
concept
and as 'given'
and re-thought
if,
the
into
as ideal,
construes
origins
physiological
Idealisations
absolute
Platonism
which
über
lernen,
die
dem
an
Werdens wieder
den hinweg
und
der
Leib
scheint:
ist
Gedanke
ein erstaunlicherer
'the
that
"Assuming
which
philosophers
that
which
was
have
rightly
attractive,
even
more
furthest
and nearest
corporeal
again,
is
a more
it
is
followed.
It
is
becoming
aware
the
thought
attention
to
body
as
."
'- and
it
11,36
The
that
to
ridicules
set
such
auf
be asked
where
this
thread
question
rehearsed
here,
as Nietzsche
'tremendous
significance
on the
basis
that
means
After
Nietzsche
Magen als
seinen
einen
Gedanken als
assert
occurred
his
stomach
of
his
thoughts
by a god',
his
instincts
its
the
this
stomach:
means that
non-Platonic
to
as 'blown
evaluations
twilight...
but
understand
conceive
in
(KSA 11,36
"
a Nietzschean
character
1361,
-207-
seine
as a
as
as
WM/WPno. 659, t. m. )
thinking
physiological
by immersing
etwa
eingeblasen',
to
anyone
no
'ein-
"
his
Conversely,
fremden,
im Dämmern zu fassen...
to
is
forces.
Tätigkeit
even a divine
in
it
mode when he writes:
gegeben',
activity
of
to material
Gott
einem
has never
is
thought
Nietzsche
'von
'inspired',
this
of
and for
Wertschätzungen
strange,
stream
of
seine
"It
draws
primacy
aber
als
by
the
Magen zu verstehen:
Instinkte
leads
obliquely
inaudible
of
opposition
als
in-
thought
astonishing
einen göttlichen
seine
and
a tremendous
which
this
an oppositional
den Einfall,
entire
alive
into
the
in
becomes
the
leading
as becoming,
thinking
which
more
the
transformations.
material
upon
even
C' Along
now rethought
rethought
is
perhaps
Leibes"
enter
is
for
to
immeasurable
is
is
to
body,
it
from
WM/WP no. 659, t. m. ).
des
have
will
conduit
human
1351,
possible
everything
"Niemand kam je
all
"Am Leitfaden
as perpetual
Nietzsche
(KSA
becoming'.
for
body
the
legitimate
substitute
the
of
longer
to
flow:
to
thread
becoming
-
of
entitled
everything
reluctantly
out
is
becoming,
only
and
note
that
leave
over
This
precisely
taken
which,
' soul'
organic
thought
becoming
old
all
mysterious
organic
of
the
the
and
past
appears
of
an attractive
"
The
than
if
'Seele'.
mysterious.
through
body'
alte
now learning
are
audible
kam:,
soul'
they
stream
die
als
itself
in
the
must
'tremendous
inaudible
the Zarathustrian
is guaranteed.
14])
(KSA 11,37
attendant
danger
of
submerging,
'down-going'
might
become a 'going
any certainty
Nietzsche
plays
on this
to
my mind,
by the
reference
to
finale
it
she leads
and Theseus,
In
untameable
beast
complexity
this
note,
and in
particular
suffices
to
remember
that
the
labyrinth
of
way he escapes
the
danger
which
threatens
devour
him,
according
to
a Platonistic
the
emergence
A later
account
of
of course
be found
in
what
parable
the
in
book VII
ignorance,
have
would
helpful
light
Plato
safety
is
always
no doubt
prisoners
debarred
of
As against
only
understood
any freedom
'truth'
the labyrinth,
the
which
are
guide,
to
the
rule
and confusion
can
of
Platonism,
the
case,
those
exposed
light
of
over
given
sense,
an aggravated
-208-
fable
and
myth
or so
Instead,
this
of
a mangled
of his
benign
emergence
and broken
body.
dungeon
be the
to
to
aspirations
lie
which
Nietzsche
cave,
beyond
are
or
into
But how much more are
which
aspirations
the
into
led
nothing
by their
of
text
innocently
and desires.
all
broadest
is
inmates
movement
ascensional
in
back
on the
needs
of
is
there
poor
a
much as ' untamed'
In either
danger
trajectory.
and 'god',
these
of enlightenment
into
bodily
the
Ariadne
of
Minotaur,
the
of
darkness
central
Politeis.
by a benign
fact
possible
the
and
confusion
actual
man from
of
of
myth
thinking'e.
possibly
ascensional
their
from
'knowledge',
in
this
about
is
and security
But
it.
consume a body not
to
obscure
by means of a leading
this
to
the
note
his
of
by its
in
from
another
enormous
of reason,
knowledge,
end of
the
threaten
to darkness,
the
into
one
to
re-emergence
entering
desires
cave
the
which
akin
texts
unconscious
of
17) is
under'
central
him out
(Leitfaden).
thread
theme at
(in
the
of
Ariadne,
is
drowning
of
that
This
of
Without
project.
displayed
washed away by it.
without
which,
physiological
wild,
being
at
a labyrinth
into
being led
it
of
its
with
immersion,
the
risk
even
stream',
the
those
they
'light',
cave?
of any project
to
tempt
thinking
from
away
light
and
seeks
the
and
certainty
obscurity,
Nietzsche
der
Psychologen:
Art
der
"Hauptirrtum
niedere
eine
unserem
an sich
the
maelstrom
How a Platonistic
body.
the
names
a greater
into
truth,
indicates
sie
entfernt
vollkommen
klar
sein.
"Principal
error
the
of
representation
be a lower
distinct:
but
what
the
becomes
therefore
is
Becoming-obscure
(KSA 12,5 ( 551,
an Helligkeit
dieser
in Hinsicht
auf
increases
simplified
will...
"
of
notes:
die
undeutliche
Vorstellung
helle
from
therefore
the
of
gerechnet:
dunkel
ist
take
he
which
against
aber
kann
wird,
als
was aus
deshalb
Sache der Bewußtseins-
the
representation
indistinct
calculated
as against
our
consciousness
and
itself
be perfectly
clear.
perspective
of
glauben,
das
sei
"
consciousness.
(KSA 12,5
das
hellste
Ranges.
is
this
is
the
C681,
im Maße es
Bewußtsein,
das
Indessen
-
das am meisten
grow
the
thinking
is
value
determined?
useful
value:
of
the
first
"
the
degree
consciousness,
The most superficial,
as regards
ist
However -
rank.
WM/WP no. 527, t. m. , my omission'
-209-
to
most lucid
the
ist
Denken
nützliche...
in
most
wonach
vereinfachteste
consciousness,
to
coldest
Bewußtsein,
believe
philosophers,
lucidity,
thinking
ersten
des Willens
Auslösung
to what
Werte:
im
Das oberflächlichste,
like
in
Philosophen
Denken
the most logical,
according
following
they
itself
wachse
bestimmt?
"Physiologists,
it
the
Das Dunkelwerden
can
die
wie
kälteste
Wert
prejudices
deshalb
und
kind
a matter
zunimmt,
logischste
its
of
WM/WP no. 528, t. m. )
Physiologen,
"Die
indulges
die
gegen
removes
obscure,
site
in
psychologists
to
the
nehmen
Vorstellung
sich
perspektive.
becoming,
thinking
Bewußtsein
"
of
release
9)
.
most
of
the
Critique
III.
as yEraaoA
have
I hope to
the living
the
nor
is conveniently
most
sense to
substrate
as
passive
object
of
multiplicities
the
of
intact
lies
soul
scientific
mechanical
neither
temporarily
a self-possessed
agent,
probing,
causality
reams
becoming,
which
and adjacent
surface
of
of
the
it
is
Again,
completely
any
worth
It
must
is.
A body
is
the
attentions
simply
escapes
a stationary
the
Analogies
thematisation
of
the
pages
of
biology
textbooks
mere
glimpses,
mere
shreds
swarming
across
the
processes
take
place
are
mumblings
rich
of
his
between
multitude
physiological
not
is
thus
that
engaged
merely
in
ormation.
be stressed
prior
to
more
fundamentally,
the
across
with
stability
is
Its
that
an organism
-210-
the
intentional
the
very
of
sphere
systems
or
of
physiology.
It
outside'
and
is
thus
only
of
a relative
a form
of
becoming
is
concept
(of
exchange
division.
inside-outside
'the
economies
the
in
involved
outside
or
in
inappropriate
continually
cut
ongoing
but,
agency
entirely
these
that
emphasising
is
and energy)
transf
simply
it
particular
organism
undergoing
never
earth21.
of intentionality
already
take
rest,
spontaneously,
of
would
at
Platonistic
rest.
body'
never
captured
make
'a
is
in
it
promise
phantom,
of
does
faithfully
that
dreams
to
coherence
may come to
unity
for
sour
the
imaginary
search
is
and caricatures
that
Nor
one.
would
What
of
-
never
a unitary
which
Kant
as
is
of
coordinates
stable
a body
such
nature.
of
is
physiology
of
constriction
where
the
while
Of course,
of Experience.
point
these
exist,
observation,
always
to
according
dispersed
in
matter
2°
unthinkable
continually
living
idealist's
material
the
speak
to remain
control
Platonic
or
the
give
They do not
in the
Nietzschean
instrument
organised
to
A body -
place.
of
conceptuality.
rationalist
this
body
which
a 'body-thing'
nor again
the
in
sepulchre
buried,
that
shown
is
continually
without
A
anything
Plows
energy,
combining
everything
in
their
body is
never
liquids,
exchanges
gases,
greatest
unconscious
importance
because
is
Consciousness
base
too
short,
Interactive
too
to
formations,
waste
matter,
a wholly
circuitry
for
myriad
the
incept,
a
flows
new growths,
of
body.
matter,
A body
energy,
without
interactions
assured
too
limited
and too
and
regulate
the
a body
which
smooth
is
of
the
working.
unsure
itself,
of
infinitely
in
complicated
first
is
a
channels
interlacings
their
distinguish
reshaping
contracts,
guarantees
alone
releasing
different
their
these
of
sustain
that
variously
streams,
expands,
for
range
nature
it
is
sprouting
into
impoverished,
processes
interlacing
decomposes
out
it
flows,
other
grows,
holding
The
coincidence.
assimilating
perpetually
unconscious
or thought,
desire
but
becomes,
becoming-life.
leaving
path,
rest
at
the
at best
larger
into
that
pre-given
down,
breaking
matter
of
or
becomi ng-energy,
becoming-matter,
is
stable
substantial,
foremost
and
metabole.
As was hinted
particularly
because
with
rich
physiology
but
entity)
its
organism
in
with
complex
processes
breakdown
section,
a physiological
source
for
a Nietzschean
thinking
is
functioning.
are
the
this
is
simple
of
or
It
do
can
metabolic
to
decomposition,
during
This
of
This
is
to
say
of
is
clearly
-211-
substantial
with
its
structure
which
that
of
the
is
but
an
of
continually
The
technical
decomposition
organism,
are
broken
and a concomitant
an enhancement
from
in
it
dissimilation.
miniature
results
energy)
(as
processes
constituents
in
is
capabilities
of
or
which
an annihilation
a release
expenditure24.
by means
processes
smallest
occur29.
functional
the
a
becoming
material
of
not
potency),
among
'catabolism',
the
(its
is
register
a body
what
with
concerned
Foremost
ones,
energy
(due
not
undergoing
molecules,
down into
release
previous
what
and spontaneously
term for
the
marked
of
vital
a physiological
contrast
to
the
fear
Platonic-Christian
its
physical
of
alignment
'Metabolism'
literally
throw'.
The sum total
that
and
organisms
waste
material
other
than
understanding
of
pointed
as those
simply
the greatest
One of
of every
intrinsic
ongoing
to
it.
to
the
the
(critique
Nietzschean
without
a firm
is
into
This
view
of
therefore
which
physiology
Thus,
must
its
yet
without
accompanied
the
issues
the
and
into
own perpetual
their
an
overman
a physiological
on the
metabolic
as
the
chief
mode
to
say
that
according
to
in
Kant's
-212-
it.
phenomenon,
whatever
this
simultaneously
to
this
refers
and
'self'-identity
to
it.
version
the
and,
more
to
thinking
is
method of
immanent
critique
to
the
physiological
having
method
physiological
overcoming
which
oppositions
bluntly,
(metabolism)
the
powerful)
also
more
knowing
specific
tremendously
there
be
also
overcoming
or,
interiority
achieves
thinking
nothing
then,
of
becoming
it
of
is,
is
terms
to
register
(self-)overcoming
mode of
of x by x),
in
-'
with
focus
examined
the
death,
of
This
of
elimination
organism.
enter
even
features
energy,
more
living
are
(self-)
that
in
themselves
mode of
of
' bal lei n'
processes
decomposition
and
etc.
the
of
physiological
organism.
(potentially
conceptuality
living
overthrowing
ensues
the
What Nietzsche
revive
short,
dis-establishment
profoundly,
occur
in
important
come
verb
of
process
always
the
production
particular
occurrence,
and
growth,
types
there
'beyond',
in
physiological
it
a combination
result
enthusiasm,
from
still.
or,
from
that
this
'change'
stems
processes
s notion
most
with
moreover,
It
chemical
Nietzsche'
the
meaning
the
dissimulation,
transformation,
'metabole',
of
from
that
Greek
or
a perpetual
out
fear,
which
'over'
etc.,
decomposition
of
corruption
'overthrow'.
denoting
prefix
will
the
and accurately,
'metal,
processes
philosophy.
from
comes
the
of
and moral
Kant' s critical
dominates
that
and hatred
maintain
idealist
it.
This
that
means
structure
the
Platonistic
of
for
a
still
thinking
spirit
substantial
and
inactive
and simply
no longer
können
uns
anders
von
daran
uns
'Immateriellen'
uns
eine
between
sehr
outside,
characteristics
etc.,
are
have any productive
power:
denken.
feine
zu
Ganz
wie
haben
tot
wir
Unsere
Gegensätze
"We can think
Nothing
other
than
material.
too,
from
usw.
Aufgabe.
"
receive
us a much subtlised
nonetheless
they
have
overlooking
this
subtle
like
Just
By thus
breaking
the
divinity
whatever
'immanent
'immanent
It
is
critique'
the central
Of immanent critique,
prototype
in the trope
because the
of)
reason.
which
marks
of x by x'
is
for
(for
This
Kant)
is
in
and
become
speak
of
logical
and
und undie
abstractions,
the
used
deny.
to
'immaterial'.
illogical
etc.
To
13 ], m. t. )
can be liberated
matter
means
that
released
into
the
insofar
as
within
mode is
thereby
exists,
overcoming
intrinsic
to
the
as
as much
metabolic
(as
mode of
just
und vom
we perhaps
We have
wir
the
of
a revival
to
be
seen
can
notion
and method
function
as a
thinking.
lies
in
the
can always
him the
-
This
critique
obviously
ist
everything
that
be said
verlernen
Platonism.
mean the
to
logisch
which
dualism,
spirit
solche.
lebendig,
(KSA 10,1
"
physiological
'critique
phenomena are as such
faculties
to
so immanent
difference
rational
to
physiology)
of Nietzsches's
The crucial
task.
the
comes
also
of
alive,
physiological
according
here
and
eine
Thoughts
to
and
spirit-matter
this
in
therefore
feature
is
accorded
only
critique'
could
-
up the
thought
a materiality.
dead
Wir
materiality
materiality
oppositions
our
into
such
divided
we have
unlearn
as
und
sie
zu übersehn
und
haben.
Gedanken
die
Stofflichkeit
getrennt
logisch
Auch
Stofflichkeit,
verfeinerte
destoweniger
diese
inside
and
stofflich
gewöhnt,
reden.
those
as
accidental
als
nichts
ableugnen:
vielleicht
haben
Nichts
bekommen
Abstrakta
it.
such
and matter,
rendered
"Wir
Kant,
by
rehearsed
' founding
insofar
keeping
-213-
the
be equated
with
reason
mode'
as they
with
Kant
fact
only
the
'x'
for
that
are
of
all
phenomena.
by (the
constituted
Copernican
All
turn
and the
has
for
of reason
which
Kant
cannot question
itself
it
consequences
part
because it
In
conception
fully
the
charting
self-devaluation
values
devalue
themselves'
Cdie
[351,
WM/WPno. 2),
Nietzsche
other
Platonistic
investments,
force
for
all
But it
is
important
reason
process,
feeling
insofar
or
experience'.
as
it
its
value.
out.
In
this
the latter
emphasise
that
in
overcome
by anything
itself
in
will
to
the
of
weakens
as chief
explanatory
capable
of
of this
to
as
it,
such
precisely
it
overcomes
to
sustain
plays
itself
that
force,
trying
of
when
closely
very
procedure
as immanent
by reason
reason
them.
'grounding'
reason,
process
the
all
understanding
extrinsic
of
KSA 12,9
sich'
with
Kant's
overcoming
highest
together
to
In
reason.
'the
as rationalisation
power
to it.
reason,
Nietzsche's
very
follows
ground
entwerten
intrinsic
the
of
hitherto,
explanatory
significant
any
of
conceives
is
it
Nietzsche
regard,
that
no longer
how the
is
Werte
progressively
it
definitional
values
is
devalues
This
highest
reserve
is
loss
by that
reason
without
which
the
obersten
Rather,
had
ever
it
that
itself,
not
truth
emphasises
that
phenomena,
is
the
But
understanding.
diagnoses
of
phenomena as produced
become critique
to
will
the
to
all
as the
and thus
Nietzsche
this,
to
of
designates
question
cannot
contrast
the
critique.
But not
devalues)
overcoming
this
of
whereas
sense
the nature
privileged
secondary
it
of
and
show that
does Nietzsche
tin
itself
but
critique),
in it,
only
this
respect
x by x'
that
' x'
importance.
that
the
trope
'critique/
over
had
always
s model
to
in
This
the
it
becomes,
entire
term
if
movement
' trope'
-214-
derives
inscribed
be some form
of
thinking
is
that
wherein
by
x')
x
as trope
is
least
of
at
coincidental,
of
of
' reason'
of
not
is
' x'
whichever
a physiological
<' critique/overcoming
trope
the
when we remember
the
be said
could
this
' x'
repeats
Kant'
which
dominates
completely
Kant
for
in
a thinking
he develops
overcomes
reason
he simply
(and thereby
thought
from
turns
the
full
Greek
.
circle
to
rporr 4,,
In
turn,
turn,
and rp6Yroc,
"Alle
about
grossen
Dinge
gehen
der Selbstaufhebung:
so
notwendigen
"A11 great
things
zu Grunde,
durch
des
das
exceedingly
selbst
es
das
Gesetz
ground,
thus
the
law
of
in
the
nature
Lebens,
Lebens.
through
perish
life
it,
life.
of
Akt
Gesetz
der
through
an act
"
themselves,
wills
einen
the
law
"' (KSA 5,
the
of
GdM/GoM III,
t. m. )
or
self-overcoming,
things
overcome
critique,
through
which
precisely
to
great
degree
the
Critique
itself
to
they
participate
in
itself
insofar
as it
relinquishes
reason's
claim
to
thinking
in
which
complete
precedence
(chief
among
status)
and is
as
a physiological
in the mode of
thought
to
any
Hence Nietzsche'
life
instance,
superior
'ideal'
or
measured.
is
physiological
from
point
vantage
and
in
that
unlike
(such
terms
of
describes
this
are
great
essential
mode of
its
foundational
self-overcoming
anything
over
itself.
overcomes
does
as
' truth'
the
utterly
ist
kein
or
' god'
the
,
may be judged
life
which
up any
set
not
' immanent'
in
is
Platonism,
of
It
processes.
natural
how Nietzsche
to
it
ihr
zu
ihrem
We belong
access to
which
zum Charakter
Zugang
notwendig
and
things
and
nature
of
thinking:
gehören
keinen
or
it
as
thinking,
its
and
agency
reason)
This
when
even
s physiological
to
no way opposed
has
organism
ordinary
be stable,
them
life
mode of
Great
investments
reborn
fundamental
the
themselves.
which
overcomes
is
idealist
"Wir
is
im Wesen des
self-overcoming
Immanent
life.
Nietzsche
sich
to
go
of self-overcoming:
27,
life.
durch
will
'Selbstüberwindung'
necessary
mode of
when he writes:
this
explicit
manner,
other
durch
als
Wesen
the
der
zugehörig
character
than
of
through
das
Welt,
uns:
es
muß alles
the
us:
world,
all
-215-
Wir
Hohe
Niedrige
werden!
verstanden
there
that
is
haben
Zweifel!
is
und
an uns
"
no doubt!
high
low
and
We have no
in
us must
necessarily
M. t.
as belonging
be understood
its
"
nature!
(KSA 12,1
[89),
)
thinking
physiological
itself,
Hence
' our'
vice
versa.
It
is
to
very
movement
aspires
of
the
transformations
Because
(ideal)
physical
physiological
itself,
insofar
as
it
metabolism,
does
In this
is never
to
interrupted,
can never
life.
catch
It
and which begins
organic
opposition
to
Is strengthened
is
life
in
these
the
which
leading
thread
material
is
is
beyond
anything
'above'
or
'beyond'
it
sense
extrinsically.
and
perfectly:
becoming
the
to
brought
it
a stop,
always
'tremendous
which
a way of
thinking
-216-
refuses
is
which
and nor
which
a body
life;
a body
beyond
itself,
emulates
the
does not
itself
life.
because
the
which
called
stream
denigrating
its
still
inaudible
set
is
to stand
is
irretrievably
a thinking
that
nature
excessive,
so entirely
already
what
material
overcoming
thinking
a physiological
into
perpetual
life;
always
a
the
life
the
nature.
that
reasons
only
always
is,
Incorporates
word
back
turns
which
of
intrinsically
'itself'
and is
to
the
of
nature
meaning
or
Itself
listen
to
becoming'
give
it
halted
for
is
need
as does
up with
the
in
even
embodies
being,
is
A body
involved
and
a body
sense
and to submit
is
material
matter
rendering
not
it,
would structure
to
and which
life
highest
the
thinking
of
a merely
sense
in
as it
to
which
a
overcoming
in
superior
fullest
the
excessive
it
is
metabolism
and its
finds
material
the
in
itself.
Nietzsche
and above
thinking,
beyond
that
type
other
intrinsically
this
that
over
of
from
is
hand,
effect
world
metaphysics
on the
and has the
the
undergoes
The metabolic,
as
to
thinking
be inherently
of
clear
to
metaphysics
to
can be thought
belong
a fundamental,
metabolising,
from
thought
moreover,
the
move
Platonism.
something
bodies,
the
degree indicative
from
away
that
a perpetual
namely
of itself.
,
not
and
movement
perpetual
posits
' we'
to say that
This is
as is
to
of
body
all
in
Life
itself
self-overcoming
of
life
Life'
is promoted.
The great
always
to
appears,
gesture.
interiority.
the
cataclysmic
or
not
even
' itself'
appears
safe
and
is
what
waste
the
reason
when it
life
more
the human animal
that
occurs
to preserve,
has nothing
Death
radically
as
appears
alone
is
most
extreme
is
absolutely
as organisms
agents,
rush into
expenditure
necessity
joyously
without
that
-
is
and
necessary
The
The
safer
to
to
perish,
most
Life
' itself'
the
demand is
into
catastrophe
of
physiology".
interiority
of
age and for
entirely
spectre
To celebrate
reserve,
-217-
and
the
a race.
meaning
the
a godless
of
y,
something
imaginary
as
the
that
that
clear
a splendid
expenditure
ýº ysiolr
catastrophic.
certainty
in
through
realised
is
enclosed.
greatest
the
rational
.
the
be sacrificed
it
It
may be wasted.
must
is
the
it
it
And so
can be heard
excess
thought
of
release
mode of
profound
s originary
useless
of
as cells,
as
this
headlong
and to
embrace
its
Physio logy
IV. The Time of
One of the
issues
concerning
say that
there
the
namely
separated
these
production
to
produce
The
becomes
are
respective
thematises
the
subsumption
categories
in
turn.
But
given
in
the
Analytic
of
the
manifold
unified
a complex,
bipartite
in
Kant,
the
otherwise
and
synthesis
in
it
the
is
combination
is
in
beyond
Transcendental
that
knowledge
as a synthesised
This
understanding.
know
is
which
the
object
is
that
which
brings
and
'blind
intuitions'
brings
about
actually
these
an object
as distinct
is
it
elements,
merely
to
on the
claim
which
of
the
of
sources
object
thoughts'
that
fusion
of
to
Synthesis
'empty
judgements
expansive
of
a concept
place.
each
demonstrate
the
Kant
their
under
the
the
of
can
hence
through
objects
formation
merely
which
heterogeneous
a subject
first
Principles
this
of
in
of
that
result
the
integration
intuition
to
and how they
experience
of
to
according
makes possible
demonstration
show
integrated
of
needs
at
to
of
that
Kant
manifold
emergence
to
then,
intuition
(KrV/CPR A51, B75)27
him
chapter,
is
are
so radically
of
of an object
what
having
subject
that
together
But
the
In
produced
of
is
Deduction.
entity
founts
all,
be fused
is
different
deeply
can
of
progressive
the
is
advanced,
the
the
of
Critique
two
knowledge
basis
of
the
rethinking
first
these
possible,
say that,
kind
of
that
principle
the
the
details
for
necessary
Kant's
in
understanding.
and
material
of
knowledge
of
intuition
it
knowledge.
for
points
and qualitatively
two,
can be combined
starting
two separate
are
knowledge,
calls
important
most
the
that
which
(tautological)
analytical
'truths'.
But in
the shift
of
the fundamentally
accompanies this
perspective
different
shift,
undergo some radical
which
understanding
this
outline
transformations.
of
occurs
of
from
project
a philosophical
how objects
Among these
-218-
to Nietzsche
Kant
arise
there
will
are
and
which
naturally
two in
particular
formulation
of
critique.
The first
of
these
' so und
'"Der Glaube
soll
For Kant it
subject
in
in
are
a culture
within
which
power
are
recognised
for
what they
most
succinctly
as:
in
it
is'
to
of
course
to
a specific
Kanti. 3n
den Willen
are
produced
in
'god'
at
the
is
the
human
heart
the
impotent
the
' so und so
what
C'god',
modernised,
the ecstatic
in
Nietzsche
truth)
secularised
dimensions
The Platonic
the
are
as
remains
is
form
inherent
structures
in
that
the
where
subjects
constitution.
This
means that,
Kant
the
human subject
as
site
puts
subject
his
blind
unquestioned.
In
this
is
no more
as
knowledge
-219-
in
albeit
truly
firmly
is
sense
the
than
a
old
ideal
of
any of
a thoroughly
entirely
religious,
in
concern.
reason
the
it,
of
in
faith
In
nihilism.
and
central
the
long
of
and knowledge
aspects
remain
both
faculties
of
any
he
which
the
moreover,
which,
an
and
worshipped,
still
to
entities
incomplete
calls
relating
relation
two
of
possibility
' such
of
phenomenal
the
will
type
ground,
human
the
the
namely
particular
be named
highest
it
a subject
knowledge,
phenomenal
subject
the
of
this
into
t. )
m.
,
as distinct
can
of
of
In
sustainable
only
investment
symptom of
turn.
of
1 12 5)
a matter
model
their
as
knowledge
model
still
conceived
interplay
be transformed
(KSA 12,1
."
Copernican
their
place:
which lies
practice.
of
such
is
abandoned
But this
or idol
creation
verwandeln
become'
the
phenomena for
Kantian
of
zu
shal I
and object
knowledge
in its
supercession
the
es'
and
according
envisages
having
the
to
will
to chart
attempt
from
ist
so
."
'such
it
and such
objects
the
present
es werden'
"The belief
object
vigorous
the
thinking
describes
describes
Nietzsche
a task
the
of
productions
perpetual
are,
by
to
physiological
two points
knowledge
in
belief
interest
special
Nietzsche's
of
the emergence
of
are
which
place
devoid
sacrificial
as
long
as
does
critique
al-: -o encompass
not
Nietzsche
But we know that
things,
ground of all
entire
project
of
highest
forms
of
knowledge
relating
which gives
the
in
up
shown
Nietzsche'
an enfeebled
life-form
lost
simply
the
of
"..,
haben
dem Glauben
'Ding
an sich'
auch
das
weg,
irgend
anzusetzen,
diese
-
ein
noch von Kant
für Europa
in
christlichen
the
' I'
point
eine
sogar
das
'erkennt',
ist
absolute
fiction!
even full
of
aufgegebene
vorbereitet
hat
With
it
,a
sni ri t'
there
also
subject
this
-
of
knowing,
mythology,
gehabt.
-220-
des
dem Tode
"
as much as
of
a fiction,
the
compulsion
posit
in
but
equally
only
a
a something
' intelligence'
even entirely
' thing
fiction:
to
Plato
dem
mit
things
is
not
Geist'.
welche
mit
too,
any pure
die
Wissenschaft
alle
merely
auch
und die
knowing,
relative
away the
falls
is
das
das Erkennen
Mythologie,
Geist'
wie
auch
' absoluten
an impermissible
contradictions,
and consequently
which 'knows'
' absolute
denn
für
Subjekt
einen
ein
The ' thing'
knowledge.
only
unerlaubte
fällt
Damit
und dadurch auch die Fortentwicklung
Zeit
bedrohte,
ihre
hat
diese
Mythologie
nunmehr
"... we have renounced
in the knowability
the belief
in
It
eine
nur
und folglich
absolute
ein
Weise
ist
Das 'Ding'
'Intelligenz',
'Gott
to
required
ebensosehr
widerspruchsvolle
eine
gänzlich
Dinge
des Leibes
the belief
is
insignificance.
of
der
Erkennbarkeit
Leibes
itself'
that
flood:
the
verhängnisvoller
of
' what can I know? ' has
exuberance,
nur
Grund-Dogma
fantasy
all-pervasive
reine
is
relation,
impoverished
the
abgeschworen.
nicht
of
discourse
a great,
Fiktion!
eine
as that
forms
as the
sciences
bay
das
Etwas
The
it.
a quasi-identity
Erkennen,
ebenfalls
in
stability,
an die
Erkenntnis
to be the
the
of
reason:
claims
imaginary
against
an die
as it
an
of
at
knowledge.
philosophy
pathetic,
to
levee
Nötigung
the
as
` decentred`
hold
to question
these
been
makeshift
ist
to
because
another
relative,
underpinning
of
Nietzsche
to
aber
and
for
serves
Fiktion:
world,
meaning
which only
das
the
The question
instance
simply
mode',
is.
another
Fiktion,
'founding
it
is merely
to
human beings
that
has
dem Glauben
as the
s writings
question
wir
the
and of
to
this
pose
claims
as long
reason
world
metaphysical
all
its
and
does much more than
and demolishes
ridicules
he attacks,
reason
given
an
,
Kant,
by
up
which
Plato
death,
by means
science
of
body,
this
-
for
prepared
the
of
the
basic
body
and
hence
its
that
hurl
is
outcome.
Via
Nietzsches
was below
the
flimsy
effective
roar
which
unconscious
'cares`
as much for
'cares'
for
the
Finally,
the
the
concerns
is
to
of
aspect
unilinear,
with
the time-sequence
from
unidirectional
this
by
reductive
a line
off
in
it
so
to
ask
the
of
an ostensible
quest
for
knowledge,
a de-
self-sustaining
comparable
voyage
without
insensible
but
to
the
of
a body,
the
veins
it
all
the
organism
it
that
a deep,
touches
it
hugely
and which
pervades
as the
of
perspective
ocean
on it.
of
to
in
shift
that
the
production
case
the
former
or
the
of
will
to
Kant
accompanies
theorise
the
physiology
this
temporality
of
project:
power
of
and to
in
the
of
case
schematically.
(ch.
is
experience,
Ka:,,,
always
implication
time
of
it
of
before
of
that
what
with
somewhat
[ 15], m. t. >
from
is
the
of
again
by a subject
discussed
and
all
becomes
understanding
of
" (KSA 11,38
to
thinking
through
momentous
it
put
derived
compromises
futile
embarked
exuberance
transcendental
time
it
the
further
preserved
survival
seafarers
an object
As has been
of time
drift
philosophical
of
the latter,
and to
carries
respective
the
celebrate
flood
into
writings,
the
most
and Nietzsche's
knowledge
radically
is
blood
development
most
readily
of
the
threatened
a spirit',
s thinking
arrival,
coursing
is
time.
itself
most
dogma 'god
its
automatic,
or
and which
now had
surface
departure
manner,
to
de-humanised,
personalised,
fateful
also
nothing
saved,
in
Christian
Nietzsche'
to
readiness
nothing
has
mythology
What distinguishes
is
Europe
Kant
1, I, above),
on the
and
realises
The conception
unrepresentable.
strictly
hand,
other
irreversible.
conception
progressing
-221-
into
infinity"
implies
invariably
that
that
Kant
And hence
he
says
when
the
that
"we
(KrV/CPR
represent
A33, B50).
But by his
in
consciousness
the
namely
terms
which
they
contribute.
of
knowledge
this
hugely
it,
inner
Although
Kant
the
block
for
of
the
distinct
of
the
Transcendental
important
observation
this
and a blind
him
version
that
knowledge
lead
interplay
the
states
reason
stumbling
and
explicitly
of
to
his
over
of
the
to
itself,
schYm;ata
to
is
!, is
so,
investment
pass
theory
=:. ted
In
is
what
formation
of
faculties.
time
about
quickly
to
world
understanding
force
first
Vorstellungen...
Deduction
Kant
as he habitually
or,
der
gebracht
makes
to
refers
must
all
be...
is time which
knowledge)
says
'gives'
Furthermore,
the
als
in
solche
sind
Bedingung
des
innern
welcher
In
insgesamt...
sie
inner
of
inner
into
all
sense,
namely
our
(which
their
Kant
says
of as the
to,
that
A120, A123, B130, B152f
synthesis,
be determined
faculty
for
as
,
per
capacity
of
spontaneous
which
actus
be
justifiably
can
and as such
heterogeneity
productive
the
as the
se,
imagination
instance
-222-
is
(cf.
the
expression
also
when he states
KrV/CPR
that:
it
to become
can only
relation
which
that
time,
in
eventually
are
as in
time,
are
representations
finally
are
A98f, t. m. )
" (KrV/CPR
relations.
of
specifics
sense,
and as such
input.
a pre-conceptual
simply belongs
that
formalen
to
representations
although
by categorial
condition
brought
Here Kant clearly
der
und als
müssen. "
belong...
formal
the
unterworfen,
werden
representations...
to
doch
zuletzt
Zeit
Sinn,
zum innern
gehören...
Erkenntnisse
nämlich
subject
thought
of
of
the
Verhältnisse
unifies
the
articulates
project
the
unsere
Sinnes,
they
it
be repre,
sense:
"Unsere
"Our
cannot
the
through
on in
Early
which
categories
an enormous
potentially
in
transcendental
as
to
commitment
the all-pervasive
alle
forms
the
in
absolute
time
own admission,
of,
or
A118,
[ist)...
"Verknüpfung
Einbildungskraft,
das Produkt
eines
synthetischen
die
den inneren
Sinn
in
Ansehung
a synthetic
faculty
of
of
time.
Vermögens der
des Zeitverhältnisses
bestimmt. "
"Connection
is...
the
product
determines
inner
sense
as
equally,
albeit
of
the
regards
relation
imagination
which
"
(KrV/CPR
B233,
for
synthesis
to
t. m. )
But Kant
very
essentially
an unconscious
activity,
conscious,
he
remarks
when
in
conscious
of
it
or
11 ("
not...
werden oder nicht...
" KrV/CPR,
into
consideration
that
Kant
process,
"an
object
synthetic
given
Intuition
is
Mannigfaltige
einer
although
alle
Verbindung,
conceives
of)
"...
at
eine
the
Bewußtsein
"...
stand
this
Synthesis,
vereinigen
in
in
order
" KrV/CPR
Erkenntnis,
mich
Objekt
writes:
nicht
deren
weil
sich
nicht
not
just
the
Of the
ich
bloß
der jede
unter
zu werden,
das Mannigfaltige
the
manifold.
Kant
sondern
das
be termed
of the
process
zu erkennen,
in
that
can only
of
knowledge,
all
know an object,
but
under
become an object
for
me because
to
to
ist.
a
in
auf
Art,
andere
einem
wllrde. "
condition
order
Begriff
becoming-object
aller
um für
dessen
emerges
what
productive
Objekt
muß,
an objective
require
of
um ein
Anschauung stehen
und ohne diese
this
Bedingung
objektive
bedarf,
selbst
heart
of
in
the
synthesis
manifold
das,
thematises
possibility
the
ist
vereinigt
take
of a
(" Objekt
gradually
we further
product
concept
Anschauung
bewuß t
as the
whose
Kant
If
my
emphasis).
,
in
Transcendental
of
mögen uns ihrer
wir
that
is
we may become
connection,
an object
it
(conditions
all
be
becoming
of
of
B137, t, m. Kant' s own emphasis),
,
Deductions
capable
"...
B130, t. m.
gegebenen
allows
passing
...
"
unified.
implicitly,
much
synthesis,
the
manifold
(KrV/CPR 8138,
t. m.
Kant' s own emphasis)
,
would
not
-223-
unify
which
itself
one which
every
otherwise,
in
intuition
I myself
must
and without
a consciousness.
"
shows
that
although
synthesis
in
the
faculty
Deductions
he operates
temporality
which
This
and which
is
Kant calls
objects.
It
same
to
and
drastically
undermined
is
in
subservient
the
is obvious
that
he agrees
intrinsically
(inner
in
sense)
the formations
of
as such other
is itself
Kantian
merely
in
that time
time
is
to
'itself'
thinkable
of the non-Platonistic,
to power.
unconscious
In
this
flows
way it
that
of
knowledge
to
with
But
this
founding
is
as
but,
along
unlike
conception
to
matter
-224-
of
Kant,
the
the
This
on it.
Nietzsche
passes
for
finds
parameters
world
in
the
universe,
to
be submerged
for
available
the
of
medium
thinking
As for
Kant,
is
the
imposed
has become so within
possible
the
are
transcendental.
It
be represented
cannot
Nietzsche's
Instead,
an
with
time
becomes
heterogeneity
Since
metaphysics.
Kant,
which
power
no longer
is
as for
concepts
obviously
infused
a rational
concepts)
remains
WP no. 1067),
because,
post-metaphysical
bear
to
is
him it
becomes
as will
be deeply
the
of
it
is
when
short,
entities
latter
that
not
senses
relation
says
unknowable
and for
the
latter
these
time
of
the
problem.
'know'
that
temporality
of
(in
of
say
the
world
besides",
Kant
terms
the
nothing
of
to
of
and
project
a conceptual
beyond any
ambition
Nietzsche
-
consciousness
than
is
status
of
a pre-conceptual
which
s thought
be approached
can
reconsideration
unknowable.
Nietzsche'
conception
project
to
unified
the
the
his
which
the
distinct,
-
shown
nihilism,
the
the
power
incomplete
pre-conscious
although
to
has
or
characterisations
will
Nietzsche
an unconscious
Kantian
these
' objects'
between time
Transcendental
assaults
in
the
close
the
indiscriminately
ways
anchor,
in
pre-conceptual
the
to
or
the
into
of
very
of
integrated
of
formally
world
and
one
eternal
notion
perpetually
locate,
nonetheless
synthesises
me that
recurrence
("This
the
with
to
compelled
imagination,
of
progressively
seems to
feels
spontaneously
which
heterogeneity
Kant
as will
ride
the
It
becoming.
of
wave
it
how
move,
is
of thought
the
include
it
infinite.
Only
by conceiving
becoming
be affirmed.
created
and thus
of
prior
falsification
as without
whether
as simple
it
already
that
it
if
the
was capable
of
ceasing
exists
infinity
further
would have
to
to becoming,
immaterial.
it
If
(although
it
it
would
to
become,
we saw
just
now,
and
continues
to
of
time.
being
is
would
insofar
being
is
For
as
as
this
is
what
be otherwise,
But
nothing
does
such
not
or
eternal
a state
is
being
is
perpetually
merely
-225-
or
This
would
as much as time
must
as without
is
perhaps
more
accurate
to
have
done
otherwise
and
a thought
begun).
The
fact
the
material
have
principle
to
for
of
as
immutable
the
an empty
opposition
and finally
utterly
writes:
to
ultimately
permanent
fiction,
Nietzsche
Becoming
absolute
are
permanence
most
being
in
as
being,
say
turn
impossible.
cease,
ceasing
in
is
which
itself
of
there
as
cessation
coterminous)
can
be
end,
was capable
exist
become.
be
becoming
is
by
outside
be thought
also
cannot
permanent,
and
just
never
thought
meant
had to
of
Platonic-Christian
time
in
have
of becoming.
which
telos.
be suspended,
namely
cannot
must
begun
that
But
it
have
implies
become possible,
(for
as
since,
world
becoming.
as
so
proof of the
This
another
or
have
would
commence,
yet
cessation
primacy
make time
than
be
absolute
force
other
so
to
a creative
to
commencement,
has
of
lie
done
paradoxical
begun
would
of
si.; s
of mult: pý
time
the
way can
have
would
must
components.
it
power
even
outcome
Nietzsche
this
assumption
suppression
never
for
univer-se
Hence what Nietzsche
following
in
which
the
itself.
that
it
have
hence would
that
whose
and
thought
would
A time
be nothing
again
obviously
the
of
requires
in
time
to
must
how the
envisage
and inevitable
be observed
all
First
transform
necessary
which
to
possible
must perpetually
temporality
about
strands
becomes
be
Welt
die
"Hätte
Ziel,
ein
überhaupt
Wäre sie
hätte
fähig,
nur
Einen
'Seins',
so
Fähigkeit
des
Ende,
auch
also
mit
wäre
Endzustand
hat
und des Seins
world
had
a goal,
an unintended
final
state,
capable
all
it
it
a pausing
also
becoming
it
since
have
its
becoming
would
long
with
all
'spirit'.
The
fact
of
world
has no goal,
no
final
state,
1151,
WM/WP no. 1062, t. m. )
So far
we have
the
understands
perhaps
the
most
Nietzschean
carries
and yet
at
time
the formations
repeats
itself,
eternally
thought
one
and
which
it
in
conception
Platonic-Christian
turn,
And again
of
god.
reached.
is
But
linear
foremost
there
never
whence
only
is
is
only
is
-226-
force,
the
and
is
utterly
this
is
infinite
if
time
itself
capability
for
the
by recourse
to
the
which
namely
philosophical
the
Kantian
repetitions,
never
an infinity
an eternity,
one model
But
becoming.
time
if
be explained
of
Nietzsche
without
this
(KSA 11,36
Nietzsche
If
the
as does
former
for
all
thinking,
all
the
repeated,
derives
capable
creative
this
means
one
then
of
the
implication.
only
infinite,
unlike
whereas
at
"
Kant,
that
were
being.
as
fact
the
it
that
time
in
it
proves
of
lies
was for
for
'being',
with
incapable
of
If
if
as a becoming
are
keinen
there
'being',
of
all
which
Because
been
between
could
an infinitely
have
differences
time
Ziel,
If
affirmation
be asked:
force
an infinite
of new creations.
this
occur
kein
"
thinks
and
in
des
along
as
first
that
Tatsache
Die
an end,
unacceptable
wholly
must
new? This,
of
of
zu
come to
(representable)
least
linear,
time
längst
great
of
significant
Werden
of
as the
time
of
conception
to
committed
infinity
allem
reached.
A32, B47f).
KrV/CPR
instance
mit
capability
Nietzsche
that
seen
'Seins'
diese
this
and
eines
been
'spirit'
sein.
Werden
Welt
must
had
erreicht
ihrem
daß die
ist.
sie
allem
becoming-fixed,
and
ebenfalls
'Geiste'.
have
must
er
allem
unfähig
all
for
in
mit
Gäbe e5 für
sein.
Starrwerdens,
es wiederum
moment in
Kant (cf.
müßte
Werdens beweist,
eines
of
so
und
Denken,
allem
als
the
erreicht
Augenblick
'Geistes'
"If
e
Verharrens
eines
sie
müßte
Endzustand,
unbeabsichtigten
einen
so
maps perfectly
that
of
the
construct
which
on
could
alone
the
explain
miraculous
aspect
of
such
a cunceptic:,
the
ri of
world:
Wunder-Fähigkeit
die
",..
Welt,
Die
Lagen.
wenn
Schöpferkraft,
Immer noch
die
zu glauben,
daß
.
kein
auch
Neugestaltung
unendlichen
Gott
mehr,
unendlichen
Verwandlungs-Kraft
alte
religiöse
Denk-
irgendworin
doch
The
and arrangements.
divine
creative
still
the
for
capability
miracle
force,
Welt
religious
old
in
to believe
that
boundlessly
creative
new structuring
no
longer
a god,
of
the
"
god...
is
world
Sehnsucht
"
to
its
of
forms
be capable
transformation...
of
the
That
is
and
wishing,
a kind
of
like
the
loved,
infinite,
1151,
(KSA 11,36
is
of
thinking
Art
sei,..
infinite
manner
something
gleich
force
Das {5t
geliebten,
an
infinite
und
sein...
eine
dem alten
Formen
göttlichen
fdhig
Gotte
the
of
der
und Wunschweise,
die
if
world,
ihrer
doch
soll
der
unbegrenzt-schöpferischen
unendlichen,
the
zur
old
WM/WP no. 1062,
longing
t, m.
,
my
the
will
omissions)
But if,
conversely,
to power,
thought
are
the world
(and
agency as the
the thought
thought
'god'
the
of
three
the
metaphysical)
of eternal
Christian
will
and
to
force
power
demands
thought
is
not
hence
as
for
ways.
is
to
rendered
relapse
nihilism),
unavoidable.
This
if
and
force
the
and
articulation
the
infinite
the
-227-
which
'god',
thirdly,
Platonic-Christian
is
world
of
finite;
becomes
of
of
can be
on a notion
finite
a
is
the
of
interdependence
dependent
longer
no
redundant;
into
incomplete
recurrence
eternal
Firstly,
economy
its
the
mutual
infinite
the
utterly
Their
as a consequence
recurrence,
construct,
of
other.
becomes
time
symptom
a divine
of
assumption
of
of
conception
post-Platonistic
becomes
different
three
it,
sustain
a known
components
each
the
as is
force,
a finite
illegitimate
the
temporality
as self-productive
to
and
for
compass
world,
chief
least
at
time
prevents
necessitate
in
secondly,
this
the
a circular
the
same mutually
as
alone
ground
of
to say that
expressed
this
an
infinite
(non-
intrinsic
repetitions
Platonicas
an infinite
time,
model of an
if
extra-mundane
in
formulated,
of
elements
demands
ground,
of
each
a finite
these
three
However
articulations
the
their
entails
the
conception
of
temporality
time
be thought
as
repeating
itself
-
perhaps
as yet
(or
even
thousand
years
this
conception
one which
remains
essentially
Critique.
But
god
is
dead
and
sense
of
the
word,
jr,' so completely
intrinsically)
these
as circular
-,nd
this
thought
is
given
that
for
two
of
the
has
been
suppressed
in
favour
intact
up to
its
formulation
in
the
it
if
of
is,
to
cling
on the
parasitic
arg
of
if
even
incomprehensible,
time
relations
combination
thought
demands that
the fullest
force.
nothing
else,
on to
a notion
idol
old
is
as
first
in
an anachronism,
temporality
of
that
of
which
linearity
a simple
of time-"B.
It
might
be asked
perhaps
the
eternal
a characteristic
of
speak of
believe
in
souls"
("wir
any
and indeed
it
must,
an keine
is
soon as eternity
is
thought
from
'itself'
(and hence
suppressed.
This
the recurring
said that
which
in
Transcendental
with itself,
is
recurring
demonstrated
(141,
to
his
only
the
thought
the
its
to
is
as
say
which
becoming
produced
eternal
recurs
the
same,
as such
in
-228-
that
time
emergence
which
a synthetic
easily
can,
that
as
thereby
is
which
recurring
above)
is
again
of
the
same it
recurrence
of
Formen,
can
but
time,
is
is
be
even
may
and it
As Kant had already
infinitely.
as that
eternal
ewigen
time,
something
discussed
an infinity
of
in
as
do not
"we
(eternity)
time
of
of
components,
place
the
infinity
eternal
contradiction
formations
the
Werte,
ewigen
an attribute
in
eternal
seeming
recurring
the
values,
This
in
denounce
yet
one hand
forms,
m. t. ).
an
on the
when he writes
ewigen
that
can
instance
Begriffe,
that
theorisation
same and
eternal
ceaseless
that
Nietzsche
for
as
related
takes
Deduction),
is
the
realised
attach
as exempt
of
concepts,
KSA 11,38
when
sense
things,
other
glauben
be resolved
what
recurrence
eternal
ewigen Seelen"
in
of
objects
appears
(in
the
to be identical
temporality.
This
is
Nietzsche
what
exactly
of
he does not
that
difference
says
the
seek
same - with
drawing
way of
Another
of
an assumption
eternal
very
time,
in
difference
time
of
(self -)differing
opposite
identical`
and hence
emphasise
that
that
for
him
ein
effectively
between
as appearar, cc_ :n
a noumenal
an eternal
is
expressed
any
Platonistic
it
equates
difference.
In
addition,
of
' making-equal'
insofar
represses
be to
as
frequently
speaks
Kant)
thereby
the
same is
that
in
the
and hence
the
say
recurringn
former
it
is
the
perpetuation
of
conception
of
eternity
the
' eternal'
and
' self-
drawing
the
substrate.
it
is
of
to
(Gleichmachen)
to
attention
effect
important
the
fact
a spontaneous,
activity:
unconscious
"Alles
objects
which
case
for
(as
unimpor'int
would
(Ausglelchung),
or 'equalisation'
not
forms
in
Nietzsche
is
what
difference
whereas
the
is
the
out
behind
anything
he
does
Kant
assumes
when
the way
the
Denken,
Urteilen,
' Gleichsetzen'
dasselbe,
noch
als
früher
' Gleichmachen'
ein
,
Einverleibung
was die
Vergleichen
Wahrnehmen
der
hat
Voraussetzung
als
Das Gleichmachen
.
Materie
angeeigneten
Ist
die
Amöbe
as prerequisite
an
in
1st, "
"All
thinking,
judging,
'equating',
incorporation
M. t.
)
Again,
the
difference
the production
conception
and
it
is
(equalisation)
eternal
of
or even just
the accent
the
has
lies
to
whereas
distinguish
between
the
process
useful
to
think
of
equalisation,
'product'
(the
of
the
the
shifted
which Kant had glimpsed
same as
that
same).
eternal
it
is
recurrence
of
recurrence,
which
to
recurrence
from
Nietzsche's
as synthesis.
-229-
recurs
which
the
emphasises
process
of
of
process
object),
the
eternal
the
between
[651,
in
(an
product
the same as
(KSA 12,5
"
an amoeba.
into
distinction
Kant's
in
unnecessary
and
recurrence
the
matter
appropriated
is
Making-equal
a 'making-equal',
even earlier
the
comparing
as
perceiving
has
of
the
that
recurrence,
temporal
this
sheer
perpetual,
first
by
anchoring
it
of
and with
de-personalised
actus
the
faculty
in
the
reductive,
the
(to
us,
imaginary)
unity
apperception.
I
hope
to
have
indicated
that
process
from
constrictions
of
the foundation
of
knowledge
of
the
same.
As has already
the
adapt
demonstration
discussed
been
trope
central
of
into
of
of
of
the
weaving
temporal
aspects
into
discussion
the
encapsulates
the
repetition
a doubling
trace
this
of
wherein
'once
although
I would
Whenever
the
suggest
directly
occurrence
of
that
corresponds
repeats
(or
noch
to
itself
einmal,
'once
but
more'
which
-230-
the
of
can
to
trope
which
perfectly
excessive
this
is
would
be
wieder
eternal
added
the
occur
over
appears
a
rendered
advantage
And
einmal.
Wiederkehr),
(or
recurrence,
thought
a
self-differing
usually
Wiederkunft
retains
the
there
this
of
in
same formations
noch
will
eternal
itself
einmal,
the
comes to
one
the
to
the
power,
exceeds
of
be seen
mode of
chief
to
able
eternal
Nietzsche
x by x)
th.. ught
project
the
trope
has
he is
namely
which
which
up the
to
translates
the
that
but
('time')
of
takes
when it
of
which
transcendental
Similarly,
temporality,
'return')
agenly
as the
speaks
equivalent
secondly,
anthropocentric
of
which
as
it,
potentially
delirium
Unfortunately
itself.
German
'recurrence'
in
itself
Nietzsche
repeats
is
becoming
new conception
becoming
again',
of
will
there
that
thought
x).
but
an anthropocentric
(critique
x by
same time
this
above),
(overcoming
the
again.
III,
self-overcoming
or
and over
(sec.
a perpetual
life
or
cosmic
critique
to power
recurrence,
the
the
he stultifies
Nietzsche
synthesising
the
But at
imagination
of
temporal
of an unconscious,
recurrence
sy 11thesis
he grounds
in
release
an originary
of
he envisages
synthesis
of
process,
consequences,
productivity
Kant discovers
productive
in
devastating
much more
establish,
emerge as such.
he discovers
all,
to
attempted
(identities)
objects
which
section
spontaneous,
the unconscious,
through
this
what
To recapitulate
that
more
an
capturing
cif
as
that
in any such
occurrence
eternal
excess,
boundless,
eternally
undepleted.
particularly
acute
Welt
"The 'real
world',
however
been the
apparent
theory
the
' ideal
world'
world'
fact
truth,
the
'this
world',
world
and as such
is in
time,
matter,
of
is
dangerous
world
excessive
is
of
becoming,
note,
torn
of
the
becomes
one.
bisher
konzipiert
hat, -
sie
it,
conceived
(KSA 13, 11 [ 501,
- it
has always
WM/WP no. 566, t. m. )
that
the
that
which
is
ideal
harbours
the
As opposed
to
this
Platonism
conceives
fallen,
lesser
copy
of
the
immutable
ideal/real
world'
is
real
but
merely
and
etc.
not
becoming
to
and
changes,
and
all
the
war
"
einmal.
and which
of
implies
that
' real
ideal/real
'real
world'
is
is
it
highest
of
the
it
world
of
transformations
perpetual
as that
world,
in
because
apparent
because
the
the
which
has
suffer.
to
ways
in
' this
world,
between
open by the
contrary,
'this
is
and
time
of
time
and
oppositional
-231-
can
it
is
repeat
Only
becoming
of
which
drives
on the
thinking
the
in
becoming,
matter
only,
itself
founding
In
the
precisely
of
world.
only
that
world'
Platonism.
incapable
is
the
alone
fictions
idealist
motor
metabolic
this
which
world'
being
whereas
demolishes
capability
productive
the
Nietzsche
which
on the
that,
say
of
rift
translation
ideal,
to
this
any
the
produce
the
following
man sie
more. "
once
of
unctasiný
of
any
being,
transformations
condensed
is
problem
one has hitherto
important
most
devoid
auch
disintegration
have
minor
as the
such
because
temporality
can produce
(noch),
forms
undergoes
even
' more'
Lts
Platonism
subject
boasts
a way as to
is
dispens-tz
by
'this
fiction
which
which
noch
purity
physical
the
that
it
as conceived
as a mere
does not
One of
the
greatest
which matter
being,
world
of
that
immer
scheinbare
that
itself,
a note
wie
is
expends
seemingly
immer die
The two-world
it
in
Welt',
1 wahre
"Die
This
time
such
because
perpetual
hugely
this
this
move,
in
the
as
two
aspects
inherent
to
of
Platonism,
Is
healed once more.
several
millenia,
the physiological
material
becoming
After
thinking
Nietzschean
thinking
of a perpetually
mutating
fused
same, are
once
liberated
thinking
world's
becoming-body.
rehearsed
he terms
which
is
had denied
philosophy
the
th-- body of
the
relea5eý
by Nietzsche,
will
materiality,
to
power,
the
namely
more in
the
nearest,
again
into
that
richest
which
-232-
it
the
thinker
tide
of
the
economic
aspect
temporal
recurrence
phenomenon,
always
In
physiology.
and the
eternal
for
of
a ;.ý_t
of
in which
has been,
this
the
ti
on
Lqt roduc
thirty
1, Nearly
Olivier
his
in
Reboul
book
Nietzsche'
remark about
can be found
more references
Nietzsche
the
' Sgmtliche
Briefe'.
de Kant makes the following
critique
to
s response
in
Kant:
dont Nietzsche
le plus occupe...
est le philosophe
s'est
avec un
il
qu'
avast
prouve
qui
rencont re daps 1' auf eur des t roi s
sdrieux
de taille,
Critiques
un vis-a-vis
un penseur
en face duquel,
contre
fallait
lui
il
lequel
sans cesse se defenir
et se redefinir-,
un
il
ete
lui-meme
tout
ä fait
qui
n'
eut
pas
sans
"
philosophe
philosophe.
"Kant is the philosopher
himself
with
whom Nietzsche
the most...
occupied
that
he
had
which
proves
seriousness
a
met in the author
with
of the
Critiques
in the face of whom,
three
an opponent
of stature,
a thinker
it
define
to
was
necessary
whom,
and to redefine
against
oneself
have been
a philosopher
without
whom he could
ceaselessly,
not himself
he was. 11 (p. 7, m. t. )
the philosopher
"Kant
2. Heidegger'
entitled
(section
in
s remarks
vom Schönen.
'Kants
Lehre
in
which
he alleges
Kant's
notion
of
exactly
furthered
I would
like
Nietzsche',
misunderstands
have
judgements,
not
Der
15 of)
Ihre
Wille
Mißdeutung
that
Nietzsche
the
' without
durch
(like
als
Kunst,
Schopenhauer
Schopenhauer)
interest'
Nietzsche's
Macht
zur
und
utterly
aesthetic
of
as a reader
reputation
of Kant.
3. In this
context
Ansell-Pearson,
From Nihilism
mention
Overcoming
'Nietzsche's
entitled
to
also
to
in
(cf. bibliography),
Tragedy'
a recent
article
by Keith
Metaphysics:
Kant
and
of
which
he writes:
Nietzsche's
European
".., in terms of the history
philosophy,
of modern
task
both
and
principle
fundamental,
regarding
project
philosophical
be
to
is
examined
(will
to power and the revaluation
values)
of all
that
critique
Kant's
-a
the
backdrop
metaphysics
of
against
critique
of
up
Western
philosophy
has determined
the parameters
of modern
and nature
the
have
to
explored
to this day. Gilles
is the only thinker
Deleuze...
aims
the
and
nature
on
between Kant and Nietzsche
relation
- specifically
degree
sophistication.
of
'critique'
detail
some
in
of
with
and
any
between
the
that
relation
Once, however,
it is accepted
and acknowledged
in
thinking
Kant and Nietzsche
for
contemporary
is a crucial
one
'Chinaman
of
the
and
between Nietzsche
the relation
philosophy...
scholars
amongst
Kdnigsberg'
attention
focus
greater
be
the
much
of
will
the
been
hitherto
has
than
and commentators
philosophy
of Nietzsche's
case. " (p. 337)
As concerns
Ansell-Pearson,
two thinkers,
I am in
4. Gernot
U. Gabel.
und nordamerikanischer
s assessment
complete
Friedrich
of
the
relationship
between
these
agreement.
Nietzsche:
Hochschulschriften
-234-
Verzeichnis
westeuropgischer
1900 - 1980, cf.
bibliography.
ein
3,
5. Cf. chapter
title
6, Innumerable
10,
in
I explain
which
of
the
second
references
to
'physiology'
the
translating
footnote
part
especially
in
for
instance,
in
KSA vol. 6.
also,
towards the
end of
Nietzsche's
done, should
confirm
this.
7. It
is
in
the
Heideggerian
this
is
the
case.
Typical
statement
cf.
the
tradition
Kunst,
Nietzsche
Michel
Haar'
s article
papers
with
the
"Nihilism:
'Thus
Speaks
Physiology'").
9. Although
this
these different
on one
Platonism,
Thus,
for
nevertheless
profound.
Platonism
be understood
namely the
suppression
thinking,
and
emphasis.
I
connection
to
approach
this
10. Contrary
will
Wille
to
to
an article
which
(Richard
Brown,
astonishing
most
the
aspects
by
understands
of
the
weight
consequences
for
a philosophy
what
the
instance,
Heidegger'
concentrating
on the
as an effect
all
other
it
Jim
Urpeth
of
aspects
for
third
are
points,
a Platonistic
basis
on the
out
these
of
to
to
s response
of
pointing
lent
of
this
me this
to
from
the
differences
the
distaste
this
place
to
initial
Heidegger
shift
out
carry
such a comparison,
between
Nietzsche's
displays
for
of
it
any materialist
in
emphasis
' materialist'
their
respective
Platonism.
to
power
zur
and
it
states
temporality
not
read
marked
to issue
responses to
is
study
and the
thought,
to
Nietzsche
Heidegger.
would be possible
thinking
of
am grateful
with
Although
as
the
a question
merely
of
cf.
I
self-evident.
perfectly
level
Nietzsche,
physiology
One of
never
and the
find
ever
that
"Heidegger
can
Nietzschean
it
als
entitled
one
of
that
was
aspects
can
issue
is
this
is
Exceedingly
bibliography),
deals
if
is
Macht
of
as
it
zur
collection
'physiology',
if
Wille
four.
writing
index,
his
chapter
of
frequency
s own
8 in
piece
in
Heidegger'
purportedly
of that
increase
KSA but
firstly,
note
(cf.
of
include,
in
Nihilism
7-13
examples
Art'"
Canadian
volumes
interpretation
Der
way.
throughout
Nietzsche
of
8. In a recent
in this
of
'Physiology
also
for
Critique
A subject
also
Cf
of
life.
writing
and
bibliography.
Rhetoric
These
in
bibliography,
Nietzschean
Nachlaß,
issue
of
third
can be found
s oeuvre,
GD/TI,
the
of
Nietzsche'
the
my reasons
Macht
in
the
the
als
unfounded
scandalously
history
Erkenntnis,
of
Western
Nietzsche
-235-
claims
metaphysics
II,
cf.
about
the
Heidegger
bibliography.
position
makes
of
the
in
Der
Kiossowski
Pierre
As
11.
it
puts
in
Nietzsche
le
et
cercle
(cf.
vicleux
bibliograhy):
tat
du
fortuit:
il
resul
est
"Le corps
n' est rien
de
que le lieu
d' impulsions
d'un
individudes
ensemble
pour cet Intervalle
rencontre
que
lesquelles
n' espirent
forme une vie humaine,
qu' d se ddsindi
viduer. "
it
is nothing
of chance:
but the site
"The body is the result
for the
impulses,
individuated
for
of
a
group
this
of
interval
encounter
which
don't
to anything
which
but to de-individuate
forms a human life,
aspire
" (p. 52f,
M. t. )
themselves
le
12. This
notion
Heidegger
(Sein
of
und Zeit),
Nietzsche
Difference,
is
repetition
famous
the
in
that
emergence
of
Man from
his
self-induced
Menschen
aus
seiner
14. It
might
Kant's
p. 53,
Nietzsche
if
still
has
succeeded
in
have
The
answer
would
the
terms
laid
to
do so
without
subscribing
reason
which
informs
his
is
lies
primacy
15. Perhaps
of
this
about Nietzsche
in
what
Der
is
is
and revealing
in the
'Enlightenment
dissertation
why this
in
possible
of
Kant
the
ist
der
Unmündigkeit",
Kant
is perfectly
which
("Aufklärung
system-buiding.
read
work
et
with
immaturity'
philosophical
to
the
vol.
XI
t. m. ).
framework
categorial
in
cf. bibliography.
selbstverschuldeten
be asked
perhaps
(Repetition
',
answered
Werkausgabe,
Deleuze
Enlightenment?
'What
of the
of
formulation
question
Ausgang des
prominent
programmatic
the
is
hugely
course
Philosophie),
and
in
13. As witnessed
and
of
Wille
behind
zur
down by his
als
it
is
but
system
the
all
absolute
useful
it
that
belief
texts.
Heidegger's
Macht
to
devaluing
be that
to
with
concerned
comment
somewhat cryptic
Kunst,
I
Nietzsche
(p. 17):
immer
ist
hat,
"'Was Nietzsche
Schaffens
veröffentlicht
selbst
seines
zeit
"
'Nachlaß'
zurück.
bleibt
Vordergrund...
als
Philosophie
Die eigentliche
life
always
was
his
"What Nietzsche
during
creative
himself
published
behind
posthumous,
left
as
foreground...
His philosophy
was
proper
unpublished
work.
"
CHAPTERONE
1. For clarification
the syllogism
how to
of
as rendered
here,
read
cf.
the
proof
Heidegger
of
this
Analogy
Die Frage
in
terms
of
Ding
dem
nach
p. 181, cf. bibliography.
incidentally,
ple
is
not
Bergson
by
made
entirely
appropriate
-236-
in
quite
simply
context.
a different
because
the
operation
at
the heart
imputation
the
of
into
is here translated
the
momentum of
is
which
the
not
not
necessary
here
to
is
their
than
purely
symptomatic
reconsideration
the
course
scientific
restrictive
sense)
case in
But
those
point.
texts
move.
6. As does
Heidegger
especially
in
the
84, cf.
reference
7. Despite
the
immortality
revive
of
a branch
of
theology
of
'proof'
t
the
soul,
at
to
long
is
to
prepare
the
of
the
in
nature
of
be they
writings,
be found;
is
which
of
metaphysics,
the
history
of
Western
Kant
das
und
the
bibliography,
the
der
(in
this
writings
is
that
be a
to
in
der
is
Die
Grundlegung.
Synthesis',
ontologischen
say
Metaphysik,
der
Stadium
would
Kant's
philosophy,
Problem
dritte
'Das
Wesenseinheit
for
ground
philosophical,
not
de Sade's
tradition
der
the
within
Paralogisms.
other
can
least
since
terms
required
if
do so would
moments
entitled
says
proof
inevitable
certain
section
in
is
of
throughout
Kant
loss
some of
a reading
that
the
within
the
of
status
Only
losing
structures
the
a conception
in
what
demonstrate
constitute
an original
Möglichkeit
the
theological,
which
innere
into
case
literary,
or
enter
to
recognition.
of
all.
to
to ob; ect
this
at
aspirations
beyond
the subsequent
5. It
to
of substance
thereby
though,
be given
other
desiccated
Phaedo in
By definition,
to
seeks
concept
concept,
are
of
mean nothing
an empirical
argument.
Phaedo
terms
in
a priori
examples
clarificatory
4. It
the
of
pp. 65-
below)
in
Deduction
B:
Verbindung
der
vorherBegriffen
vor allen
a priori
Kategorien
denn
Einheit...
der
alle
Kategorie
geht,
etwa jene
ist
diesen
in
Urteilen,
aber
in
Funktionen
logische
gründen sich
auf
Die
Begriffe
gedacht.
Einheit
schon Verbindung,
gegebener
mithin
diese
Also
wir
Kategorie
müssen
Verbindung
voraus.
setzt
also
schon
demjenigen,
was
in
Einheit
höher
[ich
denke]
nämlich
suchen,
noch
...
"
den Grund der Einheit...
selbst
enthält.
is
at
not
connection,
"This
of
concepts
all
priori
a
unity
precedes
which
logical
in
grounded
are
for
that
categories
all
all
category
of unity...
given
of
thus
unity
and
functions
but in these
in Judgements,
connection,
presupposes
already
the
Thus
thought.
category
is already
concepts,
higher,
think)
even
(I
this
Thus we have to seek
unity
conection.
...
"Diese
Einheit,
ist
nicht
die
the
namely in that which itself
contains
B131, t. m. my omissions
insertion)
and
,
Far from
threatening
his contention
judgements,
,
-ý
that
but
Nought"
in
is
my argument
"all
these
categories
connection,
so utterly
here,
are
and
unfounded,
-237-
of unity....
ground
that
I believe
grounded
thus
it
in
unity
the
logical
of
inadvertently
given
"(KrV/CPR
latter
of
part
functions
in
concepts,
is
under'. 'ites
te
to
that
point
to
unity
attribute
transcendental
apperception
is
illegitimate.
CHAPTERTWO
1. 'Tumultuous'
2. In fact,
turbulent;
by
prompted
perhaps
the
he praises
project,
philosophical
or
- riotous
L<
tumere
realisation
of
Hume in
- to swell
the
magnitude
hyperbolic
rather
up.
of
terms
his
own
when he
writes:
dem Entstehen
der Metaphysik...
hat sich
keine
Begebenheit
seit
die
Ansehung
in
des
Schicksals
dieser
Wissenschaft
hätte
zugetragen,
können,
den David Hume auf
werden
als der Angriff,
entscheidender
dieselbe
machte. "
the emergence
"... since
has taken
of metaphysics...
no event
place which
in regard
to the fate
than
could have been more decisive
of this
science
Hume made on it. " (Prol/P
David
the attack
257, t. m. )
which
"...
For without
this
Hume's
indispensable
3. Nietzsche
of
point
repeatedly
circuits
the
instance
when he says:
very
the
work,
implication
of
critique
would
of
argument
because
not
have
had
departure.
type
this
ridicules
process
is,
thinking
than
rather
to
contribute
it
short-
to
it,
for
'wie
Frage
die
sind
Kant.
stellte:
alte
sich
einmal
welcher
_..,
Er
'
Urteile
mit
endlich,
synthetische
antwortete
möglich?
a priori
"
dazu'.
Vermögen
'durch
deutschem
Tiefsinn:
wunderbarem
ein
how
'
"... old Kant...
himself:
synthetic
to
are
the
question
who once posed
German
finally,
judgements
wonderful
'
He
with
a priori
answered
possible?
t.,
1
107
11,30
my
"
(KSA
m.
for
them'.
'through
faculty
profundity:
a
,
Omissions).
"...
der
4. As concerns
appearance,
(chapter
the
Richard
i. IV.
the following
second
distinction,
E. Aquila
"Objects
in
his
namely
book
and Appearances",
that
on the
p. 26,
between
object
Transcendental
cf.
and
Deduction
makes
bibliography),
remarks:
"...
the apprehension
of objective
appearances...
realities"
as objective
reality
involves
the
apprehension
and:
having
rom
need
not
been
actually
to
be supposed
identified
possess
-238-
as objectively
their
being
of
any
real,
own..
of
this
5, For instance,
that
of
object
full-grown
a
oak
tree
in
that
object
it,
approach
whereas
6. Heidegger,
in
bibliography),
asks
what
Nietzsche
Holzwege deal
with
this
point).
will
to
which
posits
this
time,
entirely
power
depends
metaphysics
thinking.
itself
that
An example
Heidegger
when
'Gott
tot'"
writes
ist
with
the
the
'history
Nietzsche's
entirely
course
of
that
is
the
But
by
agree
it
with.
of metaphysics'
the
his
of
perform
a number of
and
which
at
worst
utterly
from
the
latter
Nietzsche'
I
which,
(pp, 222-228
conclusion
has to
of
to
in years.
Holzwege (cf.
writings
s understanding
of
in
wh ich
interpretation
of
seem to be
Nietzsche's
misrepresent
scale
so
position
moves which
the
end of
speed
by 'value'
at
the
the
in
I
in
of grass
of
a reading
of
of a blade
same change
understands
He arrives
to
disingenuous
because
the
Wort
on according
size
undergoes
values,
Heidegger
the
minutes
s own account
completes
these writings,
best
at
"Nietzsches
Heidegger'
from
grows
seems to me to occ ur
becoming:
Übergang
den
'"Werden'
jene Bewegung und
meint
von etwas zu etwas,
die Leibniz
Bewegtheit,
in der Monadologie
(911)
die changements
naturels
d. h. das ens percipiens
nennt, die das ens qua ens,
et appetens
durchwaltet.
"
"'Becoming'
from something
to something,
that
means the transition
in the
Leibniz
movement and turbulence
calls
changements
naturels
which
Monadology
(§11),
through
the ens qua ens, i. e. the ens
which
range
" (Holzwege
percipiens
et appetens.
op. cit. p. 226, m. t. )
As a comment
Firstly,
the
transformations
"from something
world thought
this
on Nietzsche
to
as
becoming
(will
without
thoroughly
to
power)
the
rather
to
will
is
there
power
power
no
a 'something'
with
this
problematising
and to
that
is
proximity
that
reiterates
'something'
(and
reasons.
not
emphatically
most
are
incessantly
Nietzsche
something".
will
to
of
seems
two
for
crass
dann
the
align
beings)
means with
downright
in
misleading:
das Werden
weil
darf
Überhaupt
Seiendes
zulassen,
man
nichts
...
erscheint.
überflüssig
seinen Wert verliert
und
als sinnlos
und geradezu
loses
becoming
then
"... one must not admit
because
being
all,
at
any
13,11
(KSA
"
luous.
its value and appears
and superf
downright
meaningless
1721, WM/WP no. 708, t.
m. )
Equally
if it
misleading,
was the
The following
secondly,
Monadology
is
taken
which
from
the
is
to
inspired
very
mention
Leibniz
Nietzsche'
note
in
s conception
which
with
this
Heidegger
context,
as
of becoming.
focuses
his
essay:
Einheiten,
letzten
ine
dauerhaften
!
von uns hineingelegt.
! sende'
erst
-239-
"
...
keine
Monaden:
hier
auch
"
durable
ultimate
unities,
"There are no
no
monads: here too
...
by
"
(KSA
13,11
imported
1731, WM/WPno. 715, t.
first
us.
is
m. )
is
riddled
with
such,
and worse,
this
essay,
' Heidegger'
s Nietzsche'
a nuanced
thinker
into
the
intellectual
was the
first
point
out
this
essay
This entire
1943, the year
turned from
of
'a
being,
falsifications.
By
had mysteriously
equivalent
of a fascist
thug.
7. Heidegger
Nietzsche
c. f.
writings,
for
'preservation'
to
I.
As is
economy
known,
well
phenomena
of
exhaustion
these
points
with
in
Nietzsche's
he focused
and
on the
terms
'enhancement'
for
those
in
"Plato
of
expendi t ure.
8. Deleuze
elaborates
Simulacrum",
cf.
9. This
must
be done
dream of
a benign
and
innocent
brought
on by a corrupt
society
and its
benevolent
reign.
Where
he deems
this
necessary,
demarcate
his
own thought
from
that
of
fails
to
the following
great
subtlety
and the
bibliography.
selection
lapsing
without
of
into
some puerile,
nature
which
would
it
were
only
if
heal
quasi-Rousseauian
the
all
possible
Rousseau,
to
evils
return
to
it
Nietzsche
never
for
instance
cf.
remarks:
der
leiden
"Die Art Mensch,
Mundstück
ich bin:
deren
an
nicht
wir
...
und
Rousseau
'Verderbnis',
sehnen uns nicht
von
wir sind
sehr verschieden
Naturmenschen'"
nach dem 'guten
from
do
"The kind of human being
I
suffer
not
am:.. we
whose mouthpiece
for
the
long
do
'depravity',
from
Rousseau
different
not
and
we are very
)
1good human being
1461
12,7
(KSA
of nature'
-"
,Lt.
in
Canaille
Idealist
"Rousseau,
Mensch',
dieser
'moderne
und
typische
die
das
Wesen,
Einer Person,
Zweiten
des
Erste
ein
das
willen,
um
und
aushatte,
'moralische
selber
sich
Würde'
deren
Attitüde
um
ni$tig
und
Eitelkeit
zügelloser
und
krank
zuhalten,
zügelloser
vor
zugleich
Schwelle
die
unserer
Selbstverachtung:
Mißgeburt,
an
diese
sich
welche
wohin
Natur'
gepredigt
'Rückkehr
Zeit
die
hat
neuen
hat,
zur
gelagert
"
Natur'...
'Rückkehr
zur
ich
Auch
wollte
von
rede
er eigentlich
zurück?
in
idealist
"Rousseau,
and canaille
human being',
'modern
this
typical
had
that
being
the
a
for
the
second,
one person,
first
the
of
sake
and
with
itself,
sick
to
stand
need of ' moral
dignity'
gesture
and its
this
self-contempt:
time
unbridled
the
unbridled
same
vanity
and at
time,
preached
homunculus, which has settled
new
our
of
at the threshold
I
too
tor?
to
the 'return
return
he
want
did
to nature' ... where
really
)
t.
1,
talk of 'return
1116
12,9
m.
to nature' ... 11(KSA
`RÜckkehr
Sinne
verstanden
im
umgekehrten
immer
entschiedener
zur
"
Oper!
der
als es Rousseau verstand.
Weg vom Idyll
und
sense
the
in
opposite
"'Return
decisively
understood
to nature'
ever more
12,9
"
(KSA
idyl
opera!
from which Rousseau
and
from
Away
it.
understood
WP no. 117, t. m. )
Natur'
-240-
Jahrhundert
das
18.
Kampf
Rousseaus; gegen
gegen
"Mein
seine 'Natur'
Menschen'
Glauben
'
seinen
die
guten
Herrschaft
an
seinen
,
des GefUhls
Schwächung,
Verweichlichung,
die
Vermoralisierung
gegen
des Menschen: e: n
Haß
dem
das
gegen die aristokratische
aus
Ideal,
Cultur geboren ist
d
;:
r.
der
Herrschaft
die
Ressentiments-GeftUhle
zügellosen
in praxi
ist...
"
the eighteenth
human being',
against
"My struggle
'good
his
'nature',
of Rousseau,
his
against
in the dominance
of feeling
of human being:
an ideal
century
his belief
weakening,
softening,
moralisation
against
against
aristocratic
that is born of hatred
culture
invent -f eel ings...
of unbridled
ressent
the dominance
WM/WPno. 102 1, t. m. )
clearly
demonstrate
a re-thinking
of
These quotes
in
involved
the
Rousseau because
and need
above).
for
(cf.
values
instance
is
Rousseau
for
that
Nietzsche,
the
'natural,,
which
inform
the
first
the
eighteenth
him
in
whilst
brooks
the
is in praxi
and that
" (KSA 12,10 121,
no comparison
latter
italicised
a sense
with
are
still
those
of
the
second
decadent
par
Nietzsche
and
part
century's
lack
of
quote
excellence.
discussion
For an in-depth
but
one
which
is
in the thought
of
each
of
Rousseau,
respective
(cf.
bibliography).
and other
characterisation
comments, so
that
there
is
speak,
Nietzsche
"Eine Lehre,...
lehre zu sein:
these
undoubtedly
the
these
considerably
relation
in
from
the
sense
and modality,
the understanding.
dynamic categories
are
represent A+4on of
ate
are
There
surface
such
Nevertheless
of
these
I
think
the
domain
durchaus keine
"
Glück.
sie
Glücks-
beyond
comments
braucht
der Werte...
bringt
auslöst,
...
is
in
investigates.
not
relation
which
the
in
is
by themselves
of
are
dynamic
the
course
groups
context
sufficient
not
other,
is
-241-
to
constitutive
already
of
present
13,11
differ
categories,
of their
by 'regulative'
meant
they
be
a
all
at
not
need
..
"(KSA
happiness.
brings
it
does of
regulative
regulative
what
an object,
the
hermeneutic
Ansell-Pearson
Rouseau
Nietzsche,
a
case.
their
remarks:
reason
which
of
simplistic
to
transvaluation
values.
of
a
...
force,
eudaemonism:
in that
it
releases
...
138], WM/WP no. 1022,
t. m.
omissions).
my
,
11. The sense
from
Contra
comments
'truth'
as
and modernity
ensue
Nietzsche
as too
vein,
eine Umwertung
indem sie Kraft
"A doctrine,
which
the
accuracy,
issue
politics
As concerns
is
a philosophical
of historico-textual
10. On this
this
of
considers
a similar
history
problem
Ansell-Pearson's
Rousseau.
of
to
in
the
and
Keith
between
relation
on the
Ansell-Person
by him
ones
focused
these,
cf.
position,
the
of
that
produce
deployment
in
these
the
the
object,
they
objects
to it
or,
of
the
under
name of
the status
of
its
modality,
the
modification
12, Not
even
the
abstrusely
between
the
two
sets
the
of
worded
der
mathematischtranszendentalen
Auflösung
der
dynamisch-transzendentalen
to
manages
this
rationalise
13. The German
Sinnlichkeit
'sensuousness'
or
in each case
very
have
not
the
can
of
course
but
the
different.
The
nominal
an abstract
appertains
the
and
corresponds
much more
in
available
English.
unsatisfactory)
instance
in this
the
be lost
my opinion,
for
'sensuality'
obviously
a case
opt
the
most
of
translating
the
I
part
this
this
were
to
be done.
lesser
The
which
this
respect
any of
the
nouns
the
it
(nonetheless
by 'sensibility'
Kant'
but
would,
in
aware
that
to
its
own problems.
It
is
-
1. (of
matter)
s text
am, however,
produces
does
In
from
I
are
which
that
of
neutral.
quote
translation
the
ent i rel y
'sensory'.
Sinnlichkeit
of
accepting
English
adjective
follow
sweep
this
the
than
whole
in
56,
and associations
with
Sinnlichkeit
For
if
of
lies
much more
to
A528,6
: ur
as 'sensibility',
implications
merely
closely
convention
be rendered
problem
hence
zur
pen.
descriptive
to
senses,
KrV/CPR
being
of
section
und Vorerinnerung
of
advantage
bridging
'Schlussanmerkung
equivalent
the
has
latter
the
of
Ideen'
of
'sensuality',
part
[sic],
slip
consciousness,
mind.
entitled
Auflösung
subject's
subject's
second
Antinomies,
of
to the
relation
evil.
CHAPTERTHREE
1. 'Putrescent'
in a state
corrupt
-
of
or
in
ignored.
yet
that
text
discussion
scope of
dissertation.
and,
in
this
a much more
surprise
Kant.
logic
scalar
to
For
find
i,
cf.
Land,
of
this
difficult
of
seems
discussion
The Thirst
to
however
of
for
the
simply
be
course
equal
` phenomena,
and
reality.
A
beyond
the
accord
is
that
of
remote,
scalar
Annihilation
-242-
that
think
value.
exposes
in
the
or
quality
not
hiatus
in
2. morally
should
of
explicitly
sense,
it,
not
textual
be seen
can
traces
an excellent
Kant
text
the
reading
I
organic
smell.
in
but
issue,
does
matter'
in
point
this
foul
a
4. deficient
foul.
a problematic
which
'Pre-conceptual
more in-depth
3. This
usually
is
this
off
giving
3. sickening;
Kant's
this
at
rotting.
putrid;
decomposition,
worthless.
2. I am aware
tensions
becoming
Putrid
the
it
objective
unfortunately
work
of
but
Nietzsche
in
text
a
logics
Schcp
of
of
it
the
nhauer
comes as a
idealist
Schopenhauer
(cf. bibliography).
and
in
Deleuze,
4, Again,
these
points.
5. As Heidegger
does,
explores
"Plato
for
and the
instance
Simulacrum"
in
Kant
of
experience
Logic
,
of Sense op. cit.
,
und das Probt Pm HAS ,moo
"e...,.:..
op. cit.
of
6. "The conditions
possibility
time conditions
of
possibility
B197,t. m.. This
is
discussed
Ding,
dem
nach
cf.
bibliography.
7. It
of
be remembered
should
different
the entirely
opposed to
an -
of
experience"
by Heidegger
in
the
constitution
A286,
B342),
a fact
8. Urteilskraft
is
regularly
translated
consider
this
B307f,
following
I
reasons
judging
(urteilen
English)
refer
we know from
the
insofar
Every
under concepts.
the question
of this
which
is
note)
is a separate
conscious
of
disagreeing
in
with
I
think
it
makes
Urteilskraft'
as
The further
practical)
de
of
can,
I
keep Urteilskraft
understanding
the
think,
reason.
reason
for
la
'Judgement'.
For
judgement
does
the
respectively.
coterminous
with
the
own Critique,
where
But
the
end
at
conscientious
Pluhar
(cf.
list
entire
project
primary
of
motivates
which
The
der
`Kritik
renders
and
and
as 'Judgement'.
merely
this
I am
Although
most
translated
it
whether
etc.
rules
judging.
the
of
the
de juger'.
the
for
not
sources
a priori
quote
of
of
intuitions
of
its
does
from
subsumption
an act
As
formation
deserves
one
word
in
form
my comment
of
or
verbal
implies
B159,
the
(Urteil)
register
the
as
B72,
not
or
facultd
Kant
apart
this,
as merely
(cf.
account
be answered
This
ignored.
own a priori
is
the
namely
slightly
and
why
to
referring
knowledge,
'faculty',
clarifies
'Critique
conveniently
KrV/CPR
Critique
of
a nonsense
takes
question
when
namely
too,
cognition
successors
Werner
Urteilskraft
if
French translation,
this
Kant,
of
Critique
usual term
third
containing
texts),
the third
the
its
translators
of
therefore
faculty,
expert
faculties
implies
Urteilskraft
whether
human
stressing
(e. g.
is
judging
proposition
animates
in
difference
this
as
is
intuition
nominal
Critique,
first
every proposition,
its
of Die Frage
part
vehemence
inappropriate:
the
in
an actus
his
of
beurteilen,
or
to
some
second
are at the same
(KrV/CPR A158,
Kant's
the
of
intellectual
-
general
objects
how unflagging
imaginary
in
Vermögen
of
which
most
must
be translated
Kant
that
the
two
faculties
from
the
he says
of
to
the
Urteilskraft
Philosophie
"" ihre Prinzipien
der
System
reinen
in
einem
..
besonderen Teil
praktischen
und
theoretischen
der
zwischen
dürfen, sondern
beiden
gelegentlich
jedem
Notfalle
im
von
werden können. "
-243-
or
(theoretical
out
Preface
employ
part
by pointing
other
his
wants
as
to
of
third
Critique
that:
keinen
ausmachen
angeschlossen
in
its principles
system of pure philosophy
a
may not c3;,, ti'
...
te
theoretical
between
part
and practical
special
philosophy
but in arg
be
occasionally
can
annexed to either
emergency
of them. " (KU/C'
t. M. )
the
But in
in its
for
grounds
ample
gives
immediately
sentence
preceding
thinking
this
one in
Urteilskraft
of
the
Preface
nonetheless
he
as a faculty
own right:
der
Vernunft,
d. i.
reinen
Vermögens,
unseres
nach Prinzipien
würde unvollständig
zu urteilen,
a priori
sein,
wenn die Urteilskraft,
für
Erkenntnisvermögen
darauf
als
sich
welche
auch Anspruch
macht, nicht
Teil
derselben
besonderer
ein
abgehandelt
als
würde. "
i. e. of our faculty
"A critique
to judge according
of pure reason,
to a
be
incomplete
if the faculty
principles,
would
priori
of judgement
which
this
for
itself
claims
as a faculty
also
of cognition
were not treated
as
thereof
[of
the critique
(KU/CJ ibid. )
part
a special
of pure reason]"
Kritik
"Eine
Although
philosophy
as
theoretical
and
practical
employment
of)
our
its
B XXV).
If
own right
of the
any
were
first
Critique.
pure
needed,
paragraph
There
Kant
of
consists
of
the
critique
consists
of
three
reason
more
only
philosophy,
faculties
pure understanding,
XXIII,
a system
the
and
for
grounds
one
V of
section
the
establishes
to
the
of
(the
legitimate
namely
those
parts,
a faculty
A
in
than
the
end
Introduction
to
the
third
Urteilskraft
a reflective
of
(KU/CJ
judgement
of
the
of
no further
look
first
notion
namely
Urteilskraft
considering
would
parts,
faculty
pure
have
two
of
which he states:
das
diejenige,
ist
welche man auch
first
"
(KU/CJ
diiudicandi)
nennt.
"Die reflektierende
Urteilskraft
Beurteilungsvermögen
tas
(facul
Introduction,
V, my italics).
section
For obvious
not at
Critique
of
states
part
reasons
deal
all
the
Introduct
the
all
do not
attempt
first
of
or
to
third
text
the
'third
Critique'
are
either
the
or
of
bhail
the
namely
unless
Preface
the
Critique,
Judgement,
the
to
references
the
of
part
Faculty
Critique
a translation
explicitly
to
the
second
ions.
insists
contrivance,
Hume' s Dialogues
on the
such
irreducible
as a watch,
This marks
a radical
repeatedly
the
Aesthetic
third
9. For instance
Philo
with
otherwise,
of
I
I
Since
here.
throughout
departure
Descartes'
part
Concerning
Natural
Religion,
difference
between
a mechanical
and the
from
unique
the
oeuvre,
-244-
properties
II
where
of organic
beings.
view,
expressed
earlier,
Cartesian
that
body,
human
the
as an example
of a complex
natural
for instance
the
can be thought
object,
Meditation
Sixth
in
the
in
of
terms
Meditations
of
a machine;
on first
cf.
Philosoph,,
he
writes:
where
the
human
body
I
consider
fitted
as a machine
"...
may
together
and made
blood,
bones,
sinews,
muscles,
veins,
in such a way that,
and skin
of
up
in
it,
it
there
if
no
mind
were
would still
even
carry
the
out all
do not depend on the command of the
that.
operations
..
will,
nor,
"
the
mind.
on
therefore,
Cartesian
this
Although
processes
physiological
properties
that
short
of
matter
the
processes
of
the
body
Descartes
is
only
thinking
and
of
the
not
transformations
and biological
body
is
KU/CJ,
the
the
of
giving
of
important
on voluntaristic
organic
movements,
materiality
depend
the
remembered that
simply
do not
falls
of
the
contains
it
interventions,
is true
thought
any
which
are
that
any other
mental
or
to
specificity
a body
observation
is
the
of
it
mechanical
complicated
physiological,
a body
continually
undergoes.
or
chemical
Thus
it
is
still
section
II
of
suppressed,
completely
it
be
must
processes,
more
still
Although
composed.
self-sustaining,
peculiar
the
only
res ext ensa.
10. For example,
Introduction
where
to denote
for
capacity
11. Since
mediating
need
12. A brief
of
only
deals
exactly
not
such
just
the
the
faculties'
reason,
but
critical
philosophy
or
first
the
in
times
several
capacity,
judgement
faculty
but
of
on the
third
puts the
issue
in
role
such
very
chapter
of
the
means
in
studies
for
Kant'
nature,
also
which
since many excellent
immediate
word
Critique
his
here,
Judgement's
mentions
this
dissertation
a theory
incidentally,
considered
paragraphs
of
a way as
interaction.
this
concerns
the
or
few
cognitive
a generalised
understanding
it
Kant
first
the
with
system
critical
topic
exist
is
well
of
Judgement)
of
the
not
already,
as,
cannot
faculty
of
possible.
But
there
is
as
be
no
here.
a discussion
formulated
attractively
Faculty
a discussion
that
on this
philosphy
s practical
Aesthetic
(as
insofar
Critique
in
' Kant'
a nutshell
(sic!
):
passage
s Leben
from
Lehre'
und
Cassirer's
)
358f
6,
(ch.
p.
Ganzes
ein
nicht
bildet
sich
da
"Wo wahrhafte
ist,
Entwicklung
vorhanden
richtunggebendes
als
ihnen,
in
bereits
aus den Teilen,
ist
da
es
sondern
Vor und ac'
des
Gleichschritts
Prinzip enthalten.
des einförmigen
Statt
vergegenwärtigen
Moment
der Zeit,
vom
in welchem jeder
vorhergehende
in
denket.
wir
ihn
verliert,
Dasein
an
schlungen wird und gleichsam
sein
der
greifen
Ineinander
der Erscheinung
des Lebens ein wechselseitiges
erhalten
Gegenwärtigen
Ein2pl
im
daß das Vergangene
"%-e.,, te: derart,
-245-
beiden
in
daß
schon die Tendenz zur künftigen
bleibt
und
Gestillt ung
ist.
kenntlich
Diese
Art
des Zusammenhar,
und
wirksam
ý,- ist es, die w: r
dem
Begriff
des Organismus bezei
mit
herkömmlich
chneri. "
development
is present,
true
a whole is not formed
out
of
In them,
is contained
as a guiding
principle.
Instead
the
of
the
before
of
and after
march
of time,
in which every
uniform
previous
by
the
is
swallowed
present
one and loses
moment
its
existence
to it,
the phenomenon of life
we think
a reciprocal
interlocking
of the
individual
such that
moments:
what is past is preserved
in what is
in
both
that
the
tendency
towards
and
future
present
formation
is
knowable.
This
is
the kind
and
effective
of complex which we usually
the
by
(t. m. )
concept
of an organism"
signify
"Where
but it
13. It
be impossible
would
terms at
this
instance,
without
in the
to
by mentioning
point,
unduly
14. Heidegger
elaborates
Technik,
bibliography.
cf.
on this
have
to
consider
instance
of
'the
return
of
Language
of
Psycho-Analysis,
16. This
recalls
Aesthetic
Faculty
marks
momentarily
Kant's
of
respective
the
scope
of
sec. V of
mentioned several
this
Critique.
19. WMhas ".
stilted
more technical
temporality,
another
which
for
properly
belon8s
study,
need
Kant
this
Die
nach
conceptions
the
project.
the
present
Freud
after
and Pontalis,
cf.
bibliography.
in
sublime
Critique
be asked
might
to
the
the
the
of
the
nature
anthropomorphise
in
question,
the
parts
such
a discussion
of
The
in
whether
two
der
as an
instance
i, ýue
Crit
third
falls
clearly
is
Angemessenheit
where
Introduction,
first
Frage
for
nature,
of
outburst
be a fascinating
would
between
comparison
had the
of
very
space
sense
and since
I
for
can only
But
such
physical
as this
a consideration
the
whilst
an elegant
provides
-246-
interested
not
philosophy
practical
this
would now
teleology
to moral
twist
latest
an overall
without
refer
Kant's
discussion,
from
such
which,
briefly
the
into
-
§87 onwards.
little
to bring
transition
the
im Begriffe"
..
and Hegelian
20. Although
the
of
in
as mentioned
repressed',
by Laplanche
Although
instance
abrupt
Kant's
philosophy,
the third
rather
which
at
from
makes very
this
the
tendencies
place
scope of
this
question
a reading
which takes
practical
in
times.
nihilistic
necessitate
teleology
of
for
point,
The
dissertation
- and its
trace
Judgement.
a point
by way of
17. Cf. also
18. If
issues
a discussion
discussion
subsides.
particular
outside
the
anticipating
15. We would
and their
these
chapter.
next
sublime
introduce
'_n
to Kant's
of his
consideration
is
entirely
to this
reader
impossible,
beyond the
part
sounds rather
Nietzsche.
as
writer
it
'deduction',
this
jr.
,,, where
of
too
(or
rigorous
as
near
as significant)
aý---that
of the categories;
cf. Kr'G'/CPR
A669f, B697f.
CHAPTERFOUR
1. Kant confidently
proclaims:
die zuvörderst
"... Kritik,
darlegen mußte, und einen
hatte.
"
nötig
ebenen
die
Quellen
und Bedingungen ihrer
Boden zu reinigen
verwachsenen
ganz
first
Critique
had to
which
of all
and needed to clear
possibility
of its
t. in. ).
AXXI,
ground. " (KrV/CPR
",..
2. In terms
the
of
terminology
these same issues,
it
deterritorialisation
reterri it orial
3. It
far
is
say here
that
sublation
into
not
has nothing
name. As Deleuze
I would
scope
of
this
dissertation
the
dichotomy
for
critique
overcoming
the
Hegelian
it
that
are
enters
of
utterly
foreign
notion
of
whatsoever
to
do with
by
Deleuze'
it
a few
to
casual
comments.
of
p. 87f).
as it
appear
correct,
of
only
excavation.
that
it
is
I don't
useful
for
claim
that
bringing
-247-
systematise
Nietzsche,
and
this
out
very
My own
much undertaken
in
Nietzsche
of
is
reading
the
to bring
connections
philosophy.
century's
vis-A-vis
problems
as an attempt
reading
this
GdM/GOM(cf. 3.7
to overly
are
relation
to
obviously
Whilst
attempts
spirit
is
same
),
study
are potential
Kant
situating
in-depth
there
between
out the subterranean
connections
that have
this
in
gone virtually
unnoticed
Nietzsche
as his
his
op. cit.
ch. 5,
essays
Deleuze's
the
of
notion
three
might
understand
in
operative
of the
the
the
and of
is
terms
these
in
Nietzsche
s reading
I
substitute
to
thinking
fascinating
as
the
it
Suffice
Nietzsche's
to
Philosophy,
and
almost
and
mind
dialectic
Hegelian
the
facile
reading
insofar
thought,
is
between
which
synthesis
(Nietzsche
Hegel
to
the
notions
Kant
this
that
show in how
to
by Hegel.
developed
the
for
namely
at
of
the
and Philosophy,
Nietzsche's
is
will
consider
4. The inspiration
with this,
truth
the
demonstrates
deserves
of Nietzsche
to
of
from
s relation
from
of
impetus
different
which
texts
derived
movement
the
only
more importantly,
relation
the
whereas
strategy
but,
Kant.
marks
be said
beyond
entirely
Nietzsche'
concerning
could
unfortunately
is
and Guattari
isat ion.
Nietzsche's
matter
by Deleuze
that
t
the sources
and conditions
level
an entirely
overgrown
expose
and to
developed
Mögllchke:
und
connections
bet.. een
thought.
Kant'
s
his and
I would
say
tradition
which
5. In particular,
and the
Derrida,
reading
of
Platonism.
6. Cf.
the
previous
for
7, Bataille,
that
much of
the work of Heidegger
and
work has spawned, is Laie=
on this
their
note.
instance,
does this
being
without
in overt
d: a'. gigue with
the tradition.
8. In this
too
all
which
art,
the potentially
Cf.
persistent
often
much
the symptom
of it.
the
regard
offers
a resistance
also
note
in
9. As defined
11. Heidegger
to
7 to
the
this
physiology
idealising
anaemic,
thought,
Greek
of
physiology,
rather
than
this
thesis.
of
of
readings
of
seems to
a true
be
realisation
Dictionary.
both
encompasses
Nietzsche's
notion
Introduction
Langenscheidt
10. In German wertlos
but
nothing
Nietzschean
richer
of
to
attention
meanings.
writes:
"With the abolition
the way first
of Platonism
opens for the affirmation
What is needed is neither
of the sensuous...
of the sensuous nor
abolition
On the contrary,
abolition
what must be cast abide is
of the nonsensuous.
the misinterpretation,
the deprecation,
as well as the
of the sensuous,
for
be
A
the
a
cleared
extravagant
path must
elevation
of
supersensuous.
the
hierarchy
basis
the
interpretation
the
of
new
of
a
on
new
of
sensuous
to
does
The
hierarchy
wish
simply
not
sensuous and nonsensuous.
new
the
the
now
reverencing
order,
reverse
matters
within
old structural
to
does
It
the
put what was
wish
not
sensuous and scorning
nonsensuous.
hierarchy
A
top.
and new valuation
the
new
at the very bottom
very
on
209,
I,
(Nietzsche
"
p.
be
the ordering
changed.
mean that
must
structure
op. cit. )
Although
this
'Heidegger's
point
in
instead
p. 211).
of
By doing
drug-induced
so Heidegger
Rausch
which he chooses
12. See the
to
article
and
to
that
at
basis
of
note
impact
full
can
sustain
this
of
crucial
ar, Li
a reversal
and
aesthetics'
(for
instance,
the
of
sexual
of
purity
a physiological
circumvent
the
of
intricacies
thinking
'physiological
Nietzsche's
privileges
with
the
sidesteps
on the
Platonism
concerned
interesting
is
Heidegger
text,
not
manifestly
it
Nietzsche',
his
overturning
is
thesis
the
neo-scholastic
messiness
register
or
in
speak.
by D. F. Krell,
"Descensional
entitled
cf.
Reflection",
bibliography.
13. In contrast
to
Deleuze,
a way of de-temporalising
all
philosophical
method
who wants
thinking,
(Nietzsche
to
say that
that
and
this
Philosophy,
and
-248-
Kant' s critical
tends
is
method
feature
be
a
to
of
it
is
p. 103f),
I think
to
legitimate
terms,
different
is
thought
will
to
Nietzsche's
understand
namely
never
as
temporalising
a way of
but
anything
Nietzsche
power.
physiologico-critical
a function
of
thinking
go far
have
the
rather
is perfectly
plausible
to
theorise
to
in
will
power,
their
and have
shown,
beyond
happily
simplistic
`he
matter,
gefunden:
or
simpl;
done
Capitalist
so in
terms
which
I offer
here,
that
in
terms
of
economies
of
aber die
the most vat
ale
reading
Nietzschean
most
ver',
that
remarks
and Guattari
in
by
an energised
Einsichten
"Die wertvollsten
werden am spätesten
Einsichten
sind die Methoden. of
wertvollsten
insights
"The most valuable
are found last:
but
insights
are the methods. " (WM/WP no. 469, t. m. )
14. Deleuze
method
ouevres,
it
the
Anti-Oedipus,
cf.
Schulsprache
jetzt
bibliography.
15. Nietzsche
these
equates
terms
"Geist
(oder die 'Seele'
oder
Seele sagt).
"
statt
"Spirit
(or 'soul'
or subject,
instead
" (KSA 11,36
of soul).
16. Leitfaden
is
literally
as 'theme'
because
it
for
instance
of
17. Is this
what
happened
18. See also
the
parts,
entitled
vol. 21,1992,
rather
fact
Descartes,
Sein
taking
constituents"
in a state
of
something
that
draws
together
various
Nietzsche
in
the
the
fd
end?
by Karen Swasýjan,
article
in
Der Gekreuzigte'
'Nietzsche-Studien'
this
the
are
continuous
as res
in
systems
they
et
al
have
exchange
which
virtually
(ed. s)
but
Animal
highly
of
says
ir,
it,
about
consciousness.
corporea,
following
instance.
921 for
transient
delicate
most
body conceived
und Zeit,
place,
superficial,
lucid
given
sense,
more
what
Nietzsche
does
but
here
possible
perfectly
only
not
of
des Willens'
' Auflösung
me that
to
('release
des Willens'
'Auslösung
has
is
)
will'
M. S. Gordon
22. "Organisms
ti anslat
and delightful
seems
calls
cf. ,
21. "Organisms
are
continually
to
accompanies
20. As Heidegger
more commonly
witty
it
deal
make a great
it
now has it
but
edition
the
of
namely that
as the language
of the Schools
[ 36],
WM/WP no. 659, t. m. ).
bibliography.
whereas
('dissolution
die
wie
thread'
Ariadne.
cf.
),
Subjekt,
a text.
19. The Colli-Montinari
the will,
das
leading
a'
denotes
'Labyrinth.
when he writes:
energy
fixed
no
energy
-249-
or permanent
Physiology,
adaptable
are
transformations
dynamic
and materials
p" 25"
systems
with
that
the
exist
that
environment
them, 11 ibid,
surrounds
p. 28,
23. The converse
of
' catabolism'
is
or assimilation,
in
which
molecules
of
ones and a storage
24. ", .. the
interacting
maintained
only
by
simple
is
effected.
dynamic
systems
energy
the
' anabolism'
kind
,a
of
reconst it ut i., r;
are synthesised
that
into
c ý.r=ex
constitute
the
of
energy,
" Animal
Nietzsche
and Philosophy,
p. 91.
philosophical
article
the
continuous
expenditure
organism
be
cn
Ft;ys-ofogy
34.
p.
op.cit. ,
25, Deleuze
26. In
makes this
a short
but
'Shifting
Sand'
1993, the
following
discussion,
point
in
surprisingly
which
appeared
in
observations,
the
' Independent'
which
seem strangely
under
title
of the 24th of Jul,,
to our
pertinent
were made:
forces
have blasted
Baghdad with
rockets
and Mogadishu
in
back
home
Midwest
the
they have been discovering
missiles,
with
anew
is the adversary,
that when Nature
they must fight
her in the trenches.
Flood
The battle
the Great
the
against
of 1993 is hand-to-hand
combat:
human muscles...
damage to property
[of
in the state
most useful
weapon,
Iowa] estimated
billion,
damage to crops of more than $
at more than $1
750 million,
two million
Some 30 people have died
acres
under water.
damage is estimated
across the affected
and total
at more thin 15
states
billion...
them one by
Still
the bags, chucking
the work goes on, filling
helicopters,
them one by one out of helicopters
and
one into
chucking
down on to the ruptured
in a case of multiple
levees;
a Band-Aid
in
fractures.
dramatically
is
The size
task
the
satellite
apparent
of
Before:
rivers,
the Illinois
and Mississippi
pictures.
and Missouri
the
through
plains.
defined
neatly
narrow,
winding
clearly
arteries
Afterwards:
spilling
become
have
swollen,
three
preposterously
all
rivers
has
land
the
not
But
through...
break
they
where
promiscuously
wherever
the
from
r oinfall.
all
been
bright
inundated,
it gleams
green
yet
emerald
destructive
event
It is the paradox
flood:
this
the
quintessentially
of
the
from
lands
which
is also the bringer
the
life,
of
regenerator
of new
levees
his
fact
wit!,
farmers have squeezed
man,
It's
modern
a
so much.
the
In
Perhaps,
deny.
to
trying
200
has
and flood
years
walls,
spent
"While
American
run, America will
the only remaining
In this
context
from being
benefit
"
superpower.
ch. 7 of
The Thirst
Noumenon (Passion
of
say, for
when Land asks:
instance
the
Cyclone)",
reminded
for
also
that
Annihilation,
all,
she is not,
after
entitled
"Fanged
has some interesting
things
to
like
y
Something
the
sea?
"Is not transcendental
fear
of
a
philosophy
:
r.
t
and
e
as
us,
at
gnaws
dike or a sea-wall?
for the open ocean
Alonging
s
e'
re
nature
our
of
the
is gnawed by the sea. A dark fluidity
roots
at
in
which
anxiety
of
wave
a
firma,
provoking
against the security
terra
of
on
representat
with
drowning,
feel
we are submerged,
ourselves
we
until
draining
away. " (p. 107)
-250-
two
these
Of
27.
that
Kant says
stems
neither
vorzuziehen.
andern
discussion
this
If
28.
brief,
this
thinking
it
which
is
of
knowledge,
is
to
of
the
eternal
so because
our
focus
if
even
is
recurrence
only
contributes
to
the
understanding
that
were
account
and
over
the
other
recurrence
of
the
ity,,
("Keine...:
st
1cr
.
and eternal
is in no way an exhaustive
understanding
be privileged
A51, B75)
"KrV/CPR
the
after
all
warrants
of
of
the
possible.
L
-251-
same Is
Nietzsche'
a discussi,,,
it.
thought
It
is
of
rather
sj
h-jysi _.
to
the
ca,
.Si
extent
uriderstD, -, ý that
eternal
rrLurren-e,
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