PHOTO: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
W
ho are the English? Pitifully
enough, we are now scared to
ask. To ask is to revisit
Scripture—the canonical texts
by which our culture is defined.
But what reigns in Babylon is the anticanon, with its two immense pillars.
Exoterically, the deconstructed and
diversified new canon arises, through which
students, children, and the public are to be
guided by angels other than their own.
Beside this, befogged in its own tactical
opacity, but increasingly immodest in its
public presentation, is the esoteric canon of
destructive principles, and tools, by which
subversion—and our ruin—is to be
advanced.
Insofar as secular history makes its
judgment, our defeat is already
comprehensive and irredeemable. Nothing
is to be taught, unless against us. With the
official organs of English education quite
lost, connecting with the words that most
deeply matter to us has become a matter of
something disguised as serendipity. An
apparent randomness attends its
illustration.
Vince Passaro, in an afterword to the
Signet edition of Heart of Darkness and The
Secret Sharer, describes how reading the
book in 1978 became an occasion for an
encounter with Edward Said, who saw
Passaro reading the book in a lobby at
Columbia University and struck up a
conversation with him. Said would become
an exalted priest in Babylon, and was
already professor of English at Columbia
University, with his classic of the esoteric
anti-canon, Orientalism, on its way to
publication. At Columbia, he was teaching
a course on modern British literature,
which Passaro was invited to attend.
Of course, “Modern British Literature” is
an aggressively stupid category. There is no
“British” language. “British” here—as now
generally—is a category designed to
strangle English. Through it, the English
are first parted from their tongue, and then
entirely from their identity. The implied
distinction is almost certainly with
American, and thus the English peoples are
scattered further.
In any case, Said was most probably
innocent regarding his course title. He had
his own people, and fought for them,
unrelentingly. There is much to be learned
from this, even if it is very far indeed from
the lesson he himself sought to impart.
“Don’t you talk with Mr. Kurtz?” Marlow
asks the unnamed Russian—“Kurtz’s last
disciple”—he meets at the Inner Station.
“You don’t talk with that man—you listen
to him,” the Russian replies. Passaro
regarded Said with similar awe. The
adoration appears dramatically extravagant
in both cases. “Said was the greatest literary
mind I have ever been in the presence of, by
several orders of magnitude …” Perhaps
this story requires no less. While Said was
certainly no Conrad, not even Conrad is a
Kurtz.
Passaro notes the mystery of Conrad: “It is
not clear why he chose, among his five or
six languages, to write in the one he learned
latest in life: English.” He adds,
perceptively: “when Marlow considers why
Kurtz has bestowed on him all [his]
horrible visions, he concludes that it was
‘because [he] could speak English to me.’”
Passaro speaks further of Conrad’s
“profound connection to the English
language, to his commitment to it as a
vehicle of redemption, even for Kurtz, who,
having finally found an English speaker, is
freed to tell his horrific truth.”
Passaro’s voice here, then, is angelic (of the
angels/of the Angles) no doubt despite his
own intentions, which count—as always—
as nothing. It touches not only upon a
masterpiece of English prose literature, but
also upon a reflexive journey into the
mystery of Englishness, of Anglossic.
To speak realistically of the English is
already to raise the issue of the Hajnal Line,
which marks those areas of Europe that
eschew cousin marriage. Any population
averse to cousin marriage has a
distinctively frayed ethnicity, and
northwest European out-breeders thus
compose a peculiar people. Among them,
race and culture are spun out in an open
spiral. Inclusion is for them an essential
cultural, even biological theme. When
caught in a decaying orbit, this intrinsic
outreach can tilt into ethnic self-abolition.
To be anti-English is exceptionally English.
Conrad identified the English demographic
vortex with the sea. It was through the sea,
after all, and specifically through the
British merchant service, that he was
captured by it. In Heart of Darkness, the
outermost—and unnamed—narrator
speaks of “the bond of the sea” which “had
the effect of making us tolerant of each
other’s yarns—and even convictions.”
Maritime liberalism is easily recognized in
this. The Venetians and Dutch knew it well,
but the English most of all.
As should be expected from the earth’s
most exemplary out-breeder culture, the
ambivalences of English are unparalleled.
When all seems lost to it, due to the forces
of ruin from within—when it seems quite
lost to itself—it finds some precious
measure of salvation from outside. The
destructive work of its incontinent
outwardness is reprieved by its power of
captivation. A Conrad happens
occasionally—but perhaps often enough.
“To be anti-English
is exceptionally
English.”
The ancestral faith of an out-breeder
culture is a complex thing. To seek it
through regression is to recover, with
ultimate inevitability, an irreducibly alien
—or aboriginally non-native—element.
This is the meaning of Kurtz to Solemn
Providence.
B
y tradition, connection with ancestral
spirits, and with the monsters that
attend them, requires nautical and
riparian journeys. Already in Book
XI of the Odyssey, travel to the
land of the dead involves an ambivalent
crossing of sea and river—Ocean and the
Styx are both mentioned. For the
subsequent epic tradition, from Virgil,
through Dante, passages into the lands of
darkness, or the occult realms—the
underworld, Hades, or hell—involve rivercrossings by ferry. On a partially
independent lineage, Beowulf passes down
through the waters of a marsh to reach and
slay Grendel’s Mother, the “accursed
monster of the deep.” These journeys have
to be counted among our most profound
structures of myth, trans-religious in
scope. It is a measure, then, of Conrad’s
greatness that he radically—and
compellingly—reconceives them.
His river resembles “an immense snake
uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body
at rest curving afar over a vast country, and
its tail lost in the depths of the land.” The
land of darkness no longer lies on a far
shore, but at the end of the river, reached
by serpentine spinal voyage.
Marlow gives voice to an ironic British
patriotism, which is by his time an
established imperialism. Examining a
world map he observes: “There was a vast
amount of red—good to see at any time,
because one knows that some real work is
done in there.” Work is a word worth
following closely through Heart of Darkness.
It is one of several biblically sonorous
refrains, prolonged ironizations, and
deeper venerations, recurring in strange
and ominous rhythms, the noble cause,
fantastic invasion, trade secrets, ivory, voice,
method, savagery, the snaking river, primeval
earth, great silence, solitude, nightmares,
horror, and—engulfing all, irrecoverably—
darkness. It is extraordinary in this short
work, how much loops back, and
insistently returns. It is the outer edge of
English that we touch upon—much like the
sea. Conrad engages us in a lucid, though
necessarily twisted, ethnic topology,
described by shells, and stages.
Of Marlow, it is said by the outermost and
nameless narrative voice, “to him the
meaning of an episode was not inside like a
kernel but outside.” From outer shell, to
inner shell, to kernel, the tale proceeds,
before returning. The voyage is plotted
from the (unnamed, ocean-edging) Outer
Station, to the Central Station, to the Inner
Station—where it reaches Kurtz
—“crawling” up the river into the dark
interior, and then back. Neither for
Marlow, nor for English, is Kurtz’s Inner
Station home. It isn’t even an ancient, lost,
brokenly remembered and haunting home.
It is radically foreign, “the farthest point of
navigation and the culminating point of my
experience.”
Yet Kurtz, too, in the end, is mostly missed.
He is English only in the way of the
English, which is to say by adoption,
translation, and admixture. “His mother
was half-English.” Marlow would pay him
more attention. “But I had not much time
to give him, because I was helping the
engine-driver to take to pieces the leaky
cylinders, to straighten a bent connectingrod, and in other such matters. I lived in an
infernal mess of rust, filings, nuts, bolts,
spanners, hammers, ratchet-drills …” Could
things be conceivably stated with more
penetrating and comprehensive Englishness?
In the distracting business clatter of
English purposes, the solemnity of the
mission is almost eclipsed, at the end. That
this foreign being, and the still more
foreign things he has mixed himself with,
be brought back, and out, into us, is a
matter of sacred, iron destiny. It is nothing
less than Solemn Providence that calls for
him to be fetched back to English, to the
Outer Station, where the great snake of the
river meets “the sea of inexorable time.”
But “his soul was mad.”
Nick Land is a writer living in Shanghai.
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